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Research to estimate energy efficiency of a ventilation and air conditioning heat pump system inside a production premise with ventilation air recovery

Myhailo Kostiantynovych Bezrodny Tymofii Oleksiyovych Misiura

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2021 | vol. 42 | No 4 | 69-86 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2021.139651

Keywords Air conditioning Heat pump system Refrigeration efficiency recuperation

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Abstract

The research provides a thermodynamic analysis of the theoretical model of a ventilation and air conditioning heat pump system with the ventilation air cold energy recovery depending on outside air parameters, the recovery efficiency and characteristics of a premise. A confectionery production workshop was taken as a prototype where technological conditions (temperature and humidity) must be maintained during the warm season. Calculations using the method of successive approximations to estimate air parameters at system’s nodal points were conducted. It allowed to determine theoretical refrigeration efficiency of the studied system and proved advantages of heat recuperation for smaller energy consumption. The model can be applied for design of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning units which work as a heat pump. The studied system has the highest energy efficiency in the area of relatively low environment temperatures and relative humidity which is suitable for countries with temperate continental climates characterized by low relative humidity.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Myhailo Kostiantynovych Bezrodny

1

Tymofii Oleksiyovych Misiura

1

National Technical University of Ukraine, Igor Sikorsky, Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Prosp. Peremohy 37, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine

Selected Issues of the Technical Analysis of a Heating System Using the Direct Evaporation Heat Pump

Karol Tucki Michał Sikora Magdalena Karlikowska Wojciech Będkowski

Teka Commission of Motorization and Power Industry in Agriculture | 2016 | vol. 16 | No 1

Keywords heat pumps renewable energy sources energy management environment

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Abstract

The article describes selected issues falling within the scope of the technical analysis of a detached building’s heating system with a direct evaporation ground source heat pump installation. This paper covers the characteristics of modernized facility as well as calculations to determine the heat demand. What is more, the article describes the manner in which heat pumps shall be selected, its installation components as well as the receiving installation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karol Tucki

Michał Sikora

Magdalena Karlikowska

Wojciech Będkowski

Investigation of thermal-flow characteristics of the minichannel heat exchanger of variable louvers height

Artur Romaniak Michał Jan Kowalczyk Marcin Łęcki Artur Gutkowski Grzegorz Górecki

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 3 | 119-141 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2023.147540

Keywords CFD Heat transfer Heat pump Louvered fins Minichannel heat exchanger

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Abstract

The numerical simulation of the heat transfer in the flow channels of the minichannel heat exchanger was carried out. The applied model was validated on the experimental stand of an air heat pump. The influence of louver heights was investigated in the range from 0 mm (plain fin) to 7 mm (maximum height). The set of simulations was prepared in Ansys CFX. The research was carried out in a range of air inlet velocities from 1 to 5 m/s. The values of the Reynolds number achieved in the experimental tests ranged from 93 to 486. The dimensionless factors, the Colburn factor and friction factor, were calculated to evaluate heat transfer and pressure loss, respectively. The effectiveness of each louver height was evaluated using the parameter that relates to the heat transfer and the pressure drop in the airflow. The highest value of effectiveness (1.53) was achieved by the louver height of 7 mm for the Reynolds number of around 290.

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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Romaniak

1

Michał Jan Kowalczyk

1

Marcin Łęcki

1

Artur Gutkowski

1

Grzegorz Górecki

1

Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódz, Poland

Testing of a price-based system for power balancing on real-life HVAC installation in real life

Weronika Radziszewska Marcin A. Bugaj Mirosław Łuniewski Gerwin Hoogsteen Patryk Chaja Sebastian Bykuć

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 2 | e140690 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140690

