Humanities and Social Sciences

LINGUISTICA SILESIANA

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LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2024 | vol. 45

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Abstract

Almost hundred years ago Jerzy Kuryłowicz, the well known Polish linguist, convincingly demonstrated that the Indo-European short vowel *a was secondarily formed by the interaction of PIE. *h2 with the next vowel *e. There are some instances where this explanation does not apply. The most characteristic example of the secondary root a-vocalism is the Latin adjective magnus ‘great, large’, etymologically related to Greek μέγας adj. ‘great, big, large’ (< PIE. *méĝhh2s, cf. Arm. mec ‘great’, OInd. mahi- adj. ‘great’, Hitt. mekkiš adj. ‘id.’, Goth. mikils adj. ‘id.’). Lat. magnus demonstrates an unexplained vowel [a] as opposed to PIE. *e. It is suggested that the Latin a-vocalism appeared as the effect of influencing the laryngeal *h2 on the preceding syllable. In other words, the Latin adjective is created by the following regular development: PIE. *méĝh2s adj. ‘great, large’ → *meĝh̥2-no-s adj. ‘id.’ > Proto-Latin *megḀnos > *magAnos > Lat. magnus ‘id.’. The same phonological law (which can be called the magnus rule) should be postulated for other Italic and Indo-European languages, e.g. MIr. maige adj. ‘great’ (< Celtic *magjos ‘id.’ < *megAi̯os ‘id.’ < *meĝh̥2-i̯o-s ← PIE. *méĝh̥2s); Toch. A māk, B māka adj. ‘many’ (< CToch. *măkă < *megAs < PIE. *méĝh̥2s).
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Bibliography

Adams. D.Q. 1988. Tocharian Historical Phonology and Morphology. New Haven, Co.: American Oriental Society.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Philology, Department of Classical Philology University of Łódź, Poland
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Abstract

This paper is the first part of Alonso Pascua (in press). Both address the question as to why Jespersen’s Cycle (JC) evolved differently in Romance, focusing on the analysis of negation patterns in two West Iberian languages: Spanish and Asturleonese. The hypothesis that JC gets blocked when speakers are provided with evidence that negation is complex, but activated when this evidence is unavailable, will be tested. It will be contended that the alternation of two forms for negation in Old Spanish, triggered by adjacency with object clitics (OCs), provided speakers with evidence of the complex nature of negation and contributed to the blocking of JC. Conversely, it will be argued that the lack of such an alternation in Asturleonese hampered the speaker’s awareness of this complexity and favoured the activation of JC. This evidence will be used to support the hypothesis tested and thus contribute to a better understanding of the long-standing question of JC triggers.
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Bibliography

Abraham, W. 1999. “Jespersen’s Cycle”: The evidence from Germanic. In G.F. Carr, W. Harbert and L. Zhang (eds.), Interdigitations: Essays for Irmengard Rauch, 63-70. New York: Peter Lang.
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Authors and Affiliations

Borja Alonso Pascua
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Spanish Linguistics, University of Salamanca, Spain
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to exploit the informative nature of datasets that can be created from corpus-based software to explore specific phenomena in early modern specialized discourse, and to corroborate the adoption of the same software for historical analysis. Particular relevance will be devoted to the special nature of historical evidence, which has caused critical issues in the reliability of the data collected for the purpose of historical investigation of English. Spelling variation, in this sense, is one of the most crucial problems of Early Modern English, and this has often affected the reliability of data to be collected via software, especially when statistical findings are involved. The normalisation of historical texts has contributed enormously to make texts better readable for historical corpus analysis; and, consequently, to improve the accuracy and manipulation of data. Moreover, several tools used in corpus linguistics have benefited from the normalisation of spelling variants in the same terms, e.g. part-of-speech taggers for historical variety. This case study will attempt to explore the data retrievable from corpus-based software like VARD, #LancsBox and CQPweb, and to use them to corroborate a preliminary analysis of early modern economics discourse in two treatises written by Gerard Malynes in 1601 and 1623.
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Bibliography

Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641., 2004, A treatise of the canker of Englands common wealth Deuided into three parts: wherein the author imitating the rule of good phisitions, first, declareth the disease. Secondarily, sheweth the efficient cause thereof. Lastly, a remedy for the same. By Gerrard De Malynes merchant., Oxford Text Archive, http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12024/A06791.
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Authors and Affiliations

Remo Appolloni
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Abstract

The article concerns a presentation of the content and of the results of the phonemic-graphemic analysis of the German records from the second half of the 14th century (1361-1380), which come from the town council of Zgorzelec (Görlitz). The purpose of the paper is to answer the question what the spelling rules in the town chancellery of Zgorzelec are and how the script fixes the features of the spoken language from the past. Due to the analysis, it could be explicitly proved, that the German used in the text matches to the level of evolution of the German language within the periodization of history of the language as it contains the standard Early New High German features as well as the dialectal structures and the sound changes, which are emblematic for the Silesian dialect. The text can therefore be classified as one of the linguistic monuments of the East Central German of Silesian tradition. All the conclusions of the study are supported with the suitable examples.
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Bibliography

