Kolokoltsev, V., Konopka, Z., Petrochenko, E. (2013). Special cast iron. Types, casting, heat treatment, properties. Częstochowa: Politechniak Częstochowska. (in Polish).

Ngqase, M. & Pan, X. (2020). An overview on types of white cast irons and high chromium white cast irons. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1495, 012023. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1495/1/012023.

Purba, R.H., Shimizu, K., Kusumoto, K., Todaka, T., Shirai, M., Hara, H. & Ito, J. (2021). Erosive wear characteristics of high-chromium based multi-component white cast irons. Tribology International. 159, 106982, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2021.106982.

DeMello, J.D.B., Durand-Charre, M. & Hamar-Thibault, S. (1983). Solidification and solid state transformations during cooling of chromium-molybdenum white cast irons. Metallurgical Transactions A. 14(9), 1793-1801. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645549.

Studnicki, A., Kilarski, J., Przybył, M., Suchoń, J. & Bartocha, D. (2006). Wear resistance of chromium cast iron–research and application. Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 16(1-2), 63-73.

Studnicki A., Dojka, R., Gromczyk, M. & Kondracki, M. (2016). Influence of titanium on crystallization and wear resistance of high chromium cast iron. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 16(1), 17-23. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2016-0014.

Tian, H.H., Addie, G.R. & Pagalthivarthi, K.V. (2005). Determination of wear coefficients for erosive wear prediction through Coriolis wear testing. Wear. 259(1-6), 160-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.02.097.

Tabrett, C.P., Sare, I.R. & Ghomashchi, M.R. (1996). Microstructure-property relationships in high chromium white iron alloys. International Materials Reviews. 41(2), 59-82. https://doi.org/10.1179/imr.1996.41.2.59.

Kopyciński, D. (2015). Shaping the structure and mechanical properties of cast iron intended for use in difficult conditions (selected issues). Katowice-Gliwice: Archives of Foundry Engineerung. (in Polish).

Sobczak, J. (2013). Foundryman's Handbook, Vol. 1, Contemporary Foundry. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Stowarzyszenia Technicznego Odlewników Polskich. (in Polish).

Goto, I., Fukuchi, K. & Kurosawa, K. (2023). Effects of solidification conditions on the microstructural morphologies and strengths of hypereutectic high-chromium white cast iron castings. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 886, 145692, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2023.145692.

Bedolla-Jacuinde, A., Guerra, F.V., Guerrero-Pastran, A.J., Sierra-Cetina, M.A. & Valdez-Medina S. (2021). Microstructural effect and wear performance of high chromium white cast iron modified with high boron contents. Wear. 476, 203675, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2021.203675.

Barutçuoğlu, B., Koç, F. G., Erişir, E. & Karaarslan, G. (2025). The effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and wear behavior of tungsten and boron alloyed Ni-Hard 4 white cast irons. International Journal of Metalcasting. 19(1), 480-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40962-024-01322-8.

Zou, W. Q., Zhang, Z. G., Yang, H. & Li, W. (2016). Effect of vibration frequency on microstructure and performance of high chromium cast iron prepared by lost foam casting. China Foundry. 13(4), 248-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41230-016-6037-3.

Sakwa, W., Jura, S., Sakwa, J. (1980). Abrasion-resistant iron alloys. Part I. Cast Iron. Kraków: Wydawnictwo ZG STOP. (in Polish).

Maratray, F., Usseglio-Nanot, R. (1971). Atlas - transformation characteristics of chromium and chromium-molybdenum white irons. Paris, France: Climax Molybdenum. 230.

Huang, X. & Wu, Y. (1998). A high Cr-Mo alloy iron. Journal of materials engineering and performance. 7(4), 463-466. https://doi.org/10.1361/105994998770347594.

Zumelzu, E., Cabezas, C., Opitz, O., Quiroz, E., Goyos, L. & Parada, A. (2003). Microstructural characteristics and corrosion behaviour of high-chromium cast iron alloys in sugar media. Protection of Metals. 39,183-188.