Keywords distributed management heat pump HVAC power management waterloop

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Abstract

HVAC systems use a substantial part of the whole energy usage of buildings. The optimizing of their operation can greatly affect the power use of a building, making them an interesting subject when trying to save energy. However, this should not affect the comfort of the people inside. Many approaches aim to optimize the operation of the heating and cooling system; in this paper, we present an approach to steer the heat pumps to reduce energy usage while aiming to maintain a certain level of comfort. For this purpose, we employ a market-based distributed method for power-balancing. To maintain the comfort level, the market-based distributed system assigns each device a cost-curve, parametrized with the current temperature of the room. This allows the cost to reflect the urgency of the HVAC operation. This approach was tested in a real-world environment: we use 10 heat pumps responsible for temperature control in 10 comparable-sized rooms. The test was performed for 3 months in summer. We limited the total peak power, and the algorithm balanced the consumption of the heat pumps with the available supply. The experiments showed that the system successfully managed to operate within the limit (lowering peak usage), and - to a certain point - reduce the cost without significantly deteriorating the working conditions of the occupants of the rooms. This test allowed us to estimate the minimal peak power requirement for the tested set-up that will still keep the room temperatures in or close to comfortable levels. The experiments show that a fully distributed market-based approach with parametrized cost functions can be used to limit peak usage while maintaining temperatures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Weronika Radziszewska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin A. Bugaj

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mirosław Łuniewski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Gerwin Hoogsteen

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Patryk Chaja

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sebastian Bykuć

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Science, ul. Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Nowowiejska 21/25, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematica and Computer Science,University of Twente, PO BOX 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands

Thermal analysis of heat and power plant with high temperature reactor and intermediate steam cycle

Adam Fic Jan Składzień Michał Gabriel

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2015 | No 1 March | 3-18 | DOI: 10.1515/aoter-2015-0001

Keywords cogeneration system high-temperature reactor exergy analysis gas heat pumps numerical simulation

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Abstract

Thermal analysis of a heat and power plant with a high temperature gas cooled nuclear reactor is presented. The main aim of the considered system is to supply a technological process with the heat at suitably high temperature level. The considered unit is also used to produce electricity. The high temperature helium cooled nuclear reactor is the primary heat source in the system, which consists of: the reactor cooling cycle, the steam cycle and the gas heat pump cycle. Helium used as a carrier in the first cycle (classic Brayton cycle), which includes the reactor, delivers heat in a steam generator to produce superheated steam with required parameters of the intermediate cycle. The intermediate cycle is provided to transport energy from the reactor installation to the process installation requiring a high temperature heat. The distance between reactor and the process installation is assumed short and negligable, or alternatively equal to 1 km in the analysis. The system is also equipped with a high temperature argon heat pump to obtain the temperature level of a heat carrier required by a high temperature process. Thus, the steam of the intermediate cycle supplies a lower heat exchanger of the heat pump, a process heat exchanger at the medium temperature level and a classical steam turbine system (Rankine cycle). The main purpose of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the system considered and to assess whether such a three cycle cogeneration system is reasonable. Multivariant calculations have been carried out employing the developed mathematical model. The results have been presented in a form of the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the system as a function of the temperature drop in the high temperature process heat exchanger and the reactor pressure.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Fic

Jan Składzień

Michał Gabriel

Application of sorption heat pumps for increasing of new power sources efficiency

L. Vasiliev O. Filatova A. Tsitovich

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2010 | No 2 July | 21-43 | DOI: 10.2478/v10173-010-0007-8

Keywords fuel cells Sorbent materials Heat pumps Heat pipes Heat exchangers Trigeneration

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Abstract

In the 21st century the way to increase the efficiency of new sources of energy is directly related with extended exploration of renewable energy. This modern tendency ensures the fuel economy needs to be realized with nature protection. The increasing of new power sources efficiency (cogeneration, trigeneration systems, fuel cells, photovoltaic systems) can be performed by application of solid sorption heat pumps, regrigerators, heat and cold accumulators, heat transformers, natural gas and hydrogen storage systems and efficient heat exchangers.

