Humanities and Social Sciences

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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Kultura i Społeczeństwo | 2014 | No 1

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Abstract

An interesting fact in the intellectual history of the fin-de-siècle and first three decades of the 20th century is that the crisis of modernity was understood in categories of sex and gender. In spite of the differences dividing the German intellectual trend of cultural pessimism, the conservative revolution, and Fascist thinking, all these paradigms are linked by the characteristic conviction that ‘modernity’, being the consequence of the French Revolution, was ruled by the ‘feminine principle’. This principle was supposed to represent what is anti-military, anti-state, and anti-cultural at the same time. Variations on the theory of male bonding (Männerbund) were the intellectual reaction to that ‘feminine principle’. The intellectual patterns described here find their continuation in contemporary conservative thought.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nina Gładziuk
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Abstract

The author analyzes attitudes to the phenomenon of sexuality on the basis of two theoretical perspectives, the evolutionary and the feminist, between which there has long been conflict. In his opinion, however, they are only seemingly contrary. The main texts of both trends of thought concern entirely different problems and at the substantive level there is basically no contradiction between them. It is important that evolutionary theory often undermines existing cultural schemas, although this is rarely perceived by proponents of feminist theories. Evolutionists, in turn, rather too often identify feminism with radical social constructivism. Another extreme is a view that could be described as evolutionary sexism, consisting in justifying the gender status quo by reference to biological essentialism. After elimination of the extreme approaches, which are rare in any case, it is possible to use the results of evolutionary research in the debate over gender equality and to transform the two monologues into a cohesive dialogue; this, in the author’s opinion, is an important task for empirically oriented social theory.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kamil Łuczaj
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

One of the main traits of a society of reflexive modernity is the critical analysis of categories that in the past appeared unquestionable. Socio-cultural gender and health or illness/mental disorders are categories of this type. Above all, they are socially constructed, that is, they are dependent on culture and on political, economic, and religious factors. The author undertakes to analyse the relations between the diagnostic criteria used in the international system of classifying mental diseases (DSM-IV and ICD-10) and traditional schemas of masculinity and femininity. Confirmation of the incidence of particular diseases in connection with gender is the author’s entry point for seeking answers to why individuals suffering from certain illnesses/mental disorders display behaviour corresponding to traditional gender roles, even though contemporary gender roles are fluid in many respects, and hypotheses about biological differences as causes of incidence of disease in men and women have not been empirically confirmed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Frąckowiak-Sochańska
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

After World War II, sexology developed in Poland as a holistic discipline embracing achievements in medicine, psychology, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, history, and religious studies. Sexuality was perceived as multidimensional and embedded in relationships, culture, the economy, and society at large. This approach was fundamentally different than the biomedical model, which started to develop rapidly in the United States after Masters and Johnson’s Human Sexual Response. The author discusses the impact of the two different models of sexology on the understanding of gender, while also considering the influence of economic and political factors (capitalism and socialism) on the development of scientific knowledge.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Kościańska
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Abstract

The author considers the mechanisms limiting women’s access to power and the validity of their advance to positions of authority. She uses research into two extremely different social institutions–the Italian Mafia and the Polish Sejm (parliament)–in an attempt to illustrate that the contemporary process of redefining traditional cultural concepts of gender is not only an indicator of the spread of pro-equality attitudes but could equally well be considered an element of activity intended to preserve the patriarchal order. From this viewpoint, the ad hoc reconstructing of cultural concepts of gender is chiefly aimed at maintaining the constituting principle of the patriarchy–maintaining men’s domination at the price of breaking men’s monopoly on power. This process could therefore be perceived also as a symptom of the durability of the patriarchal model of social ties.

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Ewa Malinowska
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Abstract

The author analyses the identity strategies appearing in women’s social movements in contemporary Poland. She considers the importance of gender in the process of constructing collective identity and how specific gender identity strategies influence their social reception and, in consequence, the success or failure of women’s initiatives as well. The aim of her considerations is to deepen critical reflection on the category of gender in the intersectional perspective, particularly in the context of research into social movements. The analysis includes two examples of women’s mass movements in the last decade: the movement to restore the Child Support Fund and the Women’s Congress. Her conclusions are based on a qualitative analysis of the media discussion, the self-representations of proponents of both initiatives (in publications and online), as well as interviews with their representatives and participants conducted in the years 2009–2013.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Korolczuk
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Abstract

This text is devoted to selected questions on the border of the ethnography of Łódź and research into women’s issues, and thus joins the trend of women’s urban anthropology. The author reinterprets selected sources, such as various types of writings and field materials from the archives of the Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology of the University of Łódź. Her aim is to reconstruct the local ‘herstory’ from the ethnographic-anthropological perspective. She therefore looks at certain aspects of the life of textile workers and locates them in the context of the perceptions of femininity and the work ethic around which Łódź’s image (stereotypical and auto-stereotypical) was created.

