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Modelling of the sealing process in hydraulic cylinders

Czesław Pazoła

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2003 | vol. 50 | No 3 | 283-301

Keywords hydraulic cylinder sealing life forecasting

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Abstract

The paper presents a model of the sealing process in kinematic pairs of hydraulic cylinders with elastic seals and an analytical form of this model based on the results obtained by the author. The prepared model distinguishes rheological parameters, allowing one to determine the criteria of a correct course of the sealing process and to forecast the operating time for the seals. Exemplary test results and their analysis are presented, too. It results from the analysis that leakage efficiency through the seal is dependent on the sealing pressure determined by the parameter 8, and it is unstable in relation to this parameter. Basing on this fact, the author determined conditions of hydrodynamic convection of the sealing and elaborated an analytical model of the sealing process including roughness of the piston rod surface as well as the seal flexibility.

Authors and Affiliations

Czesław Pazoła

Effect of heat transfer correlation on wet cylinder liner temperature distribution when converting an old engine into a turbocharged engine

Kien Nguyen Trung

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2021 | vol. 42 | No 3 | 159-172 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2021.138114

Keywords Heat transfer correlation Turbocharged engine Cylinder liner distribution Supercharging

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Abstract

For conventional diesel engines, two of the most widely used global correlations are due to Woschni and Hohenberg. Besides, the modern diesel engines used a new heat transfer coefficient correlation was proposed by Finol and Robinson. In Vietnam, improving engine power density is a trend of improving non-turbocharged base engines by using a supercharging system with exhaust gas energy recovery. Increasing engine power by the turbocharger is limited for two reasons: mechanical stress and thermal stress of the components surrounding the combustion chamber. In general, the heat transfer coefficient has a major effect on heat transfer rate, especially during the combustion process. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the cylinder distribution results from the simulation using the equations of Woschni and Hohenberg and compare to the experiment results when converting an old heavy-duty engine into a turbocharged engine. Results show that the cylinder distribution using Hohenberg’s correlation has a good agreement with the experiment results, especially in the case of a turbocharged engine.

Bibliography

[1] Caton J.A.: An Introduction to Thermodynamic Cycle Simulations for Internal Combustion Engines. Wiley, 2016.
[2] Kurowski M.: Heat transfer coefficient measurements on curved surfaces. Arch. Thermodyn. 42(2021), 2, 155–170.
[3] Nusselt W.: Der Warmeubergang in der Verbrennungskrafmaschine. V.D.I. Forschungsheft 264(1923).
[4] Annand W.J.D.: Heat transfer in the cylinders of reciprocating internal combustion engines. P.I. Mech. Eng. 177(1963), 36, 973–996.
[5] Eichelberg G.: Some new investigations on old combustion engine problems. Engineering 148(1939), 463–466, 547–550.
[6] Woschni G.: A universally applicable equation for the instantaneous heat transfer coefficient in the internal combustion engine. SAE Transactions 76(1967), 670931, 3065–3083.
[7] Hohenberg G.F.: Advanced approaches for heat transfer calculations. SAE Tech. Pap. 790825(1979).
[8] Finol C.A., Robinson K.: Thermal modelling of modern engines: A review of empirical correlations to estimate the in-cylinder heat transfer coefficient. P.I. Mech. Eng. D-J. Aut. 220(2006), 12, 1765–1781.
[9] Finol C.A., Robinson K.: Thermal modelling of modern diesel engines: proposal of a new heat transfer coefficient correlation. P.I. Mech. Eng. D-J. Aut. 225(2011), 11, 1544–1560.
[10] Parra C.A.F.: Heat transfer investigations in a modern diesel engine. PhD thesis, Univ. Bath, Bath 2008.
[11] Hiereth H., Prenninger P.: Charging the Internal Combustion Engine. Springer, Wien New York 2007.
[12] Pan M., Qian W., Wei H., Feng D., Pan J.: Effects on performance and emissions of gasoline compression ignition engine over a wide range of internal exhaust gas recirculation rates under lean conditions. Fuel 265(2020), 116881.
[13] Trung K.N.: A Study for determination of the pressure ratio of the V12 diesel engine based on the heat flow density to cooling water. In: Advances in Engineering Research and Application. (K.U. Sattler., D.C. Nguyen, N.P. Vu, B.T. Long., H. Puta, Eds.), Proc. ICERA 2020, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol. 178, Springer, 2021, 64–74.
[14] Thompson M.K., Thompson J.M.: ANSYS Mechanical APDL for Finite Element Analysis. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2017.
[15] Trung K.N.: The temperature distribution of the wet cylinder liner of V-12 engine according to calculation and experiment. J. Therm. Eng. 7(2021), 2 (Spec. iss.),
[16] Heywood J.B.: Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals (2nd Edn.). McGraw- Hill Education, 2018.