Fokt K., Ch. Speer and M. Mikuła. 2017. Liber Vetustissimus Gorlicensis. Das älteste Görlitzer Stadtbuch [Najstarsza Księga miejska zgorzelecka] [1305-1416 (1423)], Bd. 1. Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr A. Owsiński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Philologische Fakultät / Institut für Germanische Philologie, Jagiellonen-Universität in Krakau, Polen
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Abstract

This study investigated linguistic variations to establish the legitimacy of Pakistani English as a distinct variety. The corpus comprised 70 discussion sections from Pakistani English research articles distributed across three academic disciplines (engineering, information technology, and literature). The analysis was conducted using Multidimensional Analysis Tagger v.1.1, which scrutinized 67 grammatical features across five dimensions. The results revealed significant differences in dimensions 1, 3, and 5 which indicated variations in Pakistani English. The results also showed the discussion sections: being highly informative, formal, abstract, and explicit in engineering; informative, and abstract in information technology; and less informative, explicit, and abstract in literature research articles. However, the results displayed fewer variations in dimensions 2, and 4 which suggested them being interesting for further research. Overall, this research contributed to our understanding of the linguistic variations in Pakistani English and its distinct characteristics across academic disciplines.
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Bibliography

Abid, A., H. Manzoor, and A.R. Siddique 2022. Cross-cultural examination of argumentative English essays: A multidimensional analysis of Pakistani and Chinese learners. Linguistic Forum 4(4): 40-48. http://doi.org/10.53057/linfo/2022.4.4.6.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nimra Pervez
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ali Raza Siddique
1
ORCID: ORCID
Muhammad Ahmad
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Applied Linguistics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Abstract

Landawe is one of the local languages in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is in danger condition because it has only a few speakers. The article aims at describing the maintenance of Landawe language and its correlation to people's attitudes in North Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi. The study used a qualitative and quantitative approaches and sociolinguistics theory. Based on the result, study shows that the use of Landawe language is decreasing. It is affected by both extra and intra-linguistics factors. Maintaining the Landawe language can be done through several steps, namely, a) use of the Landawe language in all conditions, either in family, meeting, or education domain; b) use of the Landawe language in media social, such as Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, and Twitter); and c) use of the Landawe language as competition object in various activities or parties. However, the negative attitude of society toward Landawe language is one of challenges to the maintenance of the language.
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Bibliography

Aslinda and L. Syafyahya 2010. Pengantar Sosiolinguistik. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
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Authors and Affiliations

La Yani Konisi
1
ORCID: ORCID
La Aso
2
ORCID: ORCID
Maulid Taembo
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
  2. Cultural Studies Faculty, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
  3. Education Faculty, Trunojoyo Madura University, Bangkalan, Indonesia
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to determine the conceptual system of the Silesian mythological beliefs that is reflected in the names of demonic figures. These names are not only typical for the region of Silesia but they often refer to other parts of Poland (close or further to/from Silesia). The paper deals with the names of the figures and with their meanings. These meanings are the starting point to determine the features which are helpful for describing figures (and the set of their characteristic features) and for the presentation of the whole conceptual system. The fundamental elements of this system are the four basic categories – spatial locations, outward appearance, functional features (typical actions and roles) and harmfulness/harmlessness to a man. All the features of the demonic figures are presented here according to the levels being the manifestations and projections of these four basic categories.
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Bibliography

Алексеев, А.В. 2019. Ускользающий «топос»: К вопросу о содержании понятия и пределах его применимости. In М.В. Ильин (ed.), Метод: Московский ежегодник трудов из обществоведческих дисциплин, вып. 9: Методологические аспекты трансдисциплинарного трансфера знаний, 98-113. Москва: [б.и.].
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Czerwiński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Linguistics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

A self-conscious emotion of pride is viewed in the proposed article as a complex concept comprising the meanings of authentic, hubristic, and collective pride. It has been revealed that the specificity of cross-cultural expression and perception of this concept is to some extent influenced by the level of individualism serving as one of the criteria for culture classification. Different level of individualism in such related cultures as German and English-speaking cultures (ESC) served as the basis for the hypothesis that the emotion concept (EC) PRIDE in ESC (1) may be perceived more positively and (2) may contain more intensive meanings than Germ. STOLZ due to the fact that the level of individualism in the ESC is higher than German. Аs a result, their pride is more “individualistic”, i.e. it is more oriented towards an individual’s interests and needs bringing them more pleasure.
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Bibliography

Andrews, R., C. McGlynn and A. Mycock 2010. National pride and students’ attitudes towards history: An exploratory study. Educational Studies 36(3): 299-309.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kostiantyn Mizin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr Petrov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Anastasiia Petrova
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav, Ukraine
  2. Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Ukraine
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Abstract

