Details
Title
Permeability, compressive strength and Proctor parameters of silts stabilised by Portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)Journal title
Archive of Mechanical EngineeringYearbook
2022Volume
vol. 69Issue
No 4Affiliation
Lindh, Per : Swedish Transport Administration, Malmö, Sweden ; Lindh, Per : Lund University (Lunds Tekniska Högskola, LTH), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Materials, Lund, Sweden ; Lemenkova, Polina : Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles (Brussels Faculty of Engineering), Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Brussels, BelgiumAuthors
Keywords
permeability ; porosity ; compactness ; compressive strength ; cementDivisions of PAS
Nauki TechniczneCoverage
667-692Publisher
Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee on Machine BuildingBibliography
[1] J.-M. Bian and B.-T. Wang. Study on shear strength of unsaturated soils based on the saturated soils. In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE), pages 2656–2659, 2011. doi: 10.1109/ICETCE.2011.5775686.[2] J. Jin. Research of soil compactness tested by instant vibration method. In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE), pages 585–588, 2011. doi: 10.1109/ICETCE.2011.5774579.
[3] J. Wu, G. Yang, X. Wang, and W. Li. PZT-based soil compactness measuring sheet using electromechanical impedance. IEEE Sensors Journal, 20(17):10240–10250, 2020. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2020.2991580.
[4] X. Wang, X. Dong, Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, G. Ma, and X. Yang. Compaction quality evaluation of subgrade based on soil characteristics assessment using machine learning. Transportation Geotechnics, 32:100703, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2021.100703.
[5] Z. Gao and J. Chai. Method for predicting unsaturated permeability using basic soil properties. Transportation Geotechnics, 34:100754, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2022.100754.
[6] C.E. Choong, K T.Wong, S.B. Jang, J.-Y. Song, S.-G. An, C.-W. Kang, Y. Yoon, and M. Jang. Soil permeability enhancement using pneumatic fracturing coupled by vacuum extraction for in-situ remediation: Pilot-scale tests with an artificial neural network model. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10(1):107075, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.107075.
[7] L. Pohl, A. Kölbl, D. Uteau, S. Peth, W. Häusler, L. Mosley, P. Marschner, R. Fitzpatrick, and I. Kögel-Knabner. Porosity and organic matter distribution in jarositic phyto tubules of sulfuric soils assessed by combined μCT and NanoSIMS analysis. Geoderma, 399:115124, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115124.
[8] W. Zhang, R. Bai, X. Xu, and W. Liu. An evaluation of soil thermal conductivity models based on the porosity and degree of saturation and a proposal of a new improved model. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 129:105738, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105738.
[9] F.R.A. Ziegler-Rivera, B. Prado, A. Gastelum-Strozzi, J. Márquez, L. Mora, A. Robles, and B. González. Computed tomography assessment of soil and sediment porosity modifications from exposure to an acid copper sulfate solution. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 108:103194, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103194.
[10] B.C. Ball. Pore characteristics of soils from two cultivation experiments as shown by gas diffusivities and permeabilities and air-filled porosities. European Journal of Soil Science, 32(4):483–498, 1981. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1981.tb01724.x.
[11] S. Deviren Saygin, F. Arı, Ç. Temiz, S. Arslan, M.A. Ünal, and G. Erpul. Analysis of soil cohesion by fluidized bed methodology using integrable differential pressure sensors for a wide range of soil textures. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 191:106525, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106525.
[12] Y. Kim, A. Satyanaga, H. Rahardjo, H. Park, and A.W.L. Sham. Estimation of effective cohesion using artificial neural networks based on index soil properties: A Singapore case. Engineering Geology, 289:106163, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106163.
[13] V. Marzulli, C.S. Sandeep, K. Senetakis, F. Cafaro, and T. Pöschel. Scale and water effects on the friction angles of two granular soils with different roughness. Powder Technology, 377:813–826, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.09.060.
[14] J. Zou, G. Chen, and Z. Qian. Tunnel face stability in cohesion-frictional soils considering the soil arching effect by improved failure models. Computers and Geotechnics, 106:1–17, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.10.014.
[15] A. Kaya. Relating equal smectite content and basal spacing to the residual friction angle of soils. Engineering Geology, 108(3):252–258, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.06.013.
