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Abstract

User authentication is an essential element of any communication system. The paper investigates the vulnerability of the recently published first semiquantum identity authentication protocol (Quantum Information Processing 18: 197, 2019) to the introduced herein multisession attacks. The impersonation of the legitimate parties by a proper combination of phishing techniques is demonstrated. The improved version that closes the identified loophole is also introduced
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Zawadzki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Telecommunications and Teleinformatics, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

The methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD) of metals and metal alloys are very attractive due to the possibility of refinement of the grains to nanometric sizes, which facilitates obtaining high mechanical properties. This study investigated the influence of SPD in the process of hydrostatic extrusion (HE) on the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the CuCrZr copper alloy. The method of HE leads to the formation of a characteristic microstructure in deformed materials, which can determine their potential applications. On the longitudinal sections of the extruded bars, a strong morphological texture is observed, manifested by elongated grains in the direction of extrusion. In the transverse direction, these grains are visible as equiaxed. The anisotropy of properties was mainly determined based on the analysis of the static mini-sample static tensile test and the dynamic impact test. The obtained results were correlated with microstructural observations. In the study, three different degrees of deformation were applied at the level necessary to refine the grain size to the ultrafine-grained level. Regardless of the applied degree of deformation, the effect of the formation of a strong morphological texture was demonstrated, as a result of which there is a clear difference between the mechanical properties depending on the test direction, both by the static and dynamic method. The obtained results allow for the identification of the characteristic structure formed during the HE process and the more effective use of the CuCrZr copper alloy in applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sylwia Przybysz
1
Mariusz Kulczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Skiba
1
Monika Skorupska
1

  1. Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
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Abstract

Polyester coatings are among the most commonly used types of powder paints and present a wide range of applications. Apart from its decorative values, polyester coating successfully prevents the substrate from environmental deterioration. This work investigates the cavitation erosion (CE) resistance of three commercial polyester coatings electrostatic spray onto AW-6060 aluminium alloy substrate. Effect of coatings repainting (single- and double-layer deposits) and effect of surface finish (matt, silk gloss and structural) on resistance to cavitation were comparatively studied. The following research methods were used: CE testing using ASTM G32 procedure, 3D profilometry evaluation, light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical profilometry and FTIR spectroscopy. Electrostatic spray coatings present higher CE resistance than aluminium alloy. The matt finish double-layer (M2) and single-layer silk gloss finish (S1) are the most resistant to CE. The structural paint showed the lowest resistance to cavitation wear which derives from the rougher surface finish. The CE mechanism of polyester coatings relies on the material brittle-ductile behaviour, cracks formation, lateral net-cracking growth and removal of chunk coating material and craters’ growth. Repainting does not harm the properties of the coatings. Therefore, it can be utilised to regenerate or smother the polyester coating finish along with improvement of their CE resistance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Szala
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksander Świetlicki
2
Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
3

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
  2. Students Research Group of Materials Technology, Department of Materials Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
  3. Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, pl. Maria Curie-Sklodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of the article is to present an exemplary system for recording and analyzing quality costs and to demonstrate that it is helpful in planning and assessing the effectiveness of continuous improvement processes at the operational and strategic level. Various approaches to defining quality costs are described, followed by indicators for assessing effectiveness and tools to collect data on the values of individual groups of quality costs and compare them with financial indicators. The practical part presents a case study on the quality cost accounting system in a medical company and the possibility of using quality cost accounting to plan and evaluate continuous improvement processes and make managerial decisions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ilona Herzog
Marta Grabowska
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Abstract

The aim of our research is to gain understanding about material flow related information sharing in the circular economy value network in the form of industrial symbiosis. We need this understanding for facilitating new industrial symbiosis relationships and to support the optimization of operations. Circular economy has been promoted by politics and regulation by EU. In Finland, new circular economy strategy raises the facilitation of industrial symbiosis and data utilization as the key actions to improve sustainability and green growth. Companies stated that the practical problem is to get information on material availability. Digitalization is expected to boost material flows in circular economy by data, but what are the real challenges with circular material flows and what is the willingness of companies to develop co-operation? This paper seeks understanding on how Industry 4.0 is expected to improve the efficiency of waste or by-product flows and what are the expectations of companies. The research question is: How Industry 4.0 technologies and solutions can fix the gaps and discontinuities in the Industrial Symbiosis information flow? This research is conducted as a qualitative case study research with three cases, three types of material and eight companies. Interview data were collected in Finland between January and March 2021. Companies we interviewed mentioned use-cases for sensors and analytics to optimize the material flow but stated the investment cost compared to the value of information. To achieve sustainable circular material flows, the development needs to be done in the bigger picture, for the chain or network of actors, and the motivation and the added value must be found for each of them.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anne-Mari Järvenpää
Vesa Salminen
Jussi Kantola
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Abstract

