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Terrain-aliasing effects on gravimetric geoid determination

Sujan Bajracharya Michael G. Sideris
Geodesy and Cartography | 2005 | vol. 54 | No 1 | 3-16
Keywords Aliasing gravimetric reduction digital terrain model geoid
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Abstract

This paper investigates the terrain-aliasing effects on geoid determination using different gravimetric reduction schemes. The high resolution of digital terrain model (DTM), if available, should be used for every gravimetric reduction scheme since it can precisely map the details of the terrain. The reduction methods used in this study are the Rudzki inversion method, Helmert's second method of condensation, the residual terrain model (RTM) method, and the Pratt-Hayford (PH) topographic-isostatic reduction technique. The effect of using different DTM grid resolutions of 6", 15", 30", 45", I' and 2' on gravity anomalies and absolute geoid undulations is studied for each of these reduction schemes. A rugged area in the Canadian Rockies bounded by latitude between 49°N and 54°N and longitude between 236°E and 246°E is selected to conduct numerical tests. Our results suggest that a DTM grid resolution of 6" or higher is required for precise geoid determination with an accuracy of a decimetre or higher for any gravimetric reduction method chosen to treat the topographical masses above the geoid in rugged areas. The most precise geoid models obtained in this test are the ones obtained using Rudzki, Helmert, and RTM methods with 6" DTM resolution.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sujan Bajracharya
Michael G. Sideris

Real-Time Positioning of Equipment and Material Tracking of Waste Streams in Surface Coal Mining – a Case Study

Dana Vrublová Roman Kapica Stanislav Smelik Markéta Smeliková
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 2 | 249-264 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2021.137460
Keywords bucket wheel excavator geology GNSS digital terrain model opencast mining real-time
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Abstract

The primary objective of the case study is to improve monitoring, controlling, planning and managing the extraction processes in surface lignite mining. Under the North Bohemian Lignite Basin (also Most Basin) conditions and the Sokolov Basin, wheeled excavators are deployed as the main technology for extracting coal and overlying rock. Their real-time spatial position can be tracked based on data from GNSS technology, inclinometers, and incremental rotary encoders. The measured data is sent to a remote server and stored in the database. It also serves to calculate volumes of extracted masses. Volume calculation, space position visualisation, and wheel boom movements are performed in KVASoftware. It is a program designed for modelling and designing quarries. Knowing the position of the wheel against the digital terrain (quarry), the model is essential for the implementation of many risk-elimination applications, namely with respect to the geological conditions, occupational safety, observance of the profile grade line, the area of extraction, qualitative parameters of the raw material, etc. The mathematical model of backfilling extracted materials is also an integral part of the above-mentioned system.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Dana Vrublová
1
ORCID: ORCID
Roman Kapica
2
ORCID: ORCID
Stanislav Smelik
3
ORCID: ORCID
Markéta Smeliková
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava , Faculty of Mining and Geology, Institute of Combined Studies in Most, Dělnická 21, Most, Czech Republic
  2. VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Department of Geodesy and Mine Surveying, 17. listopadu 15, Ostrava – Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
  3. Geodetic Office, Baška 111, 739 01 Baška, Czech Republic

Historical residues of iron ore mining in environs of the Holy Cross Mountains (the Góry Świętokrzyskie) are recognizable on the Digital Terrain Elevation Model (DEM) derived from the LIDAR data

Zygmunt Heliasz Stanisław Ostaficzuk
Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2020 | vol. 36 | No 4 | 161-186 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2020.133946
Keywords iron ore LIDAR digital elevation terrain model mining shafts waste heaps
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Abstract

