The paper discusses the global algorithm of broken line simplification, that: does not depend on parameters set by a map editor and maintains the accuracy of the 0-1 Instruction (General principles of surveying practice) of the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, Poland, for each map scale (smaller than the source map scale). In the discussed process of line simplification parameters depend on the map scale and on the smallest length of an elementary triangle (this length is a measure of the ability of the drawing recognition). In the process of simplification performed with the use of the discussed algorithm, the same shape of a line is ensured (maintaining the ability of the drawing recognition), since generalised data differ with the bigger or smaller range of scales from the source data. Besides, limits of intervals of generalisation thresholds have been specified, which are required for the process of automated selection of cartographic presentation methods exhibiting the results of line simplification.

Fusion welding of Ti-Cu is difficult because of big difference of melting points and formation of brittle intermetallic compounds. Friction stir welding is carried out by solid-state joining, thermo-mechanical stirring, and friction heat. Ti-Cu FSW dissimilar welding can supply a very sound joint area with a few intermetallic compounds. Optimized welding process conditions are essential to obtain suitable microstructure and mechanical properties of welded zones. Different welding speeds affect the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties due to changes of input heat and internal stored deformation energy. The correlation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Cu welded zone according to welding speeds were investigated and analyzed. As the higher the welding speed, the lower the heat input and the lower the temperature rise. Ti-Cu 75 has the smallest grain size at 13.9 μm, but the optimum mechanical properties and the integrity of welding were shown in Ti-Cu 50.

Wild boars use natural feed such as ground cover for about half a year. In this work the contamination of boar muscles with caesium-137 and contamination of ground cover were compared. The level of caesium- 137 was measured by spectromertic method. Muscle samples from total 86 wild boars were collected just after Chernobyl accident (years I 986-1988 and in years I 998-1999). The results of the studies indicate that there is a relationship between radiocontamination of the environment as well as muscles of wild boars. It seems that animals at large can be good indicators of radiocontamination of the environment.