In digital revolution, the appropriate IT infrastructure, technological knowledge are essential for the success of companies, where the success of the digital transformation depends on digital maturity. The aim of the study is to define the digital maturity, theoretical foundation of the digital maturity model and present a framework for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) understanding where they are in digitalisation (how advanced their digital resource system and digital approach) to respond faster and efficiently to environmental changes. The model construction is based on theory of dynamic capabilities, graduation models, and SMEs management challenges. The model is a dynamic model to support management in strategic, digital and organizational developments, which is divided into IT and organizational dimensions, including 6 components and 28 subcomponents. The ultimate goal of the study is to determine the component weights to create a neurofuzzy model.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ágnes Sándor
Ákos Gubán
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Abstract

Technological progress is the driving force behind industrial development. It is a multidimensional and multi-level phenomenon. In this article we focus on its three manifestations: information and communication technologies (ICT), Industry 4.0 and agile manufacturing. The aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between these constructs as they are undoubtedly interrelated. ICT plays a key role, but it is not a goal itself. They are a prerequisite for the implementation of Industry 4.0, but together with it they serve to achieve agility by the manufacturing system and, as a result, achieve a competitive advantage by companies operating in turbulent and unpredictable environment. The literature findings in this paper are part of a broader study conducted on the impact of ICT on agility of SMEs operating in India. Therefore, we include also subsections showing the level of this relationship in Indian SMEs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ibrahim Khan Mohammed
Stefan Trzcielinski
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Abstract

Enterprise innovation is currently becoming a recognized factor of the competitiveness, survival, and development of companies in the market economy. Managers still need recommendations on ways of stimulating the growth of innovation in their companies. The objective of this paper is to identify the strategic factors of enterprise innovativeness in the area of technology, defined as the most important internal factors positively impacting the innovativeness of enterprises in a strategic perspective. Empirical studies were conducted using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method on a purposive sample of N = 180 small and medium-sized innovative industrial processing enterprises in Poland. Data analysis was performed using Exploratory Factor Analysis within the Confirmatory Factor Analysis framework (E-CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Empirical research shows that the strategic factor of enterprise innovativeness in the area of technology is technological activity. A technologically active company should (1) possess a modern machinery stock, (2) conduct systematic technological audits, and (3) maintain close technical cooperation with the suppliers of raw materials, consumables, and intermediates. The implementation of the indicated recommendations by managers should lead to increased innovativeness of small and medium-sized industrial companies. The author recommends the use of the presented research procedure and data analysis methods in further studies.
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Danuta Rojek
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Abstract

The present paper describes a methodological framework developed to select a multi-label dataset transformation method in the context of supervised machine learning techniques. We explore the rectangular 2D strip-packing problem (2D-SPP), widely applied in industrial processes to cut sheet metals and paper rolls, where high-quality solutions can be found for more than one improvement heuristic, generating instances with multi-label behavior. To obtain single-label datasets, a total of five multi-label transformation methods are explored. 1000 instances were generated to represent different 2D-SPP variations found in real-world applications, labels for each instance represented by improvement heuristics were calculated, along with 19 predictors provided by problem characteristics. Finally, classification models were fitted to verify the accuracy of each multi-label transformation method. For the 2D-SPP, the single-label obtained using the exclusion method fit more accurate classification models compared to the other four multi-label transformation methods adopted.
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Authors and Affiliations

Neuenfeldt Júnior Alvaro
Matheus Francescatto
Gabriel Stieler
David Disconzi
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Abstract

This study investigates (1) the effect of quality information on quality performance through process control and (2) the moderating role of shop floor leadership on the relationship between quality information and quality performance in the context of manufacturing plants on a global basis. The moderated mediation analysis with a bootstrapping approach was employed to analyse data for hypotheses testing. The data is from the fourth-round dataset of the High- Performance Manufacturing Project, collected from manufacturing plants worldwide. The results indicate that (1) quality information is positively associated with quality performance through process control, and (2) shop floor leadership (i.e., supervisory interaction facilitation) positively moderates the indirect effect of quality information on quality performance; that is, the shop floor leadership practice strengthens the effect of quality information on quality performance through process control. This study also has a practical implication for top managers who should consider the vital role of leadership practices adopted by shop floor supervisors in implementing total quality management practices and should raise awareness that leadership practices are not only for the ‘C-suite’ but also for shop floor supervisors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ngoc Anh Nguyen
Chi Phan Anh
Thi Xuan Thoa Pham
Matsui Yoshiki
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Abstract