[16] Y. Wang and O.V. Akeju. Quantifying the cross-correlation between effective cohesion and friction angle of soil from limited site-specific data. Soils and Foundations, 56(6):1055–1070, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2016.11.009.
[17] E. Stockton, B.A. Leshchinsky, M.J. Olsen, and T.M. Evans. Influence of both anisotropic friction and cohesion on the formation of tension cracks and stability of slopes. Engineering Geology, 249:31–44, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.12.016.
[18] J. Ye. 3D liquefaction criteria for seabed considering the cohesion and friction of soil. Applied Ocean Research, 37:111–119, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.apor.2012.04.004.
[19] M. Ohno and K. Fukai. Pavement construction work of a road surface by soil cement concrete that used construction remainder soil. In Proceedings First International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, pages 638–641, 1999. doi: 10.1109/ECODIM.1999.747690.
[20] J. Ling,Y.Yang, Z. Ma, and G.Yang. Engineering properties and treatment of hydraulically reclaimed saline soil in coastal area. In 2014 Sixth International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, pages 275–278, 2014. doi: 10.1109/ICMTMA.2014.69.
[21] P.P. Kulkarni and J.N. Mandal. Strength evaluation of soil stabilized with nano silica- cement mixes as road construction material. Construction and Building Materials, 314:125363, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125363.
[22] T. Zhang, S. Liu, H. Zhan, C. Ma, and G. Cai. Durability of silty soil stabilized with recycled lignin for sustainable engineering materials. Journal of Cleaner Production, 248:119293, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119293.
[23] R.W. Day. Soil Testing Manual: Procedures, Classification Data, and Sampling Practices. McGraw Hill Inc., New York, U.S., 2001.
[24] T. Davis. Geotechnical Testing, Observation, and Documentation. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia, U.S., 2 edition, 2008.
[25] D. Hillel. Fundamentals of Soil Physics. Academic Press, New York, U.S., 1 edition, 1980.
[26] L.A.P. Barbosa, K.M. Gerke, and H.H. Gerke. Modelling of soil mechanical stability and hydraulic permeability of the interface between coated biopore and matrix pore regions. Geoderma, 410:115673, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115673.
[27] I.I. Obianyo, E.N. Anosike-Francis, G.O. Ihekweme, Y. Geng, R. Jin, A.P. Onwualu, and A.B. O. Soboyejo. Multivariate regression models for predicting the compressive strength of bone ash stabilized lateritic soil for sustainable building. Construction and Building Materials, 263:120677, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120677.
[28] L. Bakaiyang, J. Madjadoumbaye, Y. Boussafir, F. Szymkiewicz, and M. Duc. Re-use in road construction of a Karal-type clay-rich soil from North Cameroon after a lime/cement mixed treatment using two different limes. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 15:e00626, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00626.
[29] Z. Han, S.K. Vanapalli, J-P. Ren, and W-L. Zou. Characterizing cyclic and static moduli and strength of compacted pavement subgrade soils considering moisture variation. Soils and Foundations, 58(5):1187–1199, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2018.06.003.
[30] I. Kamal and Y. Bas. Materials and technologies in road pavements - an overview. Materials Today: Proceedings; 3rd International Conference on Materials Engineering & Science, 42:2660–2667, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.643.
[31] R. Jauberthie, F. Rendell, D. Rangeard, and L. Molez. Stabilisation of estuarine silt with lime and/or cement. Applied Clay Science, 50(3):395–400, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2010.09.004.
[32] P. Lindh and P. Lemenkova. Resonant frequency ultrasonic P-waves for evaluating uniaxial compressive strength of the stabilized slag–cement sediments. Nordic Concrete Research, 65:39–62, 2021. doi: 10.2478/ncr-2021-0012">10.2478/ncr-2021-0012">10.2478/ncr-2021-0012.
[33] M. Arabi and S. Wild. Property changes induced in clay soils when using lime stabilization. Municipal Engineer, 6:85–99, 1989.
[34] P. Lindh. Compaction- and strength properties of stabilised and unstabilised fine-grained tills. PhD thesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 2004.
[35] C. Liu and R.D. Starcher. Effects of curing conditions on unconfined compressive strength of cement- and cement-fiber-improved soft soils. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 25(8):1134–1141, 2013. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000575.
