Nauki Techniczne

Archives of Mining Sciences

Zawartość

Archives of Mining Sciences | 2025 | vol. 70 | No 1

Abstrakt

The present study assessed the effectiveness of the ban on the burning of solid fuels in domestic furnaces imposed in Krakow, a city of almost one million people, to reduce particulate emissions. The assessment was carried out based on the database of the Inspectorates for Environmental Protection using data on air concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, O3 and B[a]P. Our analysis showed that between 2010 and 2021, the annual average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2 and B[a]P in Krakow decreased by 42%, 40%, 6%, 50% and 60%, respectively, while the annual mean ozone concentration in the city increased by 21.2%. The largest decreases in air concentrations of PM10 (56%), PM2.5 (55%), B[a]P (71%) and SO2 (75%) were seen in heating seasons. A significant finding from our study was that, as a result of the measures taken, the annual mean concentrations of SO2 and NO2 in Krakow did not exceed the legal limit values for the pollutants in any of the years analysed and that the legal limit value for the annual mean concentration of PM10 was not exceeded since 2019. A negative finding was that the limit/target values for PM2.5, B[a]P and the maximum daily 8-hour mean ozone concentration were not met. Although an anti-smog resolution was implemented in Krakow, the air quality during the analysed period remained poor, particularly in heating seasons, and the goals for reducing pollutant emissions were not achieved. However, while the objectives for reduction in PM10, PM2.5 and B[a]P emissions were not met, the reductions in emission levels achieved in Krakow were significantly better than those seen for the entire Małopolska Province. This undoubtedly results from the gradual reduction in the number of solid fuel furnaces and boilers in Krakow, which in turn led to large reductions in particulate and B[a]P emissions from the municipal and residential sectors. Our analyses showed that while the measures taken yielded good results, it is necessary to introduce other solutions to further reduce air pollution in the city.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Alicja Kicińska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Julia Jawdyńska
1

  1. AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Abstrakt

The production performance of two hoisting systems operating in series at an underground gold mine was evaluated based on several key performance indicators (KPIs). All the KPIs were lower than the mining industry benchmarks, mainly due to lengthy and recurrent machine downtimes. Frequent breakdowns, power cuts, poor maintainability, and shaft flooding were some of the factors affecting the overall performance of these systems, as captured on the developed Fishbone Diagram. The average cycle times were much longer than expected, and the production rates were significantly lower at a 5% significance level than the requisite 160 tonnes per day. There were mismatches in the throughputs of the hoisting systems, indicating an unbalanced hauling process. Therefore, the current maintenance strategy for the hoisting systems warrants review in order to cut downtime. Alternative power sources are needed to complement electricity from the national power grid. The methods, findings, and data analysis techniques applied in this study can be used for evaluating the performance of mining equipment elsewhere, benchmarking and optimisation functions.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Melvin Mununuri Mashingaidze
1
ORCID: ORCID
Pitchou Mukendi Bukasa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Richard T. Mupeti
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Namibia, Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Namibia

Abstrakt

To address the issues of environmental complexity and low positioning accuracy faced by coal mine underground positioning systems, an improved localisation algorithm based on Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) model correction and node collaboration, namely, the RSSI-MCNC (RSSI Model Correction and Node Collaboration) algorithm, is proposed. First, this algorithm employs Kalman filter technology to optimise the collected RSSI values, improving signal stability and range model accuracy. Second, more precise ranging results are achieved by dynamically adjusting the RSSI model parameters to adapt to changes in mining environments. In the localisation stage, the localised unknown nodes are used as cooperative nodes to position other unknown nodes and solve the objective function through the improved weighted centroid algorithm and gradient descent method, precisely locating the unknown nodes. The simulation results indicate that the RSSI-MCNC algorithm can significantly improve the positioning coverage and accuracy of fixed anchor nodes and the random distribution of unknown nodes in mine roadways, especially in the case of limited anchor nodes. This is significant for improving the safety of mine personnel and equipment.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Xin Qiao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fei Chang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jing Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xiuying Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yun Jiang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Chaohu University, School of Electronic Engineering, Chaohu, Anhui, 238000, China
  2. uishang Futures Co. Lt d., Hefei, Anhui, 230061, China