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Authors and Affiliations

Inga B. Kuźma
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Abstract

The situation of transsexual persons in Poland is not precisely known; there are only estimates determining the scale of the phenomenon. The lack of information fosters stereotypes and, not infrequently, injurious appraisal; fear of the unknown is also produced, and is gradually turning into widespread prejudice. A social analysis of the phenomenon of transsexuality is hampered by the predominance of the hetero-normative discourse, including in scholarly spheres. The basic issue addressed by the author is the acceptance of transsexual persons, viewed from the perspective of their own personal experiences. These observations concern both the sphere of personal life as well as functioning in the macro-social space (school, work, etc.). In each of these spheres, a change of gender produces complications with which transsexual persons must grapple as they strive to live in harmony with their psychologically intuited gender.

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Authors and Affiliations

Żaneta Krawczyk-Antońska
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Abstract

The article’s subject is the status of the homosexual minority in the world of sports, which–as one would assume–is a hetero-normative world. The author draws attention to the different situations of lesbians and gays in sports as a result both of the manner in which sports themselves are seen and of how femininity andmasculinity in sports are viewed (certain types of sports activity are perceived as being masculine, and certain as being feminine). The attitudes of the male and female athletes themselves are described, as well as the attitude towards them in the sports environment and their perception in public opinion. The Gay Games, competitions for sexual minorities, are also presented, with their relation to mainstream (heterosexual) sports. Particular attention is paid to the ambiguous status of sexual minorities and various practices used within these milieus and towards them.

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Authors and Affiliations

Honorata Jakubowska
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Abstract

This article is about selected issues in women’s sports, and above all the modest participation of women in so-called leisure sports. Statistical data concerning Poland and other countries (particularlyWestern Europe) is presented. The fashion for jogging, which is currently being seen in Poland as well, is analyzed. The author’s own research, done in 2013 and involving 865 participants in the Łódź ‘I Care About My Health’ Marathon, documents the smallness of women’s interest in participating in marathon struggles.On the basis of the information collected in the study’s survey questionnaires, it was possible for the author to create a socio-demographic portrait of the female Polish long-distance runner. It was also possible to note the sociologically interesting and elucidating difference between men and women in the sphere of training and in their running careers/biographies.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Ryszard Stempień
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Abstract

This article is devoted to the subject of age and the elderly in the Middle Ages, and the manner of viewing elderly people in those times. The author uses Jan Długosz’s Annals, books 9–12, as his basic source. His analysis concentrates on the following questions: Whom did the Polish historian consider worthy of remembrance in his Annals? How did he describe those figures? What words did he use to describe the phenomenon of age or aging? The author analyses the Latin terms used to describe specific older persons, and also presents the perceptions of older women, older men, and elderly people as a group. An attempt is made to answer the question of whether old age was a period of well-being and prosperity in medieval times.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Szafranek

Instructions for authors

1. „Kultura i Społeczeństwo” zamieszcza wyłącznie materiały uprzednio nie publikowane. Zakładamy, że proponując tekst autor deklaruje tym samym, iż jest to jego oryginalna, samodzielna praca. W uzasadnionych przypadkach w przypisie powinny znaleźć się informacje o genezie tekstu (np. że jest to fragment pracy magisterskiej, doktorskiej czy opracowania grantowego) oraz o ewentualnych promotorach czy współpracownikach.
2. Wszystkie materiały są oceniane przez co najmniej dwóch recenzentów z zachowaniem zasady anonimowości (double-blind review). Dlatego prosimy o przekazywanie tekstownie podpisanych i załączanie w oddzielnej kopercie (oznaczonej tytułem artykułu) nazwiska autora, adresu, maila oraz telefonu kontaktowego. Autorów prosimy też o podanie miejsca pracy, stanowiska służbowego i tytułu naukowego oraz adresu do ewentualnej korespondencji z czytelnikami.
3. Teksty — o objętości maksimum 1,5 ark. wyd. — należy składać pod adresem redakcji w dwóch egzemplarzach, wydrukowane z podwójną interlinią(wraz z zapisem elektronicznym).
4. Tablice i wykresy należy załączać na oddzielnych stronach, a w tekście jedynie zaznaczać przeznaczone dla nich miejsca.
5. Bibliografię prosimy sporządzać (w porządku alfabetycznym) według zasad stosowanych w naszym czasopiśmie:
Nowak Stefan, 1979, System wartości społeczeństwa polskiego, „Studia Socjologiczne”, nr 4.
Szacki Jerzy (red.), 1995a, Sto lat socjologii polskiej. Od Supińskiego do Szczepańskiego, PWN, Warszawa.
Szacki Jerzy, 1995b, Wstęp: krótka historia socjologii polskiej, w: Jerzy Szacki (red.), Sto lat socjologii polskiej. Od Supińskiego do Szczepańskiego, PWN, Warszawa.
Weber Max, 2002, Gospodarka i społeczeństwo. Zarys socjologii rozumiejącej, tłum. Dorota Lachowska, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Odniesienie w tekście ma wówczas postać (Weber 2002, s. 113).
Prosimy o niepodawanie adresów internetowych, dzięki którym dotarto do tekstów, lecz o umieszczanie w bibliografii opisu ich wersji pierwotnych.
6. W artykułach możliwe są oczywiście także przypisy treściowe (nie bibliograficzne), zamieszczone u dołu strony. W recenzjach preferujemy przypisy bibliograficzne w dołu strony, które mają wówczas postać:
J. Szacki, Historia myśli socjologicznej, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2002, s. 113.
J. Szacki, Historia myśli socjologicznej, cyt. wyd, s. 233. Tamże, s. 255.
7. Tych, którzy kierują swoją pracę do działów „Artykuły i rozprawy” i „Z warsztatów badawczych”, prosimy o dostarczenie jej streszczenia w języku polskim — ewentualnie także angielskim — (o objętości nie przekraczającej1000 znaków, liczonych ze spacjami) oraz o wyznaczenie słów kluczowych w obu językach.