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Authors and Affiliations

L. Vasiliev

O. Filatova

A. Tsitovich

Mathematical modelling of thermal and flow processes in vertical ground heat exchangers

Sebastian Pater Włodzimierz Ciesielczyk

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2017 | vol. 38 | No 4 | 523-533 | DOI: 10.1515/cpe-2017-0041

Keywords vertical ground heat exchanger borehole geothermal heat pumps thermal and flow processes

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Abstract

The main task of mathematical modelling of thermal and flow processes in vertical ground heat exchanger (BHE-Borehole Heat Exchanger) is to determine the unit of borehole depth heat flux obtainable or transferred during the operation of the installation. This assignment is indirectly associated with finding the circulating fluid temperature flowing out from the U-tube at a given inlet temperature of fluid in respect to other operational parameters of the installation.

The paper presents a model of thermal and flow processes in BHE consisting of two analytical models separately-handling processes occurring inside and outside of borehole. A quasi-three-dimensional model formulated by Zeng was used for modelling processes taking place inside the borehole and allowing to determine the temperature of the fluid in the U-tube along the axis of BHE. For modelling processes occurring outside the borehole a model that uses the theory of linear heat source was selected. The coupling parameters for the models are the temperature of the sealing material on the outer wall of the borehole and the average heat flow rate in BHE. Experimental verification of the proposed model was shown in relation to BHE cooperating with a heat pump in real conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Pater

Włodzimierz Ciesielczyk

Digital twins application in control systems for distributed generation of heat and electric energy

Makhsud Mansurovich Sultanov Edik Koirunovich Arakelyan Ilia Anatolevich Boldyrev Valentina Sergeevna Lunenko Pavel Dmitrievich Menshikov

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2021 | vol. 42 | No 2 | 89-101 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2021.137555

Keywords Solar collectors Heat pump Renewable energy complex Digital doubles Efficiency Reliability Safety

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Abstract

By the emergence of distributed energy resources, with their associated communication and control complexities, there is a need for an efficient platform that can digest all the incoming data and ensure the reliable operation of the power system, which can be achieved by using digital twins. The paper discusses the advantages of using digital twins in the development of control systems and operation of distributed heat and electric power generation facilities. The possibilities of using the digital doubles for increasing the efficiency of the considered objects is presented as the example of optimizing the configuration of a control system of solar collectors in the presence of heat losses in pipelines of the external circuit. Further, the total balance consumed and generated electric and heat energy are presented. Examples of algorithms for protecting equipment to improve security are given, and the possibilities of improving the reliability of distributed power systems are considered. The system use of the digital twins provides the possibility of developing and debugging control algorithms, which increase the efficiency, reliability and safety of control objects, including distributed thermal and electrical power generation complexes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Makhsud Mansurovich Sultanov

1

Edik Koirunovich Arakelyan

1

Ilia Anatolevich Boldyrev

1

Valentina Sergeevna Lunenko

1

Pavel Dmitrievich Menshikov

1

National Research University MPEI, Krasnokazarmennaya 17, Moscow, 111250 Russia

Study of the heat pump for a passenger electric vehicle based on refrigerant R744

Maria Laura Canteros Jiri Polansky

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 | 17-36 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2022.141976

Keywords R744 (CO2) Heat pump Battery electric vehicle Thermal comfort

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Abstract

Energy management plays a crucial role in cabin comfort as well as enormously affects the driving range. In this paper energy balances contemplating the implementation of a heat pump and an expansion device in battery electric vehicles are elaborated, by comparing the performances of refrigerants R1234yf and R744, from –20°C to 20°C. This work calculates the coefficient of performance, energy requirements for ventilation (from 1 to 5 people in the cabin) and energy required with the implementation of a heat pump, with the employment of a code in Python with the aid of Cool- Prop library. The work ratio is also estimated if the work recovery device recuperates the work during the expansion. Comments on the feasibility of the implementation are as well explicated. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of an expansion device in an heat pump may cover the energy requirement of the compressor from 27% to more than 35% at 20°C in cycles operating with R744, and from 15% to more than 20% with refrigerant R1234yf, considering different compressor efficiencies. At –20°C, it would be possible to recuperate between around 30 and 24%. However, the risk of suction when operating with R1234yf at ambient temperatures below –10°C shows that the heat pump can only operate with R744. Thus, it is the only refrigerant that achieves the reduction of energy consumption at these temperatures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Laura Canteros

