Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal

Hydrogen production technology from wind energy is one of the feasible methods to shift dependence on fossil fuels to clean energy in the near future. In Vietnam, the government is also developing policies and regulations to promote the development of the hydrogen industry. However, hydrogen production efficiency from areas with different potential for wind power exploitation in Vietnam has not yet been researched to provide a sufficient basis for investors to develop projects. In this paper, the hydrogen production potential from wind power systems is analysed based on the wind energy potential in each region in Vietnam with the support of SAM software and hydrogen production formulas. Phu Yen province (South Central region) and Dak Lak province (Central Highlands region) with the highest wind energy potential, have the largest hydrogen production of 45,286.1 kg/year and 42,675.4 kg/year, respectively. Wind power will help reduce large amounts of CO₂ emissions into the environment by replacing grid electricity that uses fossil fuels in