In mid-1992, Japanese consultant Yamada Hitoshi was tasked with modifying the production systems of Japanese companies as the existing configurations at manufacturing plants no longer satisfied unstable demands. He made improvements to the overall production system by dividing the long assembly lines into several short ones called cells or seru. Although of the advantages, it is still unclear about how to manage this new production system, and what variables really promoted the desired benefits. We identify in total 39 articles from 2004– 2020 about the progress of the seru production system, and we observe some possibilities to improve the effectiveness of this type of the production system. The first is the possibility of manufacturing the product in flexible sequence, in which the operations are independent among them. We show through the developed example that the makespan may be different. We noted when converting the in-line production system to one pure seru, the makespan tend to increase. Nevertheless, when analyzing the effectiveness of serus working concomitantly considering splitting the same lot, makespan and the cost may be reduced. And finally, when converting to one of pure serus, the performance may be similar to that obtained when serus working concomitantly.
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Yung Chin Shih
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Abstract

Lean Green is a concept which is implemented as a part of the sustainable development strategy, share allowing for reduction of the company’s costs related to, on the one hand, efficient use of energy factors and on the other optimum use of production factors aimed at minimisation of wastefulness, in particular in the area of post-production waste and pollution. The purpose of the article is to identify the determinants, internal stimuli and to specify the force with which they affect the implementation of the Lean Green concept in companies on various continents: America, Asia and Europe. For the purpose of better recognition of the examined problem, analysis of results of studies was made in consideration of the following criteria: country where a given company operates and share of persons outside the company in the process of implementation of this concept. In article uses the one-way ANOVA methodology, the Shapiro Wilk and Levene tests and the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test. Hitherto studies have confirmed that the determinants are regional, which indicates the necessity of directional studies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nicoletta Baskiewicz
Claudiu Barbu
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Abstract

Traditionally the aggregate production plan helps in determining the inventory, production, and work-force, based on the demand forecasts without considering the productivity loss at a tactical level in supply chain planning. In this paper, we include the productivity loss into traditional aggregate production plan and the prescriptive analytics technique, linear programming, is used to solve this problem of practical interest in the domain of multifarious businesses and industries. In this study, we discussed two model variations of the aggregate production planning problem with and without productivity loss, i) fixed work-force, and ii) variable Work Force. The mathematical models were designated to be solved by using an open-source python pulp package in order to evaluate the impacts of the productivity loss on both the models. PuLP is an open-source modeling framework provided by the COIN-OR Foundation (Computational Infrastructure for Operations Research) for linear and integer Programing problems written in Python. The computational results indicate that the productivity loss has direct impact on the workforce hiring and firing.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hakeem Ur REHMAN
Ayyaz AHMAD
Zarak ALI
Sajjad Ahmad BAIG
Umair MANZOOR

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Abstract

The aim of this work is to present new reliability characteristics expressed as functions of some variable expressing the measure of effective operation of a machine or a device. These characteristics can be used for both renewable and non-renewable objects. Their mathematical idea reflects the essence of already known characteristics, i.e. it expresses the probability of failure but expressed as a function of a variable, not necessarily identified with time.
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Authors and Affiliations

Gabriela Kopania
Anna Kuczmaszewska
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Abstract

Simulations are becoming one of the most important techniques supporting production preparation, even in those industrial sectors with atypical technological processes, such as in metallurgy, where there is a multiphase material flow. This is due to the fact that in the conditions of a market economy, enterprises have to solve more and more complex problems in a shorter time. On the basis of the existing production process and the knowledge of the flow characteristics in a given process, a model is built, which, when subjected to simulation tests, provides experimental results in the scope of the defined problem. The use of computer techniques also creates new possibilities for the rational use of the reserves inherent in each technological process. Taking into account the existing demand and the state of modern technology, the computer model can be a source of information for further analysis and decision-making processes supporting company management. At work a model of the logistic system was made on the example of a hot-rolled steel strip mill, on which simulation experiments were carried out to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the analysis production line. The presented article aims to disseminate the idea of ??Industry 4.0 in Polish companies from the manufacturing industry sector, taking into account simulation techniques.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Niekurzak
1
Ewa Kubińska-Jabcoń
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Management, Poland
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Abstract

We propose a Bayesian approach to estimating productive capital stocks and depreciation rates within the production function framework, using annual data on output, employment and investment only. Productive capital stock is a concept related to the input of capital services to production, in contrast to the more common net capital stock estimates, representing market value of fixed assets. We formulate a full Bayesian model and employ it in a series of illustrative empirical examples. We find that parameters of our model, from which the time-path of capital is derived, are weakly identified with the data at hand. Nevertheless, estimation is feasible with the use of prior information on the production function parameters and the characteristics of productivity growth. We show how precision of the estimates can be improved by augmenting the model with an equation for the rate of return.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Boratyński
1
Jacek Osiewalski
2

  1. University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  2. Cracow University of Economics, Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

