Humanities and Social Sciences

Nauka

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Nauka | 2025 | No 4

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Abstract

The text summarizes 20 years of the academic journal “Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały” (“Holocaust. Studies and Materials”) published by the Center for Holocaust Research at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IFiS PAN) from 2005 to 2025. The journal was established as an interdisciplinary platform for presenting Holocaust research, bringing together historians, sociologists, literary scholars, and psychologists. Each volume focused on different aspects of the Holocaust, such as Polish-Jewish relations, collaboration, aid to Jews, the role of the Church, Holocaust kitsch, historical sources, postwar reckoning, and psychological trauma. The publication faced financial challenges and low ministerial evaluation scores, making it difficult to attract new submissions. Despite these obstacles, the journal maintained high academic standards and international reach, including English-language editions. In recent years, the editorial team has faced challenges related to historical policy, staff changes, and uncertainty about the journal’s future.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Libionka
1
Barbara Engelking
1

  1. Centrum Badań nad Zagładą Żydów, Instytutu Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
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Abstract

The implementation of the Bologna system in Poland, and in particular the separation of first- and second-cycle programs, led to significant changes in curricula and the organization of the teaching process. One of the goals of this process – called mobility – gave students the opportunity to change universities after obtaining their first-cycle diploma. This article presents the results of analyses of this process, broken down by university type (defined based on their membership in conferences of rectors of various types of universities). Significant variation in this process depending on the type of university is demonstrated, as well as – in the case of polytechnics and universities – the relationship between the intensity of this process and the ranking of higher education institutions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Rocki
1

  1. Instytut Rozwoju Gospodarczego, Szkoła Główna Handlowa, Warszawa
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Abstract

The Foundation Zakłady Kórnickie was established by virtue of a Sejm Act of 1925 thanks to a donation from Władysław Zamoyski and his mother Jadwiga Zamoyska, née Działyńska, who gave all their real estate and movable property located in Wielkopolska and Małopolska to the Polish Nation. After the war, the Foundation was dissolved in 1952, and all its assets were formally assigned to the Polish Academy of Sciences, which had been established a year earlier and had similar statutory goals. This fact became the basis for intensive efforts in the late 1990s to reconstitute the Foundation, which was finally recreated in 2001. Since then, the Foundation has been successfully managing agricultural estates covering an area of 4,200 hectares located in Greater Poland, supporting talented students and undertaking numerous educational, cultural and publishing initiatives.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej B. Legocki
1

  1. Instytut Chemii Bioorganicznej PAN, Poznań
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Abstract

Economics – or more broadly, the economic sciences – have a common reputation as a dry, hermetic field, focused mainly on numbers, models, and indicators. In the eyes of the general public, they are perceived as a cold, technocratic, and model-driven discipline – dominated by graphs, diagrams, algorithms, equations, and a specialized, often incomprehensible language. In a classic anecdote, Carlyle referred to economics as the “dismal science”, contrasting it with more inspired disciplines such as philosophy, literature, or the arts. Nevertheless, my answer to the question posed in the title is an unequivocal “yes”. It is precisely the economic sciences that allow us to understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying the functioning of modern societies. They teach us how to think about the scarcity of resources, the trade-offs we must make, and the structure of decisions that shape not only markets but also everyday life. In justifying my position, I would like to point to five reasons why economics can attract the mind not only through its practical usefulness but also through its cognitive depth and aesthetic structure. This paper presents an attempt to elaborate on these arguments and situate them within the broader context of contemporary social sciences. On the other hand, one must also acknowledge the imperfections and limitations of economics, which may weaken the fascination it inspires.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marian Gorynia
1

  1. Katedra Konkurencyjności Międzynarodowej, Instytut Gospodarki Międzynarodowej, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
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Abstract

The recommendations adopted by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education for a new model of evaluation of scientific activity include the assumption that the role of popularisation in the evaluation of achievements in individual scientific disciplines will be increased. While it is as yet unclear what this would look like in practice, it seems to be beyond discussion that it should be such a popularisation that either contributes to the dissemination of knowledge about the research conducted by scholars and the results obtained in it, or is helpful in its practical implementation. This calls for a closer look at their various forms. In this article, I distinguish four forms of popularisation, i.e. journalism, biography, documentary writing and essay writing. There are, of course, more. However, already on the basis of those I analyse, it can be said that they have had and continue to have varying value for science.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Drozdowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza
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Abstract