Authors and Affiliations

Kien Nguyen Trung

1 2

Phenikaa University, Faculty of Vehicle and Energy Engineering, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha-Dong District, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute, A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, 167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam

Unconfined laminar nanofluid flow and heat transfer around a rotating circular cylinder dissipating uniform heat flux in the steady regime

Rafik Bouakkaz Abded El Ouahed Ouali Yacine Khelili Salhi Faouzi Ilyes Tiauiria

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2019 | vol. 40 | No 4 | 3-20 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2019.130005

Keywords Copper nanoparticles Rotating circular cylinder Dissipating uniform heatflux Steady regime

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Abstract

In this work, steady flow-field and heat transfer through a copper-water nanofluid around a rotating circular cylinder, dissipating uniform heat flux, with a constant non-dimensional rotation rate varying from 0 to 5 was investigated numerically using a finite-volume method for Reynolds numbers from the range 10–40. Furthermore, the range of nanoparticle volume fractions considered is 0–5%. The variation of the local and the average Nusselt numbers with Reynolds number, volume fractions, and rotation rate are presented for the range of conditions. The average Nusselt number is found to increase with increasing the nanoparticle volume fractions and decrease with increasing value of the rotation rate.

Authors and Affiliations

Rafik Bouakkaz

Abded El Ouahed Ouali

Yacine Khelili

Salhi Faouzi

Ilyes Tiauiria

Mold Temperature and Its Effect on Selected Properties of Cast AlSi5Cu2Mg Alloy

L. Širanec D. Bolibruchová M. Chalupová

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2022 | vol. 22 | No 2 | 57-62 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2022.140225

Keywords Mold temperature AlSi5Cu2Mg Cylinder head

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Abstract

The European Commission's ambitious plan to reduce CO2 emissions has a significant impact on the global automotive industry. Recent development of new diesel and petrol engines with direct injection is aimed at improving fuel efficiency while maintaining (or enhancing) engine performance. This naturally also increases the demands on the properties of the most stressed engine components (e.g., cylinder heads, engine blocks, pistons), which leads to the development of new materials. Presented work analysed the effect of different mold temperatures (60; 120; 180 °C) on mechanical, physical properties and microstructure of AlSi5Cu2Mg aluminium alloy. This alloy is currently being used for the production of cylinder head castings. The results showed that the changing mold temperature had an effect on mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength and Young modulus values). SEM with EDX analysis of intermetallic phases revealed there were no size and morphology changes of Cu, Mg and Fe intermetallic phases when the mold temperature changed. No significant effect of different mold temperature on physical properties (thermal and electrical conductivity) and fracture mechanism occurred during experiment. Optimal combination of mechanical and physical properties of AlSi5Cu2Mg alloy was achieved using a permanent mold with temperature ranging from 120 to 180 °C.