Based on the analysis of the LIDAR terrain Digital Elevation Model (DEM), traces of opencast and underground mining of iron ore mining were located and classified. They occur in the zone of ore-bearing deposits outcropping on the north-eastern and north-western bounds of the Holy Cross Mountains. The DEM of an area covered by thirty-six (36) standard sheets of the Detailed Geological Map of Poland on a scale of 1:50,000 was thoroughly explored with remote sensing standards. Four types of ore recovery shafts with accompanying waste heaps were classified. The acquired data on the extent of former mining areas, covered with varying shafts and barren rock heaps could make a basis for distinguishing, according to historical data and in cooperation with archaeologists, the historical development stages of today’s steel industry. According to general knowledge, the iron industry in Europe instigate dates from the Roman times, in the Ist century BC to the IVth century AD, throughout the earlier and the late medieval times, up to the most recent the 1970ties. The usefulness of the LIDAR method has already been amazingly confirmed in archaeological researches worldwide. Many discoveries of ling forgotten, even large entities resulting from human activities in Asia and Central America especially were discovered owed to the LIDAR DEM. Also, traces of human settlements from various historical periods were discovered that way in Poland. The applicability of DEM based on LIDAR data is, in geological studies of surficial geodynamic processes and in geological mapping in Poland, rather contested.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zygmunt Heliasz
Stanisław Ostaficzuk

Evaluation of digital terrain models in Poland in view of a cm geoid modelling

Jan Kryński Magdalena Mank Małgorzata Grzyb
Geodesy and Cartography | 2005 | vol. 54 | No 4 | 155-175
Keywords digital terrain model DTED SRTM heights of gravity stations DTM evaluation mean gravity anomalies
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Abstract

Calculation of the effect of topography on the observed gravity becomes particularly important when modelling high-precision geoid. It requires a digital terrain model of appropriate resolution and accuracy. Various global, regional and local digital terrain models of different accuracy and resolution are recently available. Evaluation of the DTM used is required for verification and validation of its quality as well as for estimating accuracy of geoid model derived with considering the effect of topographic masses. Two DTMs: the SRTM3 of 3" x 3" resolution and the national DTM for Poland of l" x l" or l" x 2" resolution - called DTED2 - were evaluated with use of high-resolution local DTMs developed using digital photogrammetry of 25 m x 25 m as well as the regional model in Tatra mountains of 10 m x 10 m. Then the heights of almost 1000 GPS/levelling stations of Polish geodetic control were compared with the heights from the DTED2 model. The heights of over a million of gravity stations from gravity database, that were the basis of previous geoid modelling in Poland, were also compared with the heights from the DTED2 model. The effect of uncertainty of a DTM on estimation of mean gravity anomalies was discussed. In particular, the effect of replacing heights from gravity database with the heights from the DTED2 model in the process of calculating mean gravity anomalies, on the accuracy of geoid modelling was investigated. The use of the DTED2 model is at present recommended for determination of precise geoid model in Poland.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Kryński
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Mank
Małgorzata Grzyb

The effect of topography and quality of a digital terrain model on the accuracy of terrain corrections for centimetre quasigeoid modelling

Małgorzata Grzyb Jan Kryński Magdalena Mank
Geodesy and Cartography | 2006 | vol. 55 | No 1 | 23-46
Keywords terrain correction digital terrain model DTED SRTM prism method FFT quasigeoid
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Abstract

Modelling quasigeoid with centimetre accuracy requires taking into account irregularities of topography in the vicinity of a gravity station. i.e. the terrain correction w surveyed gravity. Accuracy of determination of the terrain correction affects quality of quasi geoid model determined. It depends on the resolution and accuracy of terrain data that usually is provided in the form of a digital terrain model DTM. Investigations were conducted with the use of the Digital Terrain Elevation Data - DTED2 model developed for Poland according to the NATO-STANAG 3809 standard, as well as global models SRTM3 and SRTM30 (The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). Also height data from the gravity database was considered. The prism method of determination of terrain corrections was applied in majority of numerical tests. Practical method for determining the optimum radius of the integration cap considering roughness of topography as well as required accuracy of terrain corrections was developed. The effect of vertical and horizontal uncertainty of a DTM as well as its resolution on the quality of the terrain corrections was investigated. The terrain corrections obtained using a prism method were also compared with the respective ones calculated using the FIT approach. The usefulness of the available topography data for precise terrain correction computation in Poland was discussed. The results of the investigations were used to determining the strategy of computation of the terrain corrections to point gravity data in the gravity database for Poland. The "2005" terrain correction set calculated for I 078 046 gravity stations contributes to the increase of precision of gravimetric quasigeoid models developed for Poland.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Grzyb
Jan Kryński
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Mank