This article assesses the rationale and consequences of siting wind turbines in forests in the context of the energy transition. The starting point is the observation that in many countries with significant forest cover, planning pressure from the wind energy sector on forested areas is increasing. Based on an extended review of both peer-reviewed and “grey” literature (including a multilingual search), we synthesize known mechanisms of impact on birds and bats: (1) collisions; (2) fragmentation and habitat loss resulting from “forest urbanism” (roads, assembly areas); (3) acoustic and visual effects that may alter territorial and communication behaviors. We document substantial spatial and seasonal variability of risk: for both bats and birds, mortality peaks during migration periods, in late summer and autumn, and mortality rates tend to be high on forested mountain ridges. We also highlight evidential limitations: including the rarity of BACI designs, the lack of data linking animal activity with actual mortality, and the representativeness issues of site selection. We discuss mitigation within a hierarchy of avoid 6 minimize 6 compensate, including spatial planning that excludes core refugia and migration corridors, real-time detection with conditional shutdowns, and reduced infrastructure footprints. We conclude that although tools to reduce mortality are being rapidly improved, rational decision-making requires adaptive monitoring and clearly defined action thresholds. A fundamental premise remains: every form of energy production entails environmental costs – policy and practice should aim to reduce and transparently account for them.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Tryjanowski
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Dylewski
3
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Kloskowski
3
ORCID: ORCID
Marta Kornelia Nowak
3
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Myczko
3
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Węgiel
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Katedra Zoologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu & Institute for Advanced Study
  2. Technical University of Munich, Germany
  3. Katedra Zoologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
  4. Katedra Urządzania Lasu, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
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Abstract

This article examines three contexts for the discussion of the Polish Accreditation Committee (PKA), which has been accused of illegitimately creating universally binding law and excessive independence. It highlights the historical circumstances surrounding the PKA's establishment, the controversial allegations leveled against it in the justification of the Constitutional Tribunal's judgment, and the implications of Polish universities' presence in the European Higher Education Area and the North American market.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Rocki
1

  1. Instytut Rozwoju Gospodarczego, Szkoła Główna Handlowa, Warszawa
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Abstract

The report presents a comprehensive assessment of flood hazards in Poland and formulates recommendations aimed at rebuilding and strengthening societal, infrastructural, and environmental resilience. It reviews historical and recent floods, identifying both natural and anthropogenic drivers, and analyzes their impacts on communities, the economy, and aquatic ecosystems. The emphasis is placed on the need for integrated flood risk management encompassing prevention, protection, preparedness, response, and recovery. The authors highlight the importance of a stable, long-term national strategy grounded in scientific evidence, effective governance, and broad stakeholder engagement. Recommended measures include enhancing natural and artificial retention, river restoration, limiting development in flood-prone areas, reinforcing critical infrastructure, and improving monitoring, early warning, and public education. The report stresses the complementarity of technical and non-technical approaches and the need to tailor them to local conditions to effectively reduce flood risk and its consequences.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Walczykiewicz
Mateusz Balcerowicz
Marta Barszczewska
Jerzy Grela
Tomasz Kałuża
Stanisław Kostecki
Leszek Książek
Piotr Parasiewicz
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska
Michał Szydłowski
Janusz Zaleski
Anna Łoboda

Authors and Affiliations

Paweł M. Rowiński
1 2

  1. Instytut Geofizyki PAN
  2. Komitet Nauk o Wodzie i Gospodarki Wodnej przy Prezydium PAN

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Wraz z plikiem zawierającym artykuł i plikami z ilustracjami należy przesłać:

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Literatura przedmiotu powinna być umieszczona na końcu pracy w układzie sekwencyjnym (odwołanie w tekście, np. [1]) lub alfabetycznym typu „autor-rok” (odwołanie w tekście, np. (Ziman J., 1978)).

Artykuł:

Watson J.D., Crick F.H.C., Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature 1953, nr 171,

s. 737–738.

Książka:

Ziman J., Reliable knowledge. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1978, s. 124–157.

Rozdział w książce:

Klemensiewicz Z., Przekład jako zagadnienie językoznawstwa, [w:] O sztuce tłumaczenia, pod redakcją M. Rusinka, Wrocław 1955, Zakład im. Ossolińskich, s. 85–97.

Tytuły artykułów w literaturze przedmiotu powinny być podane w oryginalnym brzmieniu, a skróty tytułów czasopism według Web of Science: Standard journal abbreviations oraz wykazów narodowych i branżowych. Spis piśmiennictwa nie powinien zawierać niepublikowanych danych, informacji prywatnych lub prac w przygotowaniu. Odwoływanie się do takich źródeł może występować jedynie w tekście.

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