Bibliography

[1] Skrabulakova, E.F, Ivanova, M., Rosova, A., Gresova, E., Sofranko, M. & Ferencz, V. (2021). On electromobility development and the calculation of the infrastructural country electromobility coefficient. Processes. 9(2), 1-28. DOI: 10.3390/pr9020222.
[2] Murthy, V. & Girish, K. (2021). A comprehensive review of battery technology for E-mobility. Journal of the Indian chemical society. 98(10), 100173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100173.
[3] Trovao, J. (2021). Electromobility innovation trends [automotive electronics]. IEEE vehicular technology magazine. 16(3), 153-161. DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2021.3091798.
[4] Venticinque, S., Martino, B., Aversa, R., Natvig, M., Jiang, S. & Sard, R. (2021). Evaluation of innovative solutions for e-mobility. International journal of grid and utility computing. 12(2), 159-172. DOI: 10.1504/IJGUC.2021.114829.
[5] Hajdúch, P., Djurdjevic, M. B. & Bolibruchová, D. (2020). New trends in the production of aluminum castings for the automotive industry. Slévarenství. 1-2, 5-7.
[6] Hoag, K. & Dondlinger, B. (2016). Cylinder block and head materials and manufacturing. In Kevin Hoag & Brian Dondlinger (Eds.), Vehicular engine design (pp. 97-115). Springer, Vienna. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1859-77.
[7] Kores, S., Zak, H. & Tonn, B. (2008). Aluminium alloys for cylinder heads. Materials and Geoenvironment. 55, 307-317.
[8] Podprocká, R. & Bolibruchová, D. (2017). Iron intermetallic phases in the alloy based on Al-Si-Mg by applying manganese. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 17(3), 217-221. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2017-0118.
[9] Vincze, F., Tokár, M., Gegyverneki, G. & Gyarmati, G. (2020). Examination of the eutectic modifying effect of Sr on an Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy using various technological parameters. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 20(3), 79-84. 10.24425/afe.2020.133334
[10] Djurdjevič, M.B., Vicario, I. & Huber, G. (2014). Review of thermal analysis applications in aluminium casting plants. Revista de Metalurgia. 50(1), 1-12. DOI: 10.3989/revmetalm.004
[11] Canales, A., Silva, J., Gloria, D. & Colar, R. (2010). Thermal analysis during solidification of cast Al-Si alloys. Thermochimica Acta. 510(1-2), 82-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2010.06.026.
[12] Tillová, E., Chalupová, M. (2009). Structural analysis of Al-Si alloys. Žilina: EDIS – vydavateľstvo ŽU.

Authors and Affiliations

L. Širanec

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

D. Bolibruchová

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Chalupová

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Technological Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Slovakia

Application of eroding thermocouples in experimental determination of unsteady heat flux inside a compressor cylinder

Stanisław Jędrzejowski

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2002 | vol. 49 | No 4 | 355-365

Keywords heal transfer compressor cylinder eroding thermocouple surface temperature

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Abstract

The knowledge of heat transfer processes inside a compressor cylinder is very important from the technical point of view. An adiabatic model of compression can be assumed in theoretical investigations. In practice, the compressor cylinder is always coo_led to decrease the compression work and to reduce the final temperature of a medium being compressed. This paper presents applications of the NANMAC eroding thermocouples to record temperature time histories of surfaces taking a part in the heat exchange during the compression cycle. The thermocouple construction and junction technology ensure a very small thermal inertia. The response time is of the order of I O μs. The eroding thermocouple was used to measure an instantaneous surface temperature of a plate closing the cylinder and the piston head temperature. Because of very low value of the thermoelectric signal, an amplifier of a very high gain and reasonable bandwidth was required. This induced noise of significant amplitude. The recorded experimental data were numerically processed in order to exclude the noise of measurement circuits, and then the data were used to calculate local heat flux rates. To ensure repeatability of the measurements, the experiments were canied out in a specially prepared set-up allowing single compression cycles to be performed.

Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Jędrzejowski

A new model for predicting the axial compression capacity of reinforced concrete cylinders strengthened with CFRP

Guang Guo Li Zhou Bangkang Wang

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 389-404 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2024.148918

Keywords innovative model axial compression capacity reinforced concrete cylinder CFRP

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Abstract

Numerous scholars have identified the shortcomings of imprecise terminology and substantial computational inaccuracies in the current models for predicting the axial compression capacity of CFRPstrengthened reinforced concrete (RC) cylinders. To improve the prediction accuracy of the axial compressive capacity model for CFRP-strengthened RC cylinders, the present axial compressive capacity model for CFRP-strengthened RC cylinders was scrutinized and evaluated. Drawing on Mander’s constraint theory and the concrete triaxial strength model, a novel axial compressive capacity model for CFRP-strengthened RC cylinders was proposed. This study collected 116 experimental data on the axial compression of CFRP-strengthened RC cylinders and analyzed the accuracy of various models using the data. The findings indicate that the model proposed in this study outperforms other models in predicting axial compression capacity and demonstrates high prediction accuracy. Furthermore, an analysis is conducted on the variation law of the model’s predicted value with respect to the design parameters. The proposed model in this study identifies concrete strength, stirrup spacing, and elastic modulus of CFRP as the primary factors that influence the axial compression capacity of CFRP-strengthened RC cylinders.

Authors and Affiliations

Guang Guo

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Li Zhou

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bangkang Wang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, China

Design Sensitivity Studies on a Hydroacoustic Projector Using an Experimentally Validated Easy-to-Build Model

Vattaparambil Sreedharan Sreejith Nachiketa Tiwari

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 1 | 113-124 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.140737

Keywords low frequency sound source underwater transducer fluid power hydro-electro-mechano-acousticanalogy hydraulic valve piston cylinder

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Abstract

Hydroacoustic projectors are useful for generating low frequency sounds in water. Existing works on hydroacoustic projectors require two significant enhancements, especially for designers. First, we need to understand the influence of important projector design parameters on its performance. Such insights can be very useful in developing a compact and efficient projector. Second, there is a need for an integrated model of the projector based on easily available and user-friendly numerical tools which do not require development of complex customised mathematical analogs of projector components. The present work addresses both such needs. Towards these goals, an experimentally validated, easy-to-build projector model was developed and used to conduct design sensitivity studies. We show that reductions in pipe compliance and air content in oil, and an increase in orifice discharge coefficient can yield remarkable improvements in projector’s SPL. We also show that reductions in pipe length and cylinder diameter cause moderate improvements in performance in mass and stiffness controlled regions, respectively. In contrast, the projector performance is insensitive to changes in pistonic mass, cylinder length, and diaphragm stiffness. Finally, we report that while pipe compliance and air content in oil can sharply alter system resonance, the effects of changes in pipe length and pistonic mass on it are moderate in nature.

Authors and Affiliations

Vattaparambil Sreedharan Sreejith

1

Nachiketa Tiwari

1

Dhwani Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India

Application of innovative solutions to improve the efficiency of the LPC flow part of the 220 MW NPP steam turbine

Andrii Rusanov Viktor Subotin Viktor Shvetsov Roman Rusanov Serhii Palkov Ihor Palkov Marina Chugay

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 1 | 63-87 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2022.140925

Keywords Steam turbine Low-pressure cylinder Flow part Meridional contours Spatial flow Computational investigations

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Abstract

The results of the gas-dynamic calculation of the low-pressure cylinder flow part of the K-220-44 type steam turbine intended for operation at nuclear power plants are presented. The ways of the flow part improvement were determined. Some of those ways include the use of innovative approaches that were not previously used in steam turbines. The design of the new flow part was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive methodology implemented in the IPMFlow software package. The methodology includes gas-dynamic calculations of various levels of complexity, as well as methods for analytical construction of the spatial shape of the blade tracts based on a limited number of parameterized values. The real thermodynamic properties of water and steam were taken into account in 3D calculations of turbulent flows. At the final step, end-to-end 3D calculations of the lowpressure cylinder that consists of 5 stages were performed. The technology of parallel computing was applied in those calculations. It is shown that due to the application of innovative solutions, a significant increase in efficiency can be achieved in the developed low-pressure cylinder.

