In this article attention is paid to improving the quality of text document classification. The common techniques of analysis of text documents used in classification are shown and the weakness of these methods are stressed. Discussed here is the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods, which is increasing the quality of classification. In the proposed approach the expanded terms, obtained by using information patterns are used in the Latent Semantic Analysis. Finally empirical research is presented and based upon the quality measures of the text document classification, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is proved.
The paper presents the results of assessment studies of the time course for technical wear in masonry buildings located in the area of mining-induced ground deformations. By using fuzzy inference system (FIS) and the “if-then” rule, corresponding language labels describing actual damage recorded in structure components were translated into scalar outputs describing the degree of damage to the building. Adopting this approach made it possible to separate damage resulting from additional effects coming from mining-induced ground deformations and the natural wear and tear of masonry structure. By using statistical analysis an exponential function for the condition of building damage and the function of natural wear and tear were developed. Both phenomena were subject to studies as a function of time regarding the technical age of building structure. The results obtained were used to develop a model for the course of technical wear of traditionally constructed buildings used within mining areas.
In the course of natural wear and tear buildings located in mining areas are additionally exposed to forced ground deformations. The increase of internal forces in structure components induced by those effects results in creating an additional stress factor and damage. The hairline cracks and cracks of building structure components take place when the intensity value of mining effects becomes higher than the component stress resistance and repeated effects result in the decrease of structure rigidity. The observations of building behaviour in mining areas show that the intensity of mining activity and the multiplicity of its effect play a substantial role in the course of technical wear of buildings. The studies show that the level of damage resulting from mining effects adds up to natural wear and tear of the building and impairs the global technical condition as compared to similar buildings used outside mining areas.
This paper shows the possibility that the mineral coal existing in the mining basins of northern Spain have a high added value. This would facilitate its future use in different fields such as new materials, nanotechnology, energy use in situ, coal bed methane, enhanced coal bed methane and coalmine methane.
An analytical study of mineral coal samples is carried out. The samples come from two deposits located in coal basins of the Cantabrian Mountains. The duly prepared samples are subjected to an activation process. Within this transformation, different treatments are applied to different sub-samples. Some of the sub-samples suffer a previous demineralization by successive attacks with acids, followed by oxidation and pyrolysis. Finally, all of them are activated with CO2 and H2O(steam).
The carbonaceous products resulting from each treatment are characterised. The results show that all the pre-treatments used were positive for the textural development of the materials. Likewise, proper management of the processes and of the different operating variables allows the procurement of carbonaceous materials with a “tailor-made” structural development of the coal type. This material receives the name “activated” and can be employed in specific processes.
The article aims to discuss foreign language writing anxiety and present the results of the study which was to investigate whether writing apprehension can be observed among advanced adult learners of English. Analysing anxiety from a three dimensional perspective proposed by Lang (1971) the study revealed that advanced adult students most intensely experience cognitive anxiety whose most prevailing symptoms are panic, worry and elements of test anxiety. Somatic anxiety has also been observed in this group of participants with heart pounding, freezing up, mind going blank and jumbled thoughts as the most common symptoms. Finally, the research revealed that avoidance behaviour appears infrequently among advanced writers. The research results have been used as the basis for formulating pedagogical implications on how to reduce students’ writing apprehension.
The effect of shell side and coil side volume flow rate on overall heat transfer coefficient, effectiveness, pressure drop and exergy loss of shell and helical coil heat exchanger were studied experimentally under steady state conditions. The working fluid, i.e., water was allowed to flow at three different flow rates of 1, 2, and 3 l/min on shell side (cold water) and at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 l/min on coil side (hot water) for each shell side flow rate at the temperatures of 298±0.4K and 323±0.4K, respectively. The results found that the overall heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing both shell side and coil side volume flow rates. The inner Nusselt number significantly increased with the coil side Dean number.
The radiation of sound waves from partially lined duct is treated by using the mode-matching method in conjunction with the Wiener-Hopf technique. The solution is obtained by modification of the Wiener-Hopf technique and involves an infinite series of unknowns which are determined from an infinite system of linear algebraic equations. Numerical solution of this system is obtained for various values of the problem parameters, whereby the effects of these parameters on the sound diffraction are studied. A perfect agreement is observed when the results of radiated field are compared numerically with a similar work existing in the literature.
The interface characteristics, bending and impact behavior, as well as fracture characteristics of stainless steel clad plates fabricated by vacuum hot rolling at different rolling temperatures of 1100°C, 1200°C and 1300°C are investigated in detail. The interface bonding strength is gradually increased with the increasing rolling temperature due to the sufficient diffusion behavior of alloy element. The bending toughness and impact toughness are gradually decreased, while the bending strength increase with the increase of the rolling temperature, which is attributed to mechanisms of matrix softening and interface strengthening at high rolling temperature. Due to the weak interface at 1100°C, the bending and impact crack propagation path was displaced by delamination cracks, which in turn lead to reduction in stress intensity of the main crack, playing an effective role in toughening the stainless steel clad plates. Moreover, the impact fracture morphologies of clad plates show a typical ductile-brittle transition phenomenon, which is attributed to the matrix softening behavior with the increasing rolling temperature.
The problem of setting out in civil engineering applications has been addressed in the literature for a long time. However, technological development has provided researchers with an opportunity of having other procedures in line with modern techniques in surveying sciences. One of the most important procedures in erecting steel structures, bridges, and precast columns of a building is the accurate placement of the anchorage system in concrete. The traditional method for staking out anchor bolts relies on sight rails, string lines, and tape measure. The precision of this art depends not only on the accuracy of observed offset distances during layout operations but also on the centerline of the anchoring template itself. Nowadays, the process of designing structures is executed using software that can perform a digital plan in CAD environment, where the coordinates of each anchor bolt can be defined. This research presents an accurate approach of positioning anchor bolts based on the second problem in surveying and total station. Error analysis and field application are described to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. However, the results indicate that the developed technique increases productivity, reduces the cost, and improves the positional accuracy.