Medical sciences

Folia Medica Cracoviensia

ISSN

ISSN 0015-5616

Publishers

Oddział PAN w Krakowie; Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum

Editorial Board:

Editor-in-Chief
dr hab. Krzysztof Gil, prof. UJ, Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
ORCID 0000-0002-4732-7698

Vice Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Andrzej Surdacki, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
ORCID 0000-0001-7949-3140

Secretary Editor
Prof. Beata Kuśnierz – Cabala, Department of Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
ORCID 0000-0001-8639-5688

Editorial Board Members:

Prof. Benjamin Chain, Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, England

Prof. Paul Enck, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen Germany

Prof. Tomasz Grodzicki, Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Kalina Kawecka-Jaszcz, 1st Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Maciej Małecki, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Janusz Marcinkiewicz, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Franz H. Messerli, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, University of Bern, Switzerland and Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health Center, New York, USA

Prof. Jacek Musiał, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Wiesław Pawlik, Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Jacek J. Pietrzyk, 1st Department of Children's Diseases and the Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Władysław Sułowicz, Department of Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Prof. Jerzy A. Walocha, Department of Anatomy, ,Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Adres redakcji
ul. Czysta 18
31-121 Kraków
e-mail: folmedcrac@pan.pl

Volumes
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Content

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2024 | vol. 64 | No 2

1 The interplay between diet and the enteric nervous system in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer

Wojciech Michał Jankowski , Jakub Fichna , Aleksandra Tarasiuk-Zawadzka

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2024 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 5-16 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2024.150147

Keywords: carcinogenesis colorectal cancer diet enteric nervous system neuromodulation perivascular invasion

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide, with 1.9 million new cases reported annually. Notwithstanding the progress made in the field of therapeutic modalities and the advent of early diagnosis, CRC continues to represent the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The interactions between cancer cells and enteric nervous system (ENS) neurons are of great importance for the prevention and/or progression of CRC. Dietary factors play an important role in regulating both processes. The consumption of foods rich in polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, and the use of probiotics has been shown to promote proper ENS function, which in turn has been demonstrated to indirectly inhibit the development or progression of CRC. Conversely, a diet comprising a high proportion of saturated fats and refined sugars can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, which exacerbates the disease. Nutritional education and dietary modifications can reduce the incidence of new cases of CRC and improve prognosis. Further research into the potential anti- or pro-cancer effects of food substances is recommended.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Michał Jankowski

Jakub Fichna

Aleksandra Tarasiuk-Zawadzka

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łodź, Poland

2 How to teach students of medical and biological sciences electrophoresis in the spirit of physical chemistry — a laboratory exercise scenario

Kamil Kamiński , Joanna Grudzień , Marta Kaczor-Kamińska

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2024 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 17-28 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2024.150148

Keywords: First-year undergraduate/general problem solving/decision making electrophoresis dyes laboratory scenario medical education

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Abstract

Gel electrophoresis is one of the most important and most widely used tools in biomedical sciences. However, when students are acquainted with these techniques, information related to practical applications often neglects the physicochemical foundations of the occurring phenomena. The following article proposes a laboratory exercises scenario conducted in the problem-solving and decision-making strategies, which aims to familiarize beginner students with the physicochemical basis of electrophoresis in a simple and accessible way. By analyzing the scheme presented, students will gain knowledge of the basic sciences, as they will learn about the advantages and limitations of the method in addition to its applications. The experiments are designed in a way that allows students to draw conclusions about the parameters affecting the electrophoresis process and the sources of obvious errors. Moreover, the use of simple ionic dyes eliminates the need for complex apparatus and toxic reagents, which may be harmful. The main outcome of the class is to develop students’ skill to design their own simple experiments using this commonly used technique.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kamil Kamiński

Joanna Grudzień

Marta Kaczor-Kamińska

Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Krakow, Poland
Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Krakow, Poland

3 Ability assessment of the craniofacial structures radiological anatomy on panoramic radiography among dental student during pandemic of COVID-19. Ability assessment on OPG among dental student during pandemic of COVID-19

Jakub Majewski , Dominika Qarashouli , Zuzanna Kazibudzka , Klaudia Ciach , Patrycja Kurzawa , Klaudia Orłowska , Julia Janas , Bartosz Ciapała , Jolanta E. Loster , Aneta Wieczorek

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2024 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 29-40 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2024.150149

Keywords: Orthopantomogram Dental Radiology articular angle panoramic technique errors education university