Method for accuracy assessment of topo-bathymetric surface models based on geospatial data recorded by UAV and USV vehicles

Oktawia Lewicka
Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2023 | vol. 30 | No 3 | 461-480 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2023.146421
Keywords terrain modelling coastal zone geospatial data unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) UnmannedSurface Vehicle (USV)
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Abstract

Geospatial data obtained using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) are increasingly used to model the terrain in the coastal zone, in particular in shallow waterbodies (with a depth of up to 1 m). In order to generate a terrain relief, it is important to choose a method for modelling that will allow it to be accurately projected. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present a method for accuracy assessment of topo-bathymetric surface models based on geospatial data recorded by UAV and USV vehicles. Bathymetric and photogrammetric measurements were carried out on the waterbody adjacent to the public beach in Gdynia (Poland) in 2022 using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK UAV and an AutoDron USV. The geospatial data integration process was performed in the Surfer software. As a result, Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) in the coastal zone were developed using the following terrain modelling methods: Inverse Distance to a Power (IDP), Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), kriging, the Modified Shepard’s Method (MSM) and Natural Neighbour Interpolation (NNI). The conducted study does not clearly indicate any of the methods, as the selection of the method is also affected by the visualization of the generated model. However, having compared the accuracy measures of the charts and models obtained, it was concluded that for this type of data, the kriging (linear model) method was the best. Very good results were also obtained for the NNI method. The lowest value of the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) (0.030 m) and the lowest value of the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (0.011 m) were noted for the GRID model interpolated with the kriging (linear model) method. Moreover, the NNI and kriging (linear model) methods obtained the highest coefficient of determination value (0.999). The NNI method has the lowest value of the R68 measure (0.009 m), while the lowest value of the R95 measure (0.033 m) was noted for the kriging (linear model) method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oktawia Lewicka
1 2
  1. Department of Geodesy and Oceanography, Gdynia Maritime University, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
  2. Marine Technology Ltd., ul. Wiktora Roszczynialskiego 4-6, 81-521 Gdynia, Poland

The assessment of elevation data consistency. A case study using the ALS and georeference database in the City of Kraków

Izabela Piech Agnieszka Policht-Latawiec Lenka Lackóová Paulina Inglot
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 59 | 135-144 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.147238
Keywords airborne laser scanning (ALS) Digital Surface Model (DSM) Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Georeference Database of Topographic Objects (BDOT500) IT System for the Protection of the Country (ISOK) point cloud
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Abstract

The integration of geodetic and photogrammetric data has become a new tool that has expanded the existing measurement capabilities, as well as it found its application outside the geodetic sector. As a result, over the past decades, the process of topographic data acquisition has caused cartographic industry to move from classical surveying methods to passive and active detection methods. The introduction of remote sensing technology has not only improved the speed of data acquisition but has also provided elevation data for areas that are difficult to access and survey. The aim of the work is to analyse consistency of elevation data from the Georeference Database of Topographic Objects (Pol. Baza danych obiektów topograficznych – BDOT500) with data from airborne laser scanning (ALS) for selected 15 research areas located in the City of Kraków. The main findings reveal discrepancies between elevation data sources, potentially affecting the accuracy of various applications, such as flood risk assessment, urban planning, and environmental management. The research gap identified in the study might stem from the lack of comprehensive investigations into the consistency and accuracy of elevation data across different databases and technologies in urban areas. This gap highlights the need for a thorough examination of the reliability of various data sources and methods of urban planning, disaster management, and environmental analysis. The integration of diverse databases and technologies, like ALS and geodetic measurements, in various applications introduces potential discrepancies that can significantly impact decision-making and outcomes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Izabela Piech
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Policht-Latawiec
1
ORCID: ORCID
Lenka Lackóová
ORCID: ORCID
Paulina Inglot
1 2
  1. University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, al. Adama Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
  2. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Department of Landscape Planning and Ground Consolidation, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic

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