Bibliography

[1] Rosenkranz G.: Myths of Nuclear Energy. How we are deceived by the Energy Lobby. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Brussels 2010.
[2] Duffey R., Pioro I.: Ensuring the Future of Nuclear Power. ASME Mech. Eng. 141(2019), 11, 30–35.
[3] Moore Ch., Brown S., Alparslan U., Cremona E., Alster G.: European Electricity Review 6-month update H1-2021. Ember, July 2021. https://emberclimate.org/project/european-electricity-review-h1-2021/ (accessed 16 Sept. 2021).
[4] Directive 2004/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 on the promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market and amending Directive 92/42/EEC. O.J.L 52/50, 11 Feb. 2004, p. 60.
[5] Alparslan U.: Turkey, Ukraine and Western Balkan countries compete for top spot in coal power air pollution in Europe. Ember, May 25, 2021. https://emberclimate.org/commentary/2021/05/25/coal-power-air-pollution/ (accessed 16 Sept. 2021).
[6] Maradin D.: Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources utilization. Int. J. Energ. Econ. Policy 11(2021), 3, 176-183.
[7] Nuclear Power in the European Union. World-Nuclear Assoc. rep. Feb. 2021. https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/others/europeanunion.aspx (accessed 16 Sept. 2021).
[8] Nuclear Power in the World Today. World-Nuclear Assoc. rep., June 2021. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/current-and-future-generation/nuclear-powerin-the-world-today.aspx (accessed 16 Sept. 2021).
[9] Ojovan M.I., Lee W.E.: An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation. Elsevier, Amsterdam 2005.
[10] Energoatom and Westinghouse strengthen bilateral cooperation. Energoatom. https://www.energoatom.com.ua/en/press_center-19/company-20/p/energoatom_ and_westinghouse_strengthen_bilateral_cooperation-47995 (accessed 20 Sept. 2021).
[11] Hibbs M.: The Future of Nuclear Power in China. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC 2018.
[12] EIA Open Data. U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/ (accessed 15 Aug. 2021).
[13] Jun G., Kolovratník M., Hoznedl M.: Wet steam flow in 1100 MW turbine. Arch. Thermodyn. 42(2021), 3, 63–85.
[14] Shvetsov V., Galatsan V.: PJSC “Turboatom” works in modernization and improvement of NPP turbines. Bull. National Technical University “KhPI”, ser. Power Heat Eng. Process. Equip. (2007), 2, 6–10 (in Russian).
[15] Lifetime extension of SE ZNPP power units. Zaporizhzhia NPP. https://www.npp.zp.ua/en/activities/lifetime-extension (accessed 15 Sept. 2021).
[16] Nuclear Power in Ukraine. World-Nuclear Association, rep. from Aug. 2021. https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/ukraine.aspx (accessed 16 Sept. 2021).
[17] Yershov S., Rusanov A., Gardzilewicz A., Lampart P.: Calculations of 3D viscous compressible turbomachinery flows. In: Proc. 2nd Symp. on Comp. Technologies for Fluid/Thermal/Chemical Systems with Industrial Applications. ASME PVP Division Conf., 1-5 August 1999, Boston, PVP, 397.2(1999), 143–154.
[18] Menter F.R.: Two-equation eddy viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. AIAA J. 32 (1994), 8, 1598–1605.
[19] Rusanov A.V., Lampart P., Pashchenko N.V., Rusanov R.A.: Modelling 3D steam turbine flow using thermodynamic properties of steam IAPWS-95. Pol. Marit. Res. 23(2016), 1, 61–67.
[20] Rusanov A., Rusanov R., Klonowicz P., Lampart P., Zywica G., Borsukiewicz A.: Development and experimental validation of real fluid models for CFD calculation of ORC and steam turbine flows. Materials 14(2021), 6879.
[21] Lampart P., Gardzilewicz A., Rusanov A., Yershov S.: The effect of stator blade compound lean and twist on flow characteristics of a turbine stage - numerical study based on 3D RANS simulations. In: Proc. 2nd Symp. on Comp. Technologies for Fluid/Thermal/Chemical Systems with Industrial Applications, ASME PVP Div. Conf., 1–5 Aug. 1999, Boston 397.2 (1999), 195–204.
[22] Fischer P.F., Venugopal M.: A commercial CFD application on a shared memory multiprocessor using MPI. Editor(s): In: Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics 1995 (A. Ecer, J. Periaux, N. Satdfuka, S. Taylor, Eds.). North-Holland, 1996, 231– 238.
[23] Rusanov A., Rusanov R., Lampart P.: Designing and updating the flow part of axial and radial-axial turbines through mathematical modeling. Open Eng. 5(2015), 399–410.
[24] Kosiak Yu.F.: Steam Turbine for Nuclear Power Plants. Energia, Moscow 1978 (in Russian).
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[26] Miettinen E., Loukia A., Vuorennaia A.: Experience in setting up and operating the turbine unit of the NPP “Loviisa-1”. Teploenergetika (1980), 2, 36–40 (in Russian).
[27] Konovalov G.M., Korsh A.K., Pomerantsev L.I.: Efficiency of serial NPP units with a capacity of 440 MW with VVER 440 reactors. Teploenergetika (1975), 9, 52–56 (in Russian).
[28] Arkadiev B.A.: Nuclear Power Plant Turbine Operation Modes. Energoizdat, Moscow 1986 (in Russian).