The article discusses the persuasive use of metaphors in the online discourse of influencers of the bodypositive movement, which aims to change the way society thinks about the body. Three cases will be considered: (a) first, the similarities in the conceptual metaphors used by the representatives of the two languages, (b) the metaphors used only in Spanish, (c) finally, the metaphors used only in the discourse in Polish. These three situations have been analysed and documented using examples Spanish and Polish examples, taken from publications posted on the Instagram platform.
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Bibliography

Aliaga, F. y E. de Bustos 2001. Metáfora y discurso argumentativo (breves observaciones). En J.J de Bustos Tovar (ed.), Lengua, discurso, texto: I simposio internacional de análisis del discurso, 849-859. Madrid: Visor Libros.
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Drozd
1
ORCID: ORCID
Natalia Wiśniewska
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instituto de Estudios Polacos y Periodismo, Universidad De Rzeszow, Polonia
  2. Instituto de Lenguas Modernas, Universidad De Bielsko-Biala, Polonia
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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to look into discourse patterns of President Joe Biden from an anthropological pragmatics perspective, and the theory of speech acts, in particular. I will argue that speech acts are double-edged tools in human communication that have the power to create objective facts accepted and maintained by human agreement on the one hand but are also determined by fluctuating socio-cultural context. In exploring the topic of the American presidency from an anthropological pragmatics perspective, this article addresses theoretical and methodological issues which further our understanding of linguistic structure of social reality determined by socially constrained functions that underlie culture. Thus, this paper argues for a broadened research path to advance the theory of speech acts in political discourse. An analysis of President Joe Biden’s language practices uncovers the rhetorical concept of ethos and its criterion of credibility that is indicative of his presidential status.
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Bibliography

Ahearn, L.M. 2017. Living Language. An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology. Malden: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta E. Strukowska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Centre of Languages and Communication, Poznan University Of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

Complex sentences with contracted definitions are one of the little-studied types of complex sentences. The lack of thorough research on this topic is due to historical events and the difficult political situation, which led to understudy and fragmentary knowledge of the grammar of Crimean Tatar language in general and other branches of Crimean Tatar philology and led to the decline not only language but also literature.
All branches of science that study Crimean Tatar history, culture, and traditions are also affected, and the very existence of qirimli people is under threat.
Complex sentences have been studied separately, but it is worth mentioning the work of well-known Turkologists and linguists, such as B. Choban Zade, U. Kurkchi, N.A. Baskakov, I.Kh. Akhmatov, E. Sevortyan, A. Islamov, E. Akmollaev, L. S. Selendili (L.S. Okaz), who became a significant contribution to the development of Crimean Tatar linguistics. In the process of studying the syntax of a complex sentence of the modern Crimean Tatar language, we turned to the following sources: "Tatar tilinin gramatikasy" II qisim (Syntax) "by Asan Islamov (Simferopol: Gosizdat Krimskoy ASSR, 1940) and "Qirimtatar tilinin ameliati". Syntax "by E. Akmollayev (Tashkent:" UKITUVCHI ", 1989). In these works, a complex sentence is studied and its classification is given.
In this article we have revealed the features of semantics and structure of complex sentences with subordinate clauses, analyzed the ways and means of their connection, described the problems of punctuation. As a result, we have identified 3 types of complex sentences with contracted definitions depending on the structural features and means of communication. Of course, our study is not final and needs more thorough research in the future.

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Bibliography

Акъмолаев, Э.С. 1989. Къырымтатар тильнинъ амелияты. Ташкент: Укъитувчи.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aishe Arnautova
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Educational Scientific Institute of Philology and Journalism, Taurida National University Named After V.I. Vernadsky, Ukraine

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Reviewers

The Linguistica Silesiana peer-referees 2017-2020

  • Beata Abdallah-Krzepkowska
  • Magdalena Bartłomiejczyk
  • Magdalena Bator
  • Monika Bielińska
  • Bogusław Bierwiaczonek
  • Krzysztof Bogacki
  • Jan Čermák
  • Bożena Cetnarowska
  • Magdalena Charzyńska-Wójcik
  • Grzegorz Drożdż
  • Radosław Dylewski
  • Henryk Fontański
  • Danuta Gabryś-Barker
  • Piotr Gąsiorowski
  • Łukasz Grabowski
  • Ireneusz Kida
  • Robert Kiełtyka
  • Marcin Krygier
  • Marcin Kuczok
  • Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik
  • Czesław Lachur
  • Andrzej Łyda
  • Ewa Miczka
  • Ewa Myrczek-Kadłubicka
  • John G. Newman
  • Mikołaj Nkollo
  • Jerzy Nykiel
  • Ewa Piechurska-Kuciel
  • Tadeusz Piotrowski
  • Adam Pluszczyk
  • Andrzej Porzuczek
  • Hans Sauer
  • Czesława Schatte
  • Piotr Stalmaszczyk
  • Monika Sułkowska
  • Konrad Szcześniak
  • Krystyna Warchał
  • Halina Widła
  • Krzysztof Witczak
  • Adam Wojtaszek
  • Marcin Zabawa

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