Abstrakt

The stability of rock mass is an important safety issue in the process of deep mining, and the dynamic disturbance caused by excavation and blasting is an important factor affecting the stability of rock mass. To deeply understand the mechanical characteristics and damage mechanisms of deep sandstone after local impact disturbance by high prestresses, a self-developed rock disturbance system was used to carry out disturbance followed by a uniaxial compression test (UCT) on the rock samples. The whole process of UCT was monitored utilising acoustic emission (AE) technology, and the particle size and fractal dimension of debris after sandstone failure were analysed to explore its strength-weakening mechanism. The experimental study elucidated the influence mechanism of the coupled action of disturbance frequency f and impact area s on the strength weakening effect of sandstone, i.e., high prestressing force is the prerequisite and dominant factor of rock strength weakening, while the perturbation f and the s accelerate the induced rock damage. The fractal dimension D can be used to quantitatively evaluate the fragmentation characteristics of sandstone disturbed by local impact (between 1.68 and 2.14), and it shows a good linear increasing trend with the increase of local impact disturbance.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jihe Zhao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jiaxu Jin
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Yanfeng Li
3 4
ORCID: ORCID
Pengfei Wu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Haibo Wang
5
ORCID: ORCID
Yingshuang Shi
6
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Liaoning Technical University, College of Civil Engineering, Fuxin 123000, China
  2. Liaoning Key Laborat ory of Mine Subsidence Disaster Prevention And Control, Fuxin 123000, China
  3. Shenya ng Jianzhu University, School of Transportat ion and Geomat ics Engineering, Shenyang 110168, China
  4. Northeastern University, Key Laborat ory of the Ministry of Educat ion on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Shenyang 110819, China
  5. Anhui University of Science and Technology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Mining Construction Engineering, HuaiNan, Anhui, 232001, China
  6. College of Science, North China Institute of Science & Technology, Yanjiao, 065201, China

Abstrakt

Knowledge of the relationship between the curvature of the terrain and the curvature of the building can be a significant factor in assisting the process of introducing building prophylaxis for existing residential buildings made of traditional technology. Every year, a significant proportion of the costs resulting from the mining damage is spent on repairs to such buildings. In this study, the relationship between the curvature of the terrain and the curvature of two four-storey traditional residential buildings was determined. To this purpose, surveying was carried out for the two selected buildings and the terrain area near the buildings. This allowed us to describe the relationship between the two curvatures. Subsequently, FEM analyses were carried out in the building-substrate system for both buildings. The relationship between the curvatures was determined by the coefficient α and displayed graphically. The determined relationship may in future be a tool to assist in the design process of building prevention solutions for similar existing structures. It must be noted though, that the analyses were limited to a single experiment. More data should be collected from other research facilities to permanently introduce similar simplification solutions into design practice.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Łukasz Kapusta
1
ORCID: ORCID
Leszek Szojda
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Geomatic s and Renewable Energy, al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314, Kielce, Poland
  2. Silesian University of Technology, 2A Akademicka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Abstrakt

The Biga Peninsula is an important region of geothermal resources, heat mining in Western Anatolia. In this study, the modelling of mineral efficiency in hot waters was made with data envelopment analysis for the first time. Gold, silver, and lithium in the geothermal hot water were defined as the outputs, whereas physical properties of the geothermal resource such as temperature, pH level, electrical conductivity, and salinity were defined as the inputs. The output-oriented Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes data envelopment analysis model, which measures the total efficiency, and the output-oriented Banker, Charnes, and Cooper data envelopment analysis model, which measures technical efficiency, were used in the study. A total of 50 models were created –25 with the first model and 25 with the second model – to analyse 21 geothermal resources in the Biga Peninsula. As a result of the analysis of the models, nine geothermal resources were found to have a relative efficiency of 100%. The average technical efficiency score in the Banker, Charnes, and Cooper model was 70%, whereas the average total efficiency score in the Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes model was 68.5%. It was found that data envelopment analysis can be used to model geothermal resources in mineral operations.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Zeki Karaca
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elif Ozturk Beigmohammadi
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Maine, Depa rtment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Orono, Me, 04469, United States
  2. University of Agder, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norway