Authors and Affiliations

Andrii Rusanov

1

Viktor Subotin

2

Viktor Shvetsov

2

Roman Rusanov

1

Serhii Palkov

1 2

Ihor Palkov

1 2

Marina Chugay

1

The A.N. Podgorny Institute for Mechanical Engineering Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pozharsky 2/10, 61046 Kharkiv, Ukraine
JSC “Ukrainian Energy Machines” Moskovsky 199, 61037 Kharkiv, Ukraine

Effect of aiding buoyancy on heat transfer from an isothermal square cylinder in power-law fluids

Pragya Mishra Lubhani Mishra Anurag Kumar Tiwari

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 265-270 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140830

Keywords mixed convection power-law fluids square cylinder aiding-buoyancy Nusselt number

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore the influence of aiding buoyancy on mixed convection heat transfer in power-law fluids from an isothermally heated unconfined square cylinder. Extensive numerical results on drag coefficient and surface averaged values of the Nusselt number are reported over a wide range of parameters i.e. Richardson number, 0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 5, power-law index, 0.4 ≤ n ≤ 1.8, Reynolds number, 0.1 ≤ Re ≤ 40, and Prandtl number, 1 ≤ Pr ≤ 100. Further, streamline profiles and isotherm contours are presented herein to provide an insight view of the detailed flow kinematics.

Authors and Affiliations

Pragya Mishra

1

Lubhani Mishra

2

Anurag Kumar Tiwari

3

Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hyderabad, Telangana 500075, India
The University of Texas at Austin, Walker Department of Mechanical & Material Science Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, Austin, TX 78705, USA
National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Department of Chemical Engineering, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India

A two-dimensional study to aid the prototype designing of mono-mode microwave blood warmer

Sushma Kumari Sujoy Kumar Samanta

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 147-157 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140817

Keywords microwave 2D cylinder blood warmer human blood lateral/radial irradiations

