Science and earth science

Acta Geologica Polonica

Description

Acta Geologica Polonica publishes original papers on all aspects of geology. These papers must not have been published or submitted for publication elsewhere, in entirety or in part. The articles should be of moderate length (up to 80 manuscript pages). Longer manuscripts may be accepted but authors should consult the editor before submitting these.

Starting with 2012 you have free access to full texts of all published articles.

Acta Geologica Polonica is now (beginning with volume 54(1) for 2004) in the following Clarivate Analytics products: Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE), including the Web of Science, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences, ISI Alerting Services.

IMPACT FACTOR 2022: 1.1

CiteScore 2022: 2.1

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2022: 0.477

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2022: 0.613

Score of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education = 100

ISSN

ISSN 0001-5709

Publishers

Komitet Nauk Geologicznych PAN, Wydział Geologii UW

Editorial Team

Editor-in-Chief

Anna Żylińska, Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Str. 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland

Editors

Piotr Łuczyński, Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Str. 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland

Anna Żylińska, Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Str. 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland

Assistant Editors

Bogusław Bagiński, Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Str. 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland

Andrzej Konon, Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Str. 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland

Ewa Krogulec, Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Str. 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland

Editorial Board

Zdzisław Bełka, Isotope Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego Str. 10, PL-61-680 Poznań, Poland

Olaf Elicki, Geological Institute, TU Bergakademie Freiberg (Freiberg University), Bernhard-von-Cotta Str. 2, 09599 Freiberg, Germany

Jerzy Fedorowski, Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego Str. 12, PL-61-680 Poznań, Poland

Peter J. Harries, NC State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695-7102, United States

John W.M. Jagt, Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, de Bosquetplein 6, NL-6211 KJ Maastricht, Netherlands

William James Kennedy, Oxford University, Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, OX1 3PW Oxford, United Kingdom

Jacek Matyszkiewicz, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Str. 30, PL-30-059 Kraków, Poland

Stanislaw Mazur, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Senacka Str. 1, PL-31-002 Kraków, Poland

Jozef Michalik, Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta Str. 9, SK-840-05, Bratislava, Slovakia

Nestor Oszczypko, Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 3a, PL-30-387 Kraków, Poland

Grzegorz Racki, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska Str. 60, PL-41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland

Ewa Słaby, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda Str. 51/55, PL-00-818 Warszawa, Poland

Michał Szulczewski, Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Str. 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland

Susan Turner, Queensland Museum, 122 Gerler Rd., Hendra 4101, Queensland, Australia

Alfred Uchman, Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Str. 3a, PL-30-387 Kraków, Poland

Ireneusz Walaszczyk, Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Str. 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland

Markus Wilmsen, Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Mineralogie und Geologie, Königsbrücker Landstr. 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany

Andrzej Ryszard Żelaźniewicz, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Podwale Str. 75, PL-50-449 Wrocław, Poland

Faculty of Geology,
University of Warsaw
Al. Zwirki i Wigury 93
02-089 Warszawa, Poland
Phone: +48-22-5540434
Fax: +48-22-5540001
e-mail: agp@uw.edu.pl

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Content

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2025 | vol. 75 | No 4 (in progress)

1 Origin of flints in the Upper Cretaceous and Danian Chalk of England, Denmark and the North Sea: Evidence from their geological setting, mineralogy, geochemistry, paramagnetic properties and ultrastructure

Christopher V. Jeans , David Wray , Giulio I. Lampronti , Hassan A. Sheikh , Alexander Evtushenko

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2025 | vol. 75 | No 4 (in progress) | e56 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2025.155950

Keywords: Cretaceous Chalk Upper Greensand Flints/cherts Mineralogy Geochemistry Paramagnetic properties NW Europe