1

Jiri Polansky

2

Czech Technical University in Prague, Jugoslávských partyzánu 1580/3, 160 00 Prague 6 – Dejvice, Czech Republic
ESI Group, Brojova 16, 326 00 Plzen, Czech Republic

Adsorption chiller in a combined heating and cooling system: simulation and optimization by neural networks

Jarosław Krzywanski Karol Sztekler Marcin Bugaj Wojciech Kalawa Karolina Grabowska Patryk Robert Chaja Marcin Sosnowski Wojciech Nowak Łukasz Mika Sebastian Bykuć

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 3 | e137054 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137054

Keywords adsorption heat pumps polygeneration cooling capacity low-grade thermal energy artificial neural networks soft computing

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Abstract

Adsorption cooling and desalination technologies have recently received more attention. Adsorption chillers, using eco-friendly refrigerants, provide promising abilities for low-grade waste heat recovery and utilization, especially renewable and waste heat of the near ambient temperature. However, due to the low coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling capacity (CC) of the chillers, they have not been widely commercialized. Although operating in combined heating and cooling (HC) systems, adsorption chillers allow more efficient conversion and management of low-grade sources of thermal energy, their operation is still not sufficiently recognized, and the improvement of their performance is still a challenging task. The paper introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) approach for the optimization study of a two-bed adsorption chiller operating in an existing combined HC system, driven by low-temperature heat from cogeneration. Artificial neural networks are employed to develop a model that allows estimating the behavior of the chiller. Two crucial energy efficiency and performance indicators of the adsorption chiller, i.e., CC and the COP, are examined during the study for different operating sceneries and a wide range of operating conditions. Thus this work provides useful guidance for the operating conditions of the adsorption chiller integrated into the HC system. For the considered range of input parameters, the highest CC and COP are equal to 12.7 and 0.65 kW, respectively. The developed model, based on the neurocomputing approach, constitutes an easy-to-use and powerful optimization tool for the adsorption chiller operating in the complex HC system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Krzywanski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Karol Sztekler

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Bugaj

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wojciech Kalawa

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Karolina Grabowska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Patryk Robert Chaja

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Sosnowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wojciech Nowak

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Łukasz Mika

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sebastian Bykuć

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Faculty of Science and Technology, ul. A. Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, ul. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, ul. Nowowiejska 24, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Distributed Energy, ul. Fiszera 14, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland

Increase of energy self-consumption in hybrid RES installations 1 with PV panels and air-source heat pumps

Sebastian Pater

Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 4 (24th Polish Conference of Chemical and Process Engineering, 13-16 June 2023, Szczecin, Poland. Guest editor: Prof. Rafał Rakoczy) | e43 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2023.147402

Keywords PV systems heat pumps renewable energy sources on-grid systems transient simulations

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Abstract

In recent years, European countries have experienced a noteworthy surge in the interest surrounding renewable energy sources, particularly the integration of photovoltaic (PV) panels with various types of heat pumps. This study aims to evaluate the energy performance of a grid19 connected hybrid installation, combining a PV array with an air-source heat pump (AHP), for domestic hot water preparation in a residential building located in Cracow, Poland. The primary focus of this evaluation is to assess the extent to which self-consumption (SC) of energy can be increased. The study utilizes Transient System Simulation Tool 18 software to construct and simulate various system models under different scenarios. These scenarios include building electricity consumption profiles, PV power systems, and the specified management of AHP. Analyses were conducted over a period of 1 year to assess the operational performance of the systems. In the considered installations, the differences in SC values between PV installation ranged from 9 to 25%. Notably, the highest SC values were observed during the winter months. AHP with operation control allows to obtain in some months of the year up to 35% higher value the SC parameter compared to systems without AHP. The highest annual 29 SC value recorded reached 83.9%. These findings highlight the crucial role of selecting an appropriate PV system size to maximize the SC parameter.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Pater

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland

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