Reviewers

RECENZENCI W 2021 ROKU

Monika Adamczyk, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski
Janusz Barański, Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Piotr Binder, Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tadeusz Borutka, Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II
Anita Brzozowska, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Marta Bucholc, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Michał Buchowski, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza
Mariusz Czubaj, Uniwersytet SWPS
Wioleta Danilewicz, Uniersytet w Białymstoku
Marcin Dębnicki, Uniwersytet Wrocławski
Rafał Drozdowski, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza
Danuta Duch-Krzystoszek, Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej
Tomasz Ferenc, Uniwersytet Łódzki
Mirosław Filiciak, Uniwersytet SWPS
Piotr Filipkowski, Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Monika Frąckowiak-Sochańska, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza
Jacek Gądecki, Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza w Krakowie
Małgorzata Głowacka-Grajper, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Marek Gorzko, Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku
Małgorzata Jacyno, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Krzysztof Jasiecki, Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Katarzyna Kajdanek, Uniwersytet Wrocławski
Katarzyna Kalinowska, Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych
Jerzy Kałążny, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza
Antoni Z. Kamiński, Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN
Tomasz Kaźmierczak, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Kaja Kaźmierska, Uniwersytet Łódzki
Przemysław Kisiel, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie
Jerzy Kochanowski, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Joanna Konieczna-Sałamatin, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Maciej Kowalewski, Uniwersytet Szczeciński
Wiesława Kozek, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Natalia Krzyżanowska, Örebro University
Paweł Kubicki, Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Wiktoria Kudela-Świątek, Uniwersytet Pedagogoczny im. KEN w Krakowie
Waldemar Kuligowski, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza
Anna Kwaśniewska, Uniwersytet Gdański
Marta Leśniakowska, Instytut Sztuki PAN
Wojciech Łukowski, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Mirosława Marody, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Piotr Mitzner, Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego
Andrzej Moskwin, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Dorota Mroczkowska, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza
Adam Mrozowicki, Uniwersytet Wrocławski
Janusz Mucha, emeritus
Natalia Niedźwiecka-Iwańczak, Uniwersytet Wrocławski
Lech M. Nijakowski, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Przemysław Nosal, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza
Cezary Obracht-Prondzyński, Uniwersytet Gdański
Krzysztof Pietrowicz, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza
Jakub Potulski, Uniwersytet Gdański
Ryszard Radzik, Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej
Dorota Rancew-Sikora, Uniwersytet Gdański
Jerzy Rohoziński, Ośrodek Badań nad Totalitaryzmami Instytutu Pileckiego
Maja Sawicka, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Krystyna Skarżyńska, Uniwersytet SWPS
Marta Songin-Mokrzan, Uniwersytet Łódzki
Karina Stasiuk-Krajewska, Uniwersytet SWPS
Beata Szluz, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Magdalena Ślusarczyk, Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Wojciech Świątkiewicz, Uniwersytet Śląski
Piotr Toczyski, Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej
Arkadiusz Tuziak, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski
Andrzej Waśkiewicz, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Ewelina Wejbert-Wąsiewicz, Uniwersytet Łódzki
Piotr Witek, Uniwersytet im. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Cezary Włodarczyk, Uniwersytet Jagielloński
Anna Wylegała, Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Katarzyna M. Wyrzykowska, Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii PAN
Tomasz Zarycki, Uniwersytet Warszawski
Anna Ziembińska-Witek, Uniwersytet im. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Magdalena Zowczak, Uniwersytet Warszawski

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