Studnicki, A. (2008). Effect of boron carbide on primary crystallization of chromium cast iron. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 8(1), 173-176. ISSN (1897-3310).

Yaer, X., Shimizu, K., Matsumoto, H., Kitsudo, T., Momono, T. (2008). Erosive wear characteristics of spheroidal carbides cast iron. Wear. 264(11-12), 947-957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2007.07.002.

Bedolla-Jacuinde, A., Hernández, B. & Béjar-Gómez, L. (2005). SEM study on the M7C3 carbide nucleation during eutectic solidification of high chromium white irons. International Journal of Materials Research. 96(12), 1380-1385.

Bedolla-Jacuinde, A. & Rainforth, W.M. (2001). The wear behaviour of highchromium white cast irons as a function of silicon and mischmetal content. Wear. 250(1-12), 449-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(01)00633-0.

Bedolla-Jacuinde, A. (2001). Microstructure of vanadium-, niobium- and titanium-alloyed high-chromium white cast irons. International Journal of Cast Metals Research. 13(6), 343-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2001.11819416.

Carpentera, S.D., Carpenterb, D. & Pearcec, J.T.H. (2004). XRD and electron microscope study of an as-cast 26.6% chromium white iron microstructure. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 85(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2003.11.037.

Laird, G., Nielsen, R.L. & Macmillan, N.H. (1991). On the nature of eutectic carbides in Cr-Ni white cast irons. Metallurgical Transactions A. 22A, 1709-1719. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02646494.

Chung, R.J. (2014). Comprehensive study of the abrasive wear and slurry erosion behavior of an expanded system of high chromium cast iron and microstructural modification for enhanced wear resistance. University of Alberta, Canada.

Srivastava, A.K. & Das, K. (2009). Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of in situ TiC and (Ti,W)C-reinforced high manganese austenitic steel matrix composites. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 516(1-2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.04.041.

Das, K., Bandyopadhyay, T.K., & Das, S. (2001). A review on the various synthesis routes of TiC reinforced ferrous based composites. Journal of materials science. 37(18), 3881-3892. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019699205003.

Olejnik, E., Janas, A., Kolbus, A. & Sikora, G. (2011). The composition of reaction substrates for TiC carbides synthesis and its influence on the thickness of iron casting composite layer. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 11(2), 165-168. ISSN (1897-3310).

Olejnik, E., Tokarski, T., Sikora, G., Sobula, S., Maziarz, W., Szymański, Ł. & Grabowska, B. (2019). The effect of Fe addition on fragmentation phenomena, macrostructure, microstructure, and hardness of TiC-Fe local reinforcements fabricated in situ in steel casting. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 50(2), 975-986. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4992-6.

Sobula, S., Olejnik, E. & Tokarski, T. (2017). Wear resistance of tic reinforced cast steel matrix composite. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 17(1), 143-146. ISSN (1897-3310).

Szymański, Ł., Olejnik, E., Tokarski, T., Kurtyka, P., Drożyński, D. & Żymankowska-Kumon, S. (2018). Reactive casting coatings for obtaining in situ composite layers based on Fe alloys. Surface and Coatings Technology. 350, 346-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.06.085.

Szymański, Ł., Olejnik, E., Sobczak, J.J., Szala, M., Kurtyka, P., Tokarski, T. & Janas, A. (2022). Dry sliding, slurry abrasion and cavitation erosion of composite layers reinforced by TiC fabricated in situ in cast steel and gray cast iron. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 308, 117688, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2022.117688.

Głownia, J., Tęcza, G., Asłanowicz, M. & Ościłowski, A. (2013). Tools cast from the steel of composite structure. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 58(3), 803-808. DOI: 10.2478/amm-2013-0075.

Kalandyk, B., Tęcza, G., Zapała, R., & Sobula, S. (2015). Cast high-manganese steel - the effect of microstructure on abrasive wear behaviour in Miller test. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 15(2), 35-38. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2015-0033.