[36] P.J. Venda Oliveira, A.A.S. Correia, and M.R. Garcia. Effect of organic matter content and curing conditions on the creep behavior of an artificially stabilized soil. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 24(7):868–875, 2012. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000454.
[37] H. Ghasemzadeh, A. Mehrpajouh, M. Pishvaei, and M. Mirzababaei. Effects of curing method and glass transition temperature on the unconfined compressive strength of acrylic liquid polymer-stabilized kaolinite. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 32 (8):04020212, 2020. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003287.
[38] A. Aldaood, M. Bouasker, and M. Al-Mukhtar. Effect of the temperature and curing time on the water transfer of lime stabilized gypseous soil. In Poromechanics V: Proceedings of the Fifth Biot Conference on Poromechanics, pages 2325–2333, 2013. doi: 10.1061/9780784412992.272.
[39] H. Yu, J. Yin, A. Soleimanbeigi, and W.J. Likos. Effects of curing time and fly ash content on properties of stabilized dredged material. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29(10):04017199, 2017. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002032.
[40] W.-S. Oh and Ta-H. Kim. Dependence of the material properties of lightweight cemented soil on the curing temperature. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 26(7):06014008, 2014. doi: 10.1061/ (ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000940.
[41] I.L. Howard and B.K. Anderson. Time-dependent properties of very high moisture content fine grained soils stabilized with portland and slag cement. In Geotechnical Frontiers 2017, pages 891–899, 2017. doi: 10.1061/9780784480472.095.
[42] N.C. Consoli, R.C. Cruz, and M.F. Floss. Variables controlling strength of artificially cemented sand: Influence of curing time. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23(5):692–696, 2011. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000205.
[43] A.T.M.Z. Rabbi and J.Kuwano. Effect of curing time and confining pressure on the mechanical properties of cement-treated sand. In GeoCongress 2012: State of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering, pages 996–1005, 2012. doi: 10.1061/9780784412121.103.
[44] S. Chaiyaput, N. Arwaedo, N. Kingnoi, T. Nghia-Nguyen, and J. Ayawanna. Effect of curing conditions on the strength of soil cement. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 16:e01082, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01082.
[45] P. Lindh and P. Lemenkova. Geochemical tests to study the effects of cement ratio on potassium and TBT leaching and the pH of the marine sediments from the Kattegat Strait, Port of Gothenburg, Sweden. Baltica, 35(1):47–59, 2022. doi: 10.5200/baltica.2022.1.4.
[46] A.A. Amadi and A.S. Osu. Effect of curing time on strength development in black cotton soil – quarry fines composite stabilized with cement kiln dust (CKD). Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, 30(4):305–312, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.jksues.2016.04.001.
[47] D.Wang, R. Zentar, and N.E. Abriak. Temperature-accelerated strength development in stabilized marine soils as road construction materials. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 29(5):04016281, 2017. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001778.
[48] B. Rekik, M. Boutouil, and A. Pantet. Geotechnical properties of cement treated sediment: influence of the organic matter and cement contents. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 3(2):205–214, 2009. doi: 10.3328/IJGE.2009.03.02.205-214.
[49] E.O. Tastan, T.B. Edil, C.H. Benson, and A.H. Aydilek. Stabilization of organic soils with fly ash. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 137(9):819–833, 2011. doi: 10.1061/ (ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000502.
[50] H. Hasan, H. Khabbaz, and B. Fatahi. Impact of quicklime and fly ash on the geotechnical properties of expansive clay. In Geo-China 2016: Advances in Pavement Engineering and Ground Improvement, pages 93–100, 2016. doi: 10.1061/9780784480014.012.
[51] P. Solanki, N. Khoury, and M. Zaman. Engineering behavior and microstructure of soil stabilized with cement kiln dust. In Geo-Denver 2007: Soil Improvement, pages 1–10, 2007. doi: 10.1061/40916(235)6.
[52] P. Lindh and P. Lemenkova. Evaluation of different binder combinations of cement, slag and CKD for s/s treatment of TBT contaminated sediments. Acta Mechanica et Automatica, 15(4):236–248, 2021. doi: 10.2478/ama-2021-0030.
[53] A. Arulrajah, A. Mohammadinia, A. D’Amico, and S. Horpibulsuk. Effect of lime kiln dust as an alternative binder in the stabilization of construction and demolition materials. Construction and Building Materials, 152:999–1007, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.070.