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Abstract

This meticulous analysiswas performed to guide in the designing of a prototypemono-mode microwave blood warmer. The interaction of two-dimensional cylindrical blood samples with the microwave was performed through two different techniques i.e., lateral and radial irradiations. The study found the preference for interaction techniques corresponding to different frequencies, intensities, sample sizes and procedure durations. The study of the areal positioning of power and temperature at specific peak points generated the information on warming rate and thermal homogeneity inside the sample. High warming rate along with low thermal non-homogeneity were the chosen criteria to decide the requirement of rotation during the warming procedure. At the frequency of 915 MHz, no rotation was recommended for samples irrespective of sizes for optimal warming. Rotation for small and large samples and no rotation for medium sized samples were recommended to achieve homogenously warmed human blood samples at the frequency of 2450 MHz. Specific recommendations for different case studies were also made with respect to the sample size, radiation intensity and procedure duration to draw reciprocity amongst them. Considering all the aspects, the present work recommended an efficient way for designing of a prototype for enhanced microwave facilitated intravenous fluid warmer.

Authors and Affiliations

Sushma Kumari

1

Sujoy Kumar Samanta

1

Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Bihta, Patna – 801106, India

Heat transfer study from square cylinder immersed in water-based nanofluid: Effect of orientation

Jaspinder Kaur Jatinder Kumar Ratan Anurag Kumar Tiwari

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 243-250 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140827

Keywords inclined square cylinder nanofluids Reynolds number Prandtl number steady flow regime

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Abstract

Heat transfer study from the heated square cylinder at a different orientation angle to the stream of nanofluids has been investigated numerically. CuO-based nanofluids were used to elucidate the significant effect of parameters: Reynolds number (1–40), nanoparticle volume fraction (0.00–0.05), the diameter of the NPs (30–100 mn) and the orientation of square cylinder (0–90°). The numerical results were expressed in terms of isotherm contours and average Nusselt number to explain the effect of relevant parameters. Over the range of conditions, the separation of the boundary layers of nanofluids increased with the size of the NPs as compared to pure water. NPs volume fraction and its size had a significant effect on heat transfer rate. The square cylinder of orientation angle (45°) gained a more efficient heat transfer cylinder than other orientation angles. Finally, the correlations were developed for the average Nusselt number in terms of the relevant parameters for 45° orientation of the cylinder for new applications.

Authors and Affiliations

Jaspinder Kaur

1

Jatinder Kumar Ratan

1

Anurag Kumar Tiwari

1

Dr B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandar Punjab, Chemical Engineering Department, Pin code 144011, India

Numerical investigation of vortex wake patterns of laminar flow around two side-by-side cylinders

Van Luc Nguyen Duy Knanh Ho

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 541-565 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2022.141517

Keywords viscous fluid vortex shedding vortex wake pattern vortex-in-cell method two side-by-side cylinders

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Abstract

The laminar flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders was numerically investigated using a vortex-in-cell method combined with a continuous-forcing immersed boundary method. The Reynolds number (Re) of the flow was examined in the range from 40 to 200, and the distance between the cylinders varies from 1.2 D to 6 D, where D is the cylinder diameter. Simulation results show that the vortex wake is classified into eight patterns, such as single-bluff-body, meandering-motion, steady, deflected-in-one-direction, flip-flopping, anti-phase-synchronization, in-phase-synchronization, and phase-difference-synchronization, significantly depending on the Re, the cylinder distance, and the initial external disturbance effects. The anti-phase-synchronization, in-phase-synchronization, and phase-difference-synchronization vortex patterns can be switched at a low Re after a long time evolution of the flow. In particular, the single-bluff-body and flip-flopping vortex patterns excite the oscillation amplitude of the drag and lift coefficients exerted on the cylinders.

Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Van Luc Nguyen

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Duy Knanh Ho

1

Institute of Engineering and Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam

A model of the steam compression process in a piston reactor

Damian Joachimiak Tomasz Borowczyk Magda Joachimiak

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 4 | 261-284 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2023.149725

Keywords steam critical water parameters piston-cylinder system compression rings thermodynamic parameters Piston reactor heat transfer

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Abstract

The paper discusses the possible determination of steam parameters in a new type of piston machine for steam compression to generate supercritical water parameters. It presents a calculation model that allows one to simulate the process of steam compression in a cylinder with volume regulated by the piston position. In each calculation step, the steam parameters were determined on the basis of fast adiabatic changes which were corrected by the effect of leakage and heat transfer occurrence. The seal of the reactor was assumed to be a compression ring. Depending on the pressure drop on the seal, subcritical and supercritical flow was taken into account. The leak was corrected by the coefficient of flow contraction. Heat transfer was determined by equations for the Nusselt number for water and steam from the homogenous area. The programmed model allows one to simulate changes in the thermodynamic parameters of steam during the process of steam compression with any calculation step. The results presented in this paper show that the application of one compression ring allows us to obtain supercritical steam parameters. Various degrees of sealing leak tightness and their impact on the changeability of steam parameters were analyzed. Heat transfer was shown to have an impact not only on changes in steam temperature, but also on pressure. This paper analyzes the impact of the temperature of the walls of the compression chamber on the value and direction of heat transfer.

Authors and Affiliations

Damian Joachimiak

1

Tomasz Borowczyk

2

Magda Joachimiak

1

Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Engineering, Piotrowo 3a, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
Grupa inżynieryjna Konstrubowski Sp. z o.o., Święty Wojciech 7/13, 61-749 Poznań, Poland

Hybrid Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Application of Blunt-Body Aerodynamic Noise Prediction

Ruixian Ma Zhansheng Liu Con J. Dooloan Danielle J. Moreau Michał Czarnecki

Archives of Acoustics | 2019 | vol. 44 | No 1 | 105-116 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2019.126357

Keywords cylinder aerodynamic noise non-reflecting boundary conditions large eddy simulation FW-H acoustic analogy acoustic damping layer

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Abstract

A hybrid artificial boundary condition (HABC) that combines the volume-based acoustic damping layer (ADL) and the local face-based characteristic boundary condition (CBC) is presented to enhance the absorption of acoustic waves near the computational boundaries. This method is applied to the prediction of aerodynamic noise from a circular cylinder immersed in uniform compressible viscous flow. Different ADLs are designed to assess their effectiveness whereby the effect of the mesh-stretch direction on wave absorption in the ADL is analysed. Large eddy simulation (LES) and FW-H acoustic analogy method are implemented to predict the far-field noise, and the sensitivities of each approach to the HABC are compared. In the LES computed propagation field of the fluctuation pressure and the frequency-domain results, the spurious reflections at edges are found to be significantly eliminated by the HABC through the effective dissipation of incident waves along the wave-front direction in the ADL. Thereby, the LES results are found to be in a good agreement with the acoustic pressure predicted using FW-H method, which is observed to be just affected slightly by reflected waves.

Authors and Affiliations

Ruixian Ma

Zhansheng Liu

Con J. Dooloan

Danielle J. Moreau

Michał Czarnecki

Anisotropy of Soil Shear Strength Parameters Caused by the Principal Stress Rotation

Grzegorz Wrzesiński

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 163-187 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.136467

Keywords soil undrained shear strength effective cohesion effective angle of internal friction principal stress rotation torsional shear hollow cylinder test triaxial test

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Abstract

The paper presents the phenomenon of principal stress rotation in cohesive subsoil resulting from its loading or unloading and the impact of this phenomenon on the values of soil shear strength parameters: undrained shear strength τfu, effective cohesion c’, effective angle of internal friction φ’. For this purpose, tests in a triaxial apparatus and torsional shear hollow cylinder apparatus on selected undisturbed cohesive soils: sasiCl, saclSi, clSi, Cl, characterized by different index properties were carried out. Soil shear strength parameters were determined at angle of principal stress rotation α equal to 0° and 90° in tests in triaxial apparatus and α equal to 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90° in tests in torsional shear hollow cylinder apparatus. The results of laboratory tests allow to assess the influence of the principal stress rotation on the shear strength parameters that should be used to determine the bearing capacity of the subsoil.

Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Wrzesiński

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Institute of Civil Engineering, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland

1

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