Tęcza, G. & Głownia, J. (2015). Resistance to abrasive wear and volume fraction of carbides in cast high-manganese austenitic steel with composite structure. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 15(4), 129-133. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2015-0092.

Tęcza, G. & Garbacz-Klempka, A. (2016). Microstructure of cast high-manganese steel containing titanium. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 16(4), 163-168. ISSN (1897-3310).

Tęcza, G. & Zapała, R. (2018). Changes in impact strength and abrasive wear resistance of cast high manganese steel due to the formation of primary titanium carbides. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 18(1), 119-122. DOI: 10.24425/118823.

Tęcza, G. (2021). Changes in abrasive wear resistance during Miller test of high-manganese cast steel with niobium carbides formed in the alloy matrix. Applied Sciences. 11(11), 4794, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114794.

Tęcza, G. (2021). Changes in abrasive wear resistance during miller test of Cr-Ni cast steel with Ti carbides formed in the alloy matrix. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 21(1), 110-115. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.139758.

Tęcza, G. (2022). Changes Changes in microstructure and abrasion resistance during Miller test of Hadfield high-manganese cast steel after the formation of vanadium carbides in alloy matrix. Materials. 15(3), 1021, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031021.

Tęcza, G. (2023). Changes in abrasion resistance of cast Cr-Ni steel as a result of the formation of niobium carbides in alloy matrix. Materials. 16(4), 1726, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041726.

Tęcza, G. (2023). Changes in the microstructure and abrasion resistance of tool cast steel after the formation of titanium carbides in the alloy matrix. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 23(4), 173-180. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.148961.

Studnicki, A., & Szajnar, J. (2012). Testing the wear resistance of low-alloy and chromium cast steel. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 12(2), 79-84. ISSN (1897-3310).

Studnicki, A., Kondracki, M., Suchoń, J., Szajnar, J., Bartocha, D. & Wróbel, T. (2015). Abrasive wear of alloyed cast steels applied for heavy machinery. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 15(1), 99-104. ISSN (1897-3310).

Cuppari, M.G.D.V. & Santos, S.F. (2016). Physical properties of the NbC carbide. Metals. 6(10), 250, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/met6100250.

Ross R.B. (1992). Metallic Materials Specification Handbook, 4th edn,. London: Chapman and Hall.

Studnicki, A. (2002). Investigation of crystallization process of wear resistant cast iron. Archives of Foundry. 2(4), 259-264. ISSN (1642-5308). (in Polish).

Bedolla-Jacuinde, A. (2016). Niobium in cast irons. In V.Glebovsky (Eds.), Progress in Metallic Alloys (pp. 187-220). Croatia: InTech. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64498.

Mohrbacher, H., Jarreta, D. (2015). Technology, Properties and Applications of NbC Reinforced Steel and Iron Alloys, In Proceedings of the Symposium on Fundamentals and Applications of Mo and Nb Alloying in High Performance Steels.

Guesserm W.L. (1985). Using niobium in high-chromium irons. Foundry Management Technology.

Zhou, Y., Yang, Y., Yang, J., Hao, F., Li, D., Ren, X. & Yang, Q. (2021). Effect of Ti additive on (Cr, Fe)7C3 carbide in arc surfacing layer and its refined mechanism, Applied Surface Science. 258(17), 6653-6659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.03.101.

Zhang, Y.C., Song, R.B., Yu, P., Wen, E. & Zhao, Z.Y. (2020). The formation of TiCeNbC coreshell structure in hypereutectic high chromium cast iron leads to significant refinement of primary M7C3. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 824, 153806, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.153806.

Qu, Y., Xing, J., Zhi, X., Peng, J. & Fu, H. (2008). Effect of cerium on the as-cast microstructure of a hypereutectic high chromium cast iron. Materials Letters. 62(17-18), 3024-3027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2008.01.129.

Wu, X.J., Xing, J.D., Fu, H.G. & Zhi, X.H. (2007). Effect of titanium on the morphology of primary M7C3 carbides in hypereutectic high chromium white iron. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 457(1-2), 180-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.006.