[54] X. Bian, L. Zeng, X. Li, X. Shi, S. Zhou, and F. Li. Fabric changes induced by super-absorbent polymer on cement–lime stabilized excavated clayey soil. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 13(5):1124–1135, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.03.006.
[55] S. Andavan and V.K. Pagadala. A study on soil stabilization by addition of fly ash and lime. Materials Today: Proceedings; International Conference on Materials Engineering and Characterization 2019, 22:1125–1129, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.323.
[56] P. Indiramma, Ch. Sudharani, and S. Needhidasan. Utilization of fly ash and lime to stabilize the expansive soil and to sustain pollution free environment – an experimental study. Materials Today: Proceedings; International Conference on Materials Engineering and Characterization 2019, 22:694–700, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.09.147.
[57] C.A. Mozejko and F.M. Francisca. Enhanced mechanical behavior of compacted clayey silts stabilized by reusing steel slag. Construction and Building Materials, 239:117901, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117901.
[58] M.P. Durante Ingunza, K.L. de Araújo Pereira, and O F. dos Santos Junior. Use of sludge ash as a stabilizing additive in soil-cement mixtures for use in road pavements. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27(7):06014027, 2015. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001168.
[59] M.M. Al-Sharif and M.F. Attom. The use of burned sludge as a new soil stabilizing agent. In National Conference Environmental and Pipeline Engineering 2000, pages 378–388, 2000. doi: 10.1061/40507(282)42.
[60] P. Lindh. Optimizing binder blends for shallow stabilisation of fine-grained soils. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, 5(1):23–34, 2001. doi: 10.1680/grim.2001.5.1.23.
[61] A. Ahmed. Compressive strength and microstructure of soft clay soil stabilized with recycled bassanite. Applied Clay Science, 104:27–35, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2014.11.031.
[62] P. Lindh and M.G. Winter. Sample preparation effects on the compaction properties of Swedish fine-grained tills. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 36(4):321–330, 2003. doi: 10.1144/1470-9236/03-018.
[63] P. Xu, Q. Zhang, H. Qian, M. Li, and F. Yang. An investigation into the relationship between saturated permeability and microstructure of remolded loess: A case study from Chinese Loess Plateau. Geoderma, 382:114774, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114774.
[64] A. Anagnostopoulos, G. Koukis, N. Sabatakakis, and G. Tsiambaos. Empirical correlations of soil parameters based on Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) for Greek soils. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 21:377–387, 2003. doi: 10.1023/B:GEGE.0000006064.47819.1a.
[65] H. Källén, A. Heyden, K. Åström, and P. Lindh. Measuring and evaluating bitumen coverage of stones using two different digital image analysis methods. Measurement, 84:56–67, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2016.02.007.
[66] V. Lemenkov and P. Lemenkova. Measuring equivalent cohesion Ceq of the frozen soils by compression strength using kriolab equipment. Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports, 31(2):63–84, 2021. doi: 10.2478/ceer-2021-0020.
[67] X. Huang, R. Horn, and T. Ren. Soil structure effects on deformation, pore water pressure, and consequences for air permeability during compaction and subsequent shearing. Geoderma, 406:115452, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115452.
[68] W. Kongkitkul, T. Saisawang, P. Thitithavoranan, P. Kaewluan, and T. Posribink. Correlations between the surface stiffness evaluated by light-weight deflectometer and degree of compaction. In Geo-Shanghai 2014: Tunneling and Underground Construction, pages 65–75, 2014. doi: 10.1061/9780784413449.007.
[69] K. Lee, M. Prezzi, and N. Kim. Subgrade design parameters from samples prepared with different compaction methods. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 133(2):82–89, 2007. doi: 10.1061/ (ASCE)0733-947X(2007)133:2(82).
[70] M. Bryk. Resolving compactness index of pores and solid phase elements in sandy and silt loamy soils. Geoderma, 318:109–122, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.12.030.
[71] W. l. Zou, Z. Han, S.K. Vanapalli, J.-F. Zhang, and G.-T. Zhao. Predicting volumetric behavior of compacted clays during compression. Applied Clay Science, 156:116–125, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2018.01.036.
[72] S.J.Wasman, M.C. McVay, K. Beriswill, D. Bloomquist, J. Shoucair, and D. Horhota. Study of laboratory compaction system variance using an Automatic Proctor Calibration Device. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 25(4):429–437, 2013. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943- 5533.0000599.