Abstrakt

The time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) and static transmission error (STE) are the main dynamic load excitation forms in the shearer cutting section gearbox (SCSG). The gearbox comprises two-stage planetary gear sets and multi-stage parallel gear sets. The structure of the multi-stage transmission and its rich internal dynamic excitation result in unique and complex dynamic behavior. In this paper, a coupled mechatronic integration dynamic model for SCSG and motor is developed, in which the multi-stage coupling excitation effects caused by gear mesh stiffness and static transmission error are fully simulated, thereby clarifying the interaction mechanism between the motor and transmission system. Based on the simulation model, the dynamic load characteristics of the SCSG are studied. The results show that ­load-sharing performance is improved with the increases of drum torque in the planetary gear sets (PGSs), which indicates that the load-sharing performance of the planetary gears can be effectively guaranteed in the process of increasing the coal mining rate. Through the combination of numerical simulation and experimental research, it is verified that the simulated signals are consistent with the experimental data for motor current. Meanwhile, relying on the proposed mechatronics model, extensive vibration information of the gearbox can be identified through the stator current signal. These results reference the vibration response analysis and signal monitoring of complex transmission systems.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Wenjia Lu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yimin Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zunling Du
1
ORCID: ORCID
Weibo Huang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Zhaoqing University, College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Zhaoqing, China

Abstrakt

The content of the paper involves a method for analyzing stochastic processes using marginal distribution functions. In the introductory section, the scope of the work was defined, the subject of the research was specified, and an example stochastic process was adopted to illustrate the developed method.

The procedure for determining conditional distribution functions and marginal distribution functions of the process duration for an undetermined workforce was characterized.

The potential applications of the obtained results were described, and final conclusions were formulated.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Aneta Napieraj
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ryszard Snopkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marta Sukiennik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

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Archives of Mining Sciences (AMS) is concerned with original research, new developments and case studies in all fields of mining sciences which include:

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- stability of mine workings,

- rock mechanics,

- geotechnical engineering and tunnelling,

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Papers are welcomed on all relevant topics and especially on theoretical developments, analytical methods, numerical methods, rock testing, site investigation, and case studies.


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References should be typed on separate pages and numbered consecutively applying the system accepted by the Quarterly (initials and names all authors, title of the article (obligatory), journal title [abbreviated according to the Journal Title Abbreviations of Web of Science: http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/ everyone abbreviation should be end with a dot - example. Arch. Metall. Mater.] or book title; journal volume or book publisher; page spread; publication year in bracket, full DOI number).

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Samples

Journals:

[1] L.B. Magalas, Development of High-Resolution Mechanical Spectroscopy, HRMS: Status and Perspectives. HRMS Coupled with a Laser Dilatometer . Arch. Metall. Mater. 60 (3), 2069-2076 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/AMM-2015-0350

[2] E. Pagounis, M.J. Szczerba, R. Chulist, M. Laufenberg, Large Magnetic Field-Induced Work output in a NiMgGa Seven-Lavered Modulated Martensite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 152407 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4933303

[3] H. Etschmaier, H. Torwesten, H. Eder, P. Hadley, Suppression of Interdiffusion in Copper/Tin thin Films. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2012). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0090-2.

Books:

[4] K.U. Kainer (Ed.), Metal Matrix Composites, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2006).

[5] K. Szacilowski, Infochemistry: Information Processing at the Nanoscale, Wiley (2012).

[6] L. Reimer, H. Kohl, Transmission Electron Microscopy: Physics of Image Formation, Springer, New York (2008).

Proceedings or chapter in books with editor(s):

[7] R. Major, P. Lacki, R. Kustosz, J. M. Lackner, Modelling of nanoindentation to simulate thin layer behavior, in: K. J. Kurzydłowski, B. Major, P. Zięba (Eds.), Foundation of Materials Design 2006, Research Signpost (2006).

Internet resource:

[8] https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/crystallographic-databases, accessed: 17.04.2017

Academic thesis (PhD, MSc):

[9] T. Mitra, PhD thesis, Modeling of Burden Distribution in the Blast Furnace, Abo Akademi University, Turku/Abo, Finland (2016).


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