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Abstract

Two types of flints are recognized in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of England, the North Sea and Denmark. Alpha-quartz/moganite flints are associated with the high quartz smectite-mica clay assemblage that probably derived its silica from mainly oceanic sources related possibly to the development of the Atlantic Ocean, and opal-CT flints that are associated with the low-quartz smectite-mica clay assemblage that derived its silica ultimately from the deep weathering of continental rocks on the Mid-European Island. Eight different groups of alpha-quartz/moganite flints are described based on mineralogy, colour, core/cortex definition, size, relationship to bedding, and location. The presence of authigenic paramagnetic and non-paramagnetic minerals demonstrate that certain of these groups of flints developed in the oxic and suboxic diagenetic zones although the majority formed in the anoxic zone. Their major, minor and trace element chemistry is discussed in relation to the timing of their development. A predictive schematic model is put forward linking flint development with diagenesis, burrow-type and the plumbing system of the Chalk. The origin of flint veins and sheets is discussed within the context of the known relationship between pore size and the degree of super saturation needed for cement precipitation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Christopher V. Jeans

David Wray

Giulio I. Lampronti

Hassan A. Sheikh

Alexander Evtushenko

Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
School of Science, University of Greenwich, Pembroke, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
Department of Chemical Engineering and Nanotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK

2 Evidence for the Presence of the Sanian 2 Glaciation (MIS 12) Ice-Sheet – A Case Study of Palaeobasins from the Mazovian Interglacial (MIS 11c) and Terrain Relief in Wantopol Site (E Poland)

Katarzyna Pochocka-Szwarc , Marcin Żarski , Artur Górecki , Anna Orłowska , Anna Hrynowiecka , Sylwia Skoczylas-Śniaz , Renata Stachowicz-Rybka , Krzysztof Stachowicz

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2025 | vol. 75 | No 4 (in progress) | e57 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2025.155951

Keywords: Mazovian (Holsteinian, MIS 11c) Sanian 2 (Elsterian, MIS 12) OHO Palaeolakes Kame Western Polesie (E Poland)

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Abstract

In the vicinity of Wantopol (Western Polesie, E Poland), present-day depressions in the landscape (Wantopol sites A, D and E) contain limnic and peat sediments with palynologic spectra and local macrofossil assemblages diagnostic of the Mazovian (Holsteinian, MIS 11c) Interglacial. The palaeobasins were carved in glacial tills of the Sanian 2 (Elsterian, MIS 12) Glaciation covering the entire area. The sediments covering the interglacial deposits are mostly of dilluvial origin and correlated with the Vistulian (Weichselian) Glaciation. The palaeobasins were formed as a result of aerial deglaciation of the Sanian 2 (Elsterian, MIS 12) ice-sheet by melting of dead-ice blocks in a depression (Wantopol A) and a shallow post-glacial trough (Wantopol D and E). Moreover, further evidence for this type of deglaciation of the Sanian 2 ice-sheet is a kame located in the vicinity of the studied sites, composed mainly of sandy sediments topped with a gravel layer. Sediments building the kame were deposited in a crevasse within the melting ice-sheet. The presence of glacial tills and the geological context of the interglacial sediments overlying them are proof of the presence of the Sanian 2 ice-sheet and for this being the last one that occurred in the study area.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Pochocka-Szwarc

Marcin Żarski

Artur Górecki

Anna Orłowska

Anna Hrynowiecka

Sylwia Skoczylas-Śniaz

Renata Stachowicz-Rybka

Krzysztof Stachowicz

Polish Geological Institute – National Geological Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Evidence for the presence of the Sanian 2 Glaciation (MIS 12)ice-sheet – a case study of palaeobasins from the MazovianInterglacial (MIS 11c) and terrain relief in Wantopol site(E Poland)
Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Department of Geomorphology and Palaeogeography, Lublin, Poland
Polish Geological Institute – National Geological Institute, Marine Geology Branch, Gdańsk, Poland
W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

3 A Study on Gigantopecten nodosiformis (Pusch and de Serres in Pusch, 1836) (Bivalvia, Pectinidae) from the Middle Miocene of Poland and Ukraine

Barbara Studencka

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2025 | vol. 75 | No 4 (in progress) | e58 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2025.155952

Keywords: Pectinidae Taxonomy Coralline red algae limestones Early Badenian (Middle Miocene, late Langhian) Palaeoclimate Skotniki (Holy Cross Mountains) Central Paratethys