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Abstract

Orthopantomography (OPG) is a routine imaging method in dental practice and an essential diagnostic tool in dentistry. However, OPGs are challenging to interpret due to many overlapping structures. Graduates of dental schools should be aware of image distortions caused by various factors and be able to distinguish them from typical structures to make an accurate diagnosis. The aim was to determine the correlation between the knowledge regarding the location of craniofacial structures of the 1st through 3rdyear dental students and the ability to recognized them on OPGs. The study was conducted in 2021 on 131 dental students using the Microsoft Teams program. Each participant had to determine the location of 4 anthropometric points on 4 OPGs. Using proprietary software, the authors determined the Articular angle between them. The researchers performed the statistical analysis. The Bioethics Committee approved the research. The results of students from particular years of studies did not show statistical significance. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females. Only the answers from third-year male students regarding the one Articular angle showed statistically significant differences compared to the rest of the participants.
Recognizing joint structures on OPG is very important from the clinical point of view, although it is often overlooked in diagnostics. Students in the first years of dental school acquire the ability to assess and analyze TMJ on OPGs properly. OPGs have many advantages, including high availability, low cost and low radiation dose. In conclusion we can say that in the first three years of studies, dental students’ image assessment skills in the craniofacial radiology field remain the same.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Majewski

Dominika Qarashouli

Zuzanna Kazibudzka

Klaudia Ciach

Patrycja Kurzawa

Klaudia Orłowska

Julia Janas

Bartosz Ciapała

Jolanta E. Loster

Aneta Wieczorek

Student Research Group, Department of Prosthodontics and Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Department of Prosthodontics and Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Student Scientific Society, Department of Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine,Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Department of Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

4 Human Papillomavirus, Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, and Quantitative Blood Loss at Delivery

Makayla Mozey , Joshua Fogel , Petr Itzhak

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2024 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 41-50 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2024.150150

Keywords: human papillomavirus viruses postpartum hemorrhage uterine cervical dysplasia

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Abstract

Studies using estimated blood loss show the association of either human papillomavirus (HPV) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). We study the association of HPV or CIN with either blood loss or PPH as measured by the more precise measure of quantitative blood loss (QBL). We retrospectively studied 2,334 peripartum women with a documented Pap smear prior to delivery. The main predictor variable had categories for HPV and CIN as compared to normal cytology. Covariates included demographics, medical/surgical history, and pregnancy variables. Model 1 included the whole sample. Model 2 included only those with an operative vaginal delivery or a cesarean delivery. Outcome measures were QBL and PPH measured by QBL. We found in model 1 that those HPV positive and those with CIN were each not significantly associated with QBL. In model 2, those HPV positive were significantly associated with increased QBL (B = 0.11, SE = 0.05, p = 0.047), while CIN was not significantly associated with QBL. In model 1, those HPV positive and those with CIN were each not significantly associated with PPH. In model 2, those HPV positive were significantly associated with increased odds for PPH (OR:11.03, 9% CI:1.77, 68.74, p = 0.01) while CIN was not significantly associated with PPH. In conclusion, the presence of HPV was positively associated with an increase in the QBL and PPH at time of delivery for those with operative vaginal and cesarean deliveries. We suggest that clinicians take HPV results of Pap smears into consideration when considering a patient’s risk of PPH.

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Authors and Affiliations

Makayla Mozey

Joshua Fogel

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Petr Itzhak

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA
Department of Management, Marketing, and Entrepreneurship, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, USA

5 Complications after Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy in glaucoma treatment — literature review

Martyna Wrześniewska , Maciej Dyda , Paweł Skowron , Paulina Tomecka , Katarzyna Zontek , Kinga Brawańska , Hanna Zając-Pytrus , Magdalena Krol

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2024 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 51-62 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2024.150151

Keywords: glaucoma GATT IOP gonioscopy trabeculotomy

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Abstract

Glaucoma is a disease that leads to optic nerve damage and irreversible loss of the visual field. Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery technique, where the surgeon opens the trabecular network and Schlemm’s canal to improve the outflow of the aqueous humor. This method has shown efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure in patients with primary and secondary glaucoma. GATT has gained popularity due to its minimally invasive nature, compatibility with cataract surgery and relatively low cost. Despite its advantages, the procedure can be associated with many complications such as hyphema, intraocular pressure spikes and corneal edema. In rare cases, it can lead to Descemet’s membrane detachment or cystoid macular edema. The success of GATT procedure mostly depends on the surgeon’s skill and experience, but also on the patient’s risk factors, including age and preoperative intraocular pressure levels. Further studies are required to understand long outcomes and identify the patients, who may be at higher risk of complications.