The work contains discussions and simulation analyses of the expectation formation processes, taking account of the data revisions. In particular, it contains results of simulations examining statistical properties of the rationality tests and extrapolation processes, with particular focus on their behaviour in the case of short samples and data with measurement errors. The conclusions indicate that the rationality test based on the optimal regression and the proposed adaptive and accelerating tests are the most efficient and flexible. The tests showcasing best properties have been applied to a new set of macroeconomic forecasts for Poland. The results show that there are no grounds for rejecting the hypothesis on the rationality of forecasts derived from the National Bank of Poland (NBP) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development; however, this property was rejected for the European Commission. What is more, the comparative analysis indicates that only the national institution (NBP) may potentially aim the final readings of the macroeconomic data as the forecasting target. Finally, it transpires that the extrapolative models, albeit simple and intuitively interpreted, generally fail to correctly explain the forecast formation processes regarding the Polish economy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Ziembińska
1

  1. University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

We built a logistic regression Early Warning Models (EWM) for banking crises in a panel of 47 countries based on data from 1970-2014 using candidate variables that cover macro and financial market indicators. We find that VIX, a proxy of global risk-premium, has a strong signalling properties and that low VIX (low price of risk) increases likelihood of crisis. It does not only mean that stability leads to instability, but that this tends to be a global rather than a domestic phenomenon. We also find that particularly high contribution of financial sector to GDP growth often precedes crises, suggesting that such instances are primarily driven by excessive risk taking by financial sector and may not necessarily be sustainable. Other variables that feature prominently include credit and residential prices. Models using multiple variable clearly outperform single variable models, with probability of correct signal extraction exceeding 0.9. Our setting includes country-specific information without using country-specific effects in a regression, which allows for direct application of EWM we obtain to any country, including these that have not experienced a banking crisis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Bańbuła
1
Marcin Pietrzak
2

  1. Narodowy Bank Polski and Warsaw School of Economics
  2. Brown University and Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences
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Abstract

House prices are of special importance for monetary policy since their sudden falls are usually associated with credit crunch followed by long-lasting and painful recessions. Despite several spectacular episodes of such events, each time house prices exhibit long-lasting growth trend with little volatility around it, it is argued that this pattern is a “new normal”. This paper shows that a central bank following this view would increase the volatility of inflation and output as compared to a policy that assumes high volatility of house prices. In the former case the monetary authority would conduct too accommodative monetary policy during abrupt house price expansions significantly increasing output and inflation fluctuations. In the latter situation, in turn, the policy would work well irrespective of the realized house price volatility.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Wesołowski
1

  1. Narodowy Bank Polski
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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study a new generated family of distributions based on the type II transformation which is called the type II exponentiated half-logistic-Gompertz-Topp-Leone-G (TIIEHL-Gom-TL-G) family of distributions. We investigate its general mathematical properties, including, hazard rate function, quantile function, moments, moment generating function, Rényi entropy and order statistics. Parameter estimates of the new family of distributions are obtained based on the maximum likelihood estimation method and their performance is evaluated via a simulation study. For illustration of the applicability of the new family of distributions, four real data sets are analyzed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Broderick Oluyede
1
Thatayaone Moakofi
1

  1. Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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Abstract

In this work, we perform an analysis of the characteristics of the one-year and ultimate reserve risk distributions commonly used in actuarial science: duration, first development factor, coefficient of variation, skewness coefficient, skewness-to-CoV ratio, emergence factor, emergence pattern, and risk margin run-off patterns. Our study is based on empirical data for two European markets: the Polish and Slovak markets. We provide benchmarks and ranges for the considered characteristics, as well as analyse the relations between them. We study Solvency II lines of business and compare our coefficients of variation to the Standard Formula reserve risk standard deviations. We investigate more deeply the topic of emergence pattern and risk margin run-off patterns.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Szatkowski
1

  1. Institute of Econometrics, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland; Risk Department, STU ERGO Hestia SA
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Abstract

The spectacular surge of Poland's VAT revenues after 2015 prompted a discussion about the role of the tax administration in collecting tax liabilities. Unfortunately, the scarcity of the available data prevents empirical studies from reaching reliable conclusions about the determinants of VAT revenues. Given that, this article presents a wider attempt at identifying the determinants of VAT revenues in the EU Member States. Using panel cointegration methods, several working hypotheses linking VAT gap to income factors, the business cycle, tax carousels, and an effectiveness of the government are evaluated. The results of the research provide evidence that the VAT gap in the EU countries is under a strong influence from variables approximating changes in per capita incomes, the business cycle, and the openness of an economy to intra-EU trade. The latter finding is a sufficient indication that the improvements made to Poland's tax system were both legitimate and effective.
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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Kelm
1

  1. Chair of Econometric Models and Forecasts, University of Lodz, Poland

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