[73] L. Di Matteo, F. Bigotti, and R. Ricco. Best-fit models to estimate modified Proctor properties of compacted soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 135(7):992– 996, 2009. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000022.
[74] O. Boudlal and B. Melbouci. Study of the behavior of aggregates demolition by the Proctor and CBR tests. In GeoHunan International Conference 2009: Material Design, Construction, Maintenance, and Testing of Pavements, pages 75–80, 2009. doi: 10.1061/41045(352)12.
[75] L. Barden and G.R. Sides. Engineering behavior and structure of compacted clay. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 96(4):1171–1200, 1970. doi: 10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001434.
[76] M. Jibon and D. Mishra. Light weight deflectometer testing in Proctor molds to establish resilient modulus properties of fine-grained soils. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 33(2):06020025, 2021. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003582.
[77] A. Aragón, M.G. García, R.R. Filgueira, and Ya.A. Pachepsky. Maximum compactibility of Argentine soils from the Proctor test: The relationship with organic carbon and water content. Soil and Tillage Research, 56(3):197–204, 2000. doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00144-6.
[78] H. Bayat, S. Asghari, M. Rastgou, and G.R. Sheykhzadeh. Estimating Proctor parameters in agricultural soils in the Ardabil plain of Iran using support vector machines, artificial neural networks and regression methods. CATENA, 189:104467, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2020.104467.
[79] A.B.J.C. Nhantumbo and A.H. Cambule. Bulk density by Proctor test as a function of texture for agricultural soils in Maputo province of Mozambique. Soil and Tillage Research, 87(2):231–239, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2005.04.001.
[80] A. Alaoui, J. Lipiec, and H.H. Gerke. A review of the changes in the soil pore system due to soil deformation: A hydrodynamic perspective. Soil and Tillage Research, 115-116:1–15, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2011.06.002.
[81] ASTM Standard D698. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, U. S., ICS Code: 93.020 edition, 2007. doi: 10.1520/D0698-07E01.
[82] ASTM Standard D1557. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort. ASTM International,West Conshohocken, PA, U. S., 2009. doi: 10.1520/D1557-09.
[83] L. Wang, X. Xie, and H. Luan. Influence of laboratory compaction methods on shear performance of graded crushed stone. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 23(10):1483–1487, 2011. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000323.
[84] A. Alaoui and A. Helbling. Evaluation of soil compaction using hydrodynamic water content variation: Comparison between compacted and non-compacted soil. Geoderma, 134(1):97– 108, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.08.016.
[85] M. Livneh and N.A. Livneh. Use of the one-point Proctor modified compaction method in family compaction curves possessing a limited trend characteristic. In Airfield and Highway Pavement 2013: Sustainable and Efficient Pavements, pages 1304–1315, 2013. doi: 10.1061/9780784413005.110.
[86] A.F. Elhakim. Estimation of soil permeability. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 55(3):2631– 2638, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2016.07.034.
[87] Y. Yu, J.A. Huisman, A. Klotzsche, H. Vereecken, and L. Weihermüller. Coupled fullwaveform inversion of horizontal borehole ground penetrating radar data to estimate soil hydraulic parameters: A synthetic study. Journal of Hydrology, 610:127817, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127817.
[88] J. Zhou, S. Laumann, and T.J. Heimovaara. Applying aluminum-organic matter precipitates to reduce soil permeability in-situ:Afield and modeling study. Science of The Total Environment, 662:99–109, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.109.
[89] A. Takai, T. Inui, and T. Katsumi. Evaluating the hydraulic barrier performance of soilbentonite cutoff walls using the piezocone penetration test. Soils and Foundations, 56(2):277– 290, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2016.02.010.
[90] Y.X. Lim, S.A. Tan, and K.-K. Phoon. Interpretation of horizontal permeability from piezocone dissipation tests in soft clays. Computers and Geotechnics, 107:189–200, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.12.001.
[91] Y. Liu, S.J. Chen, K. Sagoe-Crentsil, andW. Duan. Predicting the permeability of consolidated silty clay via digital soil reconstruction. Computers and Geotechnics, 140:104468, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104468.