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Abstract

The year of publication and bibliographic reference of Pecten nodosiformis have been quoted incorrectly. It is concluded herein that the name was originally published in Pusch’s Geognostische Beschreibung von Polen, and that the correct year is 1836. This highly distinctive pectinid species, with the left valve ornamented with nodules, and presently assigned to the genus Gigantopecten Rovereto, 1899, is a reliable guide to the Lower Badenian (upper Langhian, Middle Miocene) of Poland and Ukraine. Its occurrence in this area, restricted to carbonate deposits dated to the Orbulina suturalis planktonic foraminifera zone and the upper NN5 calcareous nannoplankton zone, help to refine the knowledge of palaeoclimatic changes during the Middle Miocene in individual Paratethyan basins. The comparison of many Polish, Ukrainian and Slovak specimens allows the demonstration of changes in the shape of the shell and its ornamentation during ontogeny. This was the reason for assigning herein numerous species as junior synonyms of Gigantopecten nodosiformis. Moreover, this paper presents a review of studies on the Middle Miocene sedimentary succession and its fossil content in Skotniki Quarry, the type locality of Gigantopecten nodosiformis, one of the most important geological exposures in the Holy Cross Mountains, studied already in the early 19th century by Pusch.

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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Studencka

Polish Academy of Sciences, Museum of the Earth in Warsaw, Al. Na Skarpie 20/26, 00-488 Warsaw, Poland

4 Miocene to Pleistocene Sporomorphs and Dinoflagellates from Plankton-Dated Sediments in the NDO B-1 Well, Offshore Nile Delta, Egypt

Magdy S. Mahmoud , Mennat-Allah T. El Hussieny , Amr S. Deaf

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2025 | vol. 75 | No 4 (in progress) | e59 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2025.155953

Keywords: Spores Pollen Dinoflagellate cysts Zonation Paleobiogeography Eastern Mediterranean

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Abstract

Based on well-preserved palynomorphs, a biostratigraphic assessment of the Miocene to Pleistocene succession in the NDO B-1 well, Nile Delta area, Egypt, is presented. Terrestrial pollen and spores are relatively more abundant and diverse in their spectra than the marine dinoflagellate cysts, which has enabled their semi-quantitative estimation. Dinoflagellate cysts are investigated on a qualitative basis. Two informal spore-pollen zones and seven informal zones based on dinoflagellate cysts are suggested and calibrated by planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton zones in the well; on a local scale they can be useful in the Nile Delta area. The results were compared with the Cenozoic palynomorph associations in the Mediterranean and Paratethyan realms. The dinoflagellate cyst taxa around the Messinian–Zanclean boundary in the well log lack characteristic brackish Paratethyan taxa, which is probably due to a disconnection or limited water circulation between the Paratethys and the eastern Mediterranean at the Messinian–Zanclean boundary or related to a stratigraphic bias.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdy S. Mahmoud

Mennat-Allah T. El Hussieny

Amr S. Deaf

Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt

5 Additional records of Paleogene fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) from Alabama, USA

David J. Cicimurri , Gary L. Stringer , Jun A. Ebersole

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2025 | vol. 75 | No 4 (in progress) | e60 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2025.155954

Keywords: Elasmobranchs Bony fishes Gulf Coastal Plain Paleocene Eocene Oligocene