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Authors and Affiliations

Martyna Wrześniewska

Maciej Dyda

Paweł Skowron

Paulina Tomecka

Katarzyna Zontek

Kinga Brawańska

Hanna Zając-Pytrus

1 2

Magdalena Krol

Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

6 Origin of median sacral artery with fourth pair of lumbar artery — an alert for spine surgeons and interventionalists: A case report and mini literature review

Dibakar Borthakur , Rajesh Kumar , Khusru Nomani , Seema Singh

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2024 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 63-68 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2024.150152

Keywords: lumbar artery lumbar spine median sacral artery

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Abstract

The median sacral artery (MSA) is the single unpaired dorsal branch of the abdominal aorta. The present case describes the relatively unusual origin of the median sacral artery in common with the fourth pair of lumbar arteries via a common trunk in a 74-year-old male cadaver. Unusual common trunk is prone for iatrogenic injury in surgeries of the lumbar and pelvic region. Owing to the deep seated nature of MSA close to the periosteum of lumbar vertebrae and sacrum, detection of accidental rupture of MSA and ligation thereof becomes a difficult task. MSA is also increasingly being utilized for intra-arterial embolization of pelvic tumours. The proximal portion of the common origin may at times undergo cone shaped dilatation which is referred to as infundibulum or infundibular dilatation and can also transform into aneurysm later. Knowledge of this variation is imperative for spine and pelvic surgeons to avoid unwanted complications.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dibakar Borthakur

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rajesh Kumar

e-mail:

ORCID:

Khusru Nomani

e-mail:

ORCID:

Seema Singh

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
Maharshi Devraha Baba Autonomous State Medical College, Deoria, India

7 Organizing pneumonia associated with Richter transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature

Wiktoria Grycuk , Renata Langfort , Grzegorz Rymkiewicz , Laretta Grabowska-Derlatka , Piotr Korczyński , Krzysztof Jamroziak , Joanna Drozd-Sokołowska

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2024 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 69-76 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2024.150153

Keywords: organizing pneumonia pulmonary infiltrates chronic lymphocytic leukemia Richter transformation

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Abstract

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is defined histologically by the presence of granulation tissue within alveolar ducts and alveoli. Recently, several lymphoid neoplasms have been implicated as a risk factor for OP, however, OP as a primary manifestation of malignancy transformation has not been widely reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of a patient with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who presented with weight loss, low-grade fever, lymphadenopathy, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates revealed in imaging studies. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy showed CLL cells within the pulmonary vessels and areas of OP in the lung parenchyma. Subsequent lymph nodes biopsies were consistent with CLL transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of OP associated with CLL transformation into DLBCL. This case suggests that OP could represent a form of immunological reaction to ongoing Richter transformation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wiktoria Grycuk

1 2

Renata Langfort

Grzegorz Rymkiewicz

Laretta Grabowska-Derlatka

Piotr Korczyński

Krzysztof Jamroziak

Joanna Drozd-Sokołowska

Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Pathology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Cancer Pathomorphology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
Second Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

8 Effects of Chronic Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Nociceptive Responses to Mechanical and Thermal Stimuli in Rats

Magdalena Krol , Michał Jurczyk , Paweł Skowron , Paulina Stach , Kamil Skowron , Aleksandra Midro , Agnieszka Baranowska-Chowaniec , Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka , Krzysztof Gil

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2024 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 77-86 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2024.150154

Keywords: fetal alcohol spectrum disorders prenatal alcohol exposure pain perception Von Frey test HotPlate test

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Abstract

The present study sought to investigate the effects of chronic prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on nociceptive responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli in rats. The Von Frey and Hot Plate tests were employed to assess the nociceptive responses of 10 control rats and 7 experimental rats whose mothers had been administered ethanol from day 5 to day 20 of gestation. In healthy animals, a decrease in pain sensitivity was observed between days 28 and 70, which was not observed in the experimental group. The findings also indicated that rats with PAE exhibited diminished sensitivity to nociceptive stimuli during the early postnatal period, as evidenced by a higher threshold response to mechanical stimuli at day 28 than in the control group. However, those observations did not apply to thermal stimuli. It appears that this may be a result of distinctiveness in neural pain pathways for particular stimuli at the receptor or ion channel level, while a disruption in the equilibrium between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems may be a contributing factor. The results of this study highlight a critical aspect of the harmful systemic effects of alcohol, while also underscoring the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, including the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the serotonergic system in modulating pain responses in individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Krol

Michał Jurczyk

Paweł Skowron

Paulina Stach

Kamil Skowron

Aleksandra Midro

Agnieszka Baranowska-Chowaniec

Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka

Krzysztof Gil

Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland

9 Use of autologous dentin matrix in bone defects augmentation — a literature review

Ewa Wysłouch , Artur Sipika , Natalia Grabowska-Jasik , Michał Tyrakowski , Tomasz Kaczmarzyk , Mariusz Szuta

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2024 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 87-91 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2024.150155

Keywords: autologous dentin matrix tooth-derived matrix dentin graft biomaterials tooth graft demineralized dentin matrix PRF sticky tooth

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Abstract

A number of regenerative materials are currently used to regenerate or preserve the alveolar process. One of these is autogenous dentin matrix. With many valuable properties such as easy availability, simple preparation, low cost, low risk of disease transmission and no risk of triggering an immune response against the graft, autogenous dentin matrix appears to be a very good material of choice. The following article is intended to provide an overview of the use of autogenous dentin matrix.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Wysłouch

Artur Sipika

Natalia Grabowska-Jasik

Michał Tyrakowski

Tomasz Kaczmarzyk

Mariusz Szuta

Oral Surgery Department, Dental Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

10 Alcohol-associated liver disease — a current overview

Krystian Mirowski , Barbara Balicka-Ślusarczyk , Piotr Hydzik , Małgorzata Zwolińska-Wcisło

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2024 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 93-104 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2024.150156

Keywords: alcohol-associated liver disease alcohol-related liver disease ALD ARLD alcoholic steatosis alcoholic fatty liver alcoholic hepatitis alcoholic liver cirrhosis

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Abstract

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remains a major and increasingly pressing concern in hepatology. ALD includes spectrum of conditions, each with unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Excessive alcohol intake is a leading preventable cause of physical harm, including ALD. The pathogenesis of ALD involves oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism disruptions, with genetic predispositions playing a major role. ALD progresses from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, and finally liver cirrhosis, which is marked by severe fibrosis and impaired liver function. Advanced ALD stages, particularly alcoholic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, are characterized by high mortality rates. Management of ALD primarily involves strict abstinence from alcohol, which can reverse early-stage disease or halt progression. Nutritional support, vitamin supplementation, and symptomatic treatment are also essential. Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for alcoholic liver cirrhosis, but it is difficult for patients with a history of alcohol abuse to qualify for the procedure. Epidemiological data indicate a growing burden of ALD, especially among younger populations, exacerbated by increased alcohol consumption trends and the COVID-19 pandemic’s influence on drinking behaviors. Despite ALD’s significant impact, current therapies are limited, highlighting the need for innovative treatments and comprehensive patient management strategies. Individualized care, enhanced epidemiological research, and new therapeutic approaches are crucial to improving outcomes for ALD patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krystian Mirowski

Barbara Balicka-Ślusarczyk

Piotr Hydzik

Małgorzata Zwolińska-Wcisło

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Department of Toxicology and Environmental Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

Instructions for authors

Manuscripts will be considered for publication in the form of Original Articles or Reviews. Submitted work must comply with ethical policy, which is based on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on good publication. (http://publicationethics.org/). Only manuscripts that are previously unpublished, and are not offered simultaneously elsewhere will be considered.
SUBMISSION
Folia Medica Cracoviensia only accepts electronic submission via e-mail at folmedcrac@pan.pl. Manuscripts will be assigned a unique manuscript number that must be quoted in correspondence. Papers and Reviews are refereed by experts in the field; the Editors reserve the right to reject an article without review. Please submit your covering letter or comments to the Editor as well as the names of two potential referees (including name, affiliation, and e-mail address). Currently, Authors have the only option to publish their articles in printed version. The online version will be available soon.
Original Articles
Original Articles describe the results of basic or clinical studies. The length of all Original Articles is limited to 6000 words, excluding acknowledgements and disclosures, references, tables, figures, table legends and figure legends. Please limit the number of figures and tables to a maximum of eight (e.g. four figures and four tables). Color figures can be included as necessary; however authors will be charged a fee (for details please contact editorial office).
Review Articles
Topical reviews of basic or clinical areas are invited by the Editor. Manuscript length is limited to 5000 words and 50 references. All Review articles are subject to review.
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The Folia Medica Cracoviensia uses American spelling. Authors for whom English is a second language may choose to have their manuscript professionally edited before submission to improve the English.

The complete set of instructions for Authors can be downloaded here as a PDF file: http://www.fmc.cm-uj.krakow.pl/pdf/Author_Guidelines_Folia_2017_Jul_31_KG1.pdf