[92] T. Shibi and Y. Ohtsuka. Influence of applying overburden stress during curing on the unconfined compressive strength of cement-stabilized clay. Soils and Foundations, 61(4):1123–1131, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2021.03.007.
[93] N. Kardani, A. Zhou, S.-L. Shen, and M. Nazem. Estimating unconfined compressive strength of unsaturated cemented soils using alternative evolutionary approaches. Transportation Geotechnics, 29:100591, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2021.100591.
[94] F. Mousavi, E. Abdi, S. Ghalandarayeshi, and D.S. Page-Dumroese. Modeling unconfined compressive strength of fine-grained soils: Application of pocket penetrometer for predicting soil strength. CATENA, 196:104890, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2020.104890.
[95] A. Ahmed. Compressive strength and microstructure of soft clay soil stabilized with recycled bassanite. Applied Clay Science, 104:27–35, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2014.11.031.
[96] J.B. Burland. On the compressibility and shear strength of natural clays. Géotechnique, 40(3):329–378, 1990. doi: 10.1680/geot.1990.40.3.329.
[97] S.M. Rao and P. Shivananda. Compressibility behaviour of lime-stabilized clay. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 23:301–311, 2005. doi: 10.1007/s10706-004-1608-2.
[98] M. Al-Mukhtar, S. Khattab, and J.-F. Alcover. Microstructure and geotechnical properties of lime-treated expansive clayey soil. Engineering Geology, 139-140:17–27, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.04.004.
[99] A. al-Swaidani, I. Hammoud, and A. Meziab. Effect of adding natural pozzolana on geotechnical properties of lime-stabilized clayey soil. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 8(5):714–725, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.04.002.
[100] C. Phetchuay, S. Horpibulsuk, A. Arulrajah, C. Suksiripattanapong, and A. Udomchai. Strength development in soft marine clay stabilized by fly ash and calcium carbide residue based geopolymer. Applied Clay Science, 127-128:134–142, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2016.04.005.
[101] V. Lemenkov and P. Lemenkova. Testing deformation and compressive strength of the frozen fine-grained soils with changed porosity and density. Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences, 11(2):113–120, 2021. doi: 10.2478/jaes-2021-0015.
[102] V. Lemenkov and P. Lemenkova. Using TeX markup language for 3D and 2D geological plotting. Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences, 46(3):43–69, 2021. doi: 10.2478/fcds-2021-0004.
[103] P.K. Robertson, S. Sasitharan, J.C. Cunning, and D.C. Sego. Shear-wave velocity to evaluate in-situ state of Ottawa sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 121(3):262–273, 1995. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995)121:3(262).
[104] K. Komal, S. Bawa, and S. KantSharma. Laboratory investigation on the effect of polypropylene and nylon fiber on silt stabilized clay. Materials Today: Proceedings; International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Developments in Materials, Manufacturing and Energy Engineering, 52:1368–1376, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.123.
[105] H. Källén, A. Heyden, and P. Lindh. Estimation of grain size in asphalt samples using digital image analysis. In Proceedings: Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXVII, volume 9217, pages 292–300, 2014. doi: 10.1117/12.2061730.
[106] Swedish Institute for Standards. SIS: Geotechnical investigation and testing – Laboratory testing of soil – Part 7: Unconfined compression test (ISO 17892-7:2017), 2017. ISO 17892- 7:2017.
[107] Swedish Institute for Standards. SIS: Earthworks – Part 4: Soil treatment with lime and/or hydraulic binders. online, 2018. SS-EN 16907-4:2018.
[108] Swedish Institute for Standards. Geotechnical investigation and testing - Laboratory testing of soil - Part 11: Permeability tests (ISO 17892-11:2019). online, 2019. Article no: STD- 80010356.
[109] BSI Standards Publication. Cement part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. European Standard (English version), 2011. BS EN 197-1:2011. ISBN: 978 0 580 68241 4.
[110] Thomas Concrete Group. Teknisk Information. Slagg Bremen Mald granulerad masugnsslagg för användning i betong och bruk enligt SS 137003. https://thomasconcretegroup.com/us/, 2014. Retrieved 2014-01-16 from Thomas Concrete Group.
[111] N.Ryden,U. Dahlen, P. Lindh, and A. Jakobsson. Impact non-linear reverberation spectroscopy applied to non-destructive testing of building materials. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 140(4):3327–3327, 2016. doi: 10.1121/1.4970601.