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Abstract

The Paleogene deposits in Alabama, USA, contain abundant marine invertebrate and vertebrate fossils that represent diverse paleofaunas, but the fish taxa contained within these units remain understudied. The present work, based primarily on cataloged specimens from museum and university collections, discusses 12 chondrichthyan and 9 osteichthyan taxa that are newly recognized from Paleogene lithostratigraphic units in Alabama. All the chondrichthyan taxa are represented by teeth, whereas the bony fishes were identified by otoliths, teeth, and scales. The fossils we discuss include a previously unreported morphology of Otodus sp., as well as Striatolamia cederstroemi Siverson, 1995, Odontaspis substriata (Stromer, 1910), Microscyliorhinus leggetti Case, 1994, Hemipristis cf. intermedia Cicimurri, Ebersole, Stringer, Starnes and Phillips, 2025, Physogaleus aff. contortus Gibbes, 1849, ‘Sphyrna’ robustum Cicimurri, Ebersole, Stringer, Starnes and Phillips, 2025, Galeocerdo aff. platycuspidatum Cicimurri, Ebersole, Stringer, Starnes and Phillips, 2025, Casierabatis cf. lambrechtsi Reinecke, Mollen, Gijsen, D’Haeze and Hoedemakers, 2024, Hypolophities sp., ‘Rhinoptera’ prisca Woodward, 1907, and a batoid identified only as Myliobatidae indet. The teleosts include Pterothrissus conchaeformis (Koken, 1885), Synodus sp., Holocentrities ovalis Conrad, 1941, Arnoglossus sp., Centropristis aff. priaboniana Nolf and Stringer, 2003, aff. Scorpaenopsis sp., Aplodinotus distortus Nolf, 2003, Lobodus pedemontanus Costa, 1866, and Lutjanidae indet. These newly recognized taxa provide further insights into Paleogene ecologies in Alabama, as well as the paleobiogeographical distribution and evolutionary history of the species.

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Authors and Affiliations

David J. Cicimurri

Gary L. Stringer

Jun A. Ebersole

Geological Survey of Alabama, 420 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, USA
University of Louisiana at Monroe, 708 University Avenue, Monroe, Louisiana 71209, USA
McWane Science Center, 200 19th Street North, Birmingham, Alabama 35203, USA

6 The impact of water inundation on the geotechnical behaviour of artificial soil made from waste materials: contrasting results in total and effective stress analysis

Łukasz Kaczmarek , Łukasz Krysiak , Kamil Kiełbasiński , Tomasz Szczepański

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2025 | vol. 75 | No 4 (in progress) | e61 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2025.157026

Keywords: Colliery spoils Fluidized bed combustion ash Water content Bender element test Total stress Effective stress Triaxial compression Unsaturated soil

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Abstract

Applying new waste-derived soils to engineering causes challenges related to their specific properties. Colliery spoils and fluidized bed combustion ash used in embankments are particularly sensitive to variation in water content. Triaxial compression and bender element tests were carried out on compacted mixtures under confining stress. Results in total stress analysis indicate a large reduction in cohesion and initial shear modulus after water inundation, while effective stress analysis reveals a smaller impact. A simple numerical FEM simulation shows that the slope stability factor may decrease five-fold or two-fold, depending on the interpretation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Kaczmarek

e-mail:

ORCID:

Łukasz Krysiak

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kamil Kiełbasiński

Tomasz Szczepański

Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Geologii, Warszawa
Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Instalacji Budowlanych, Hydrotechniki i Inżynierii Środowiska, Warszawa

7 Palaeoenvironmental investigation of the Warsaw Ice-Dammed Lake (Central Poland): 7-year cyclicity in the supply of terrigenous material

Artur Teodorski

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2025 | vol. 75 | No 4 (in progress) | e62 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2025.157027

Keywords: Quaternary Saalian Glaciation (MIS 6) Varved clays Magnetic susceptibility Climate changes

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Abstract

The varved clays formed during the Saalian Glaciation (MIS 6) between Dębe and Izbica (northern Mazovia, Central Poland) were subjected to rock magnetic investigation. The studied varved clays represent a record of 110 years. In addition to annual cyclicity, there are other long-term cycles. One lasts 7 years on average and is related to changes in water level within the ice-dammed lake and/or changes in the supply of terrigenous material. This cyclicity is similar in duration to that observed in modern measurements of some parameters of the Earth’s climate system and can be influenced by the internal dynamics of the Earth. Also, the investigated clays were deposited in two sedimentation zones of the lake, distal and proximal. During the first phase of clay sedimentation connected with the distal zone, the shoreline of the ice-dammed lake was in close proximity to the stagnant ice-sheet front, and the lake deepened. The ice-sheet front was to the north of Zakroczym and Dębe and to the north of the Bug valley (Zakroczym phase). Then, the ice-sheet front retreated towards Płońsk and Nasielsk (Nasielsk phase) and a higher amount of terrigenous material was delivered, leading to the deposition of clay in the shallower, proximal zone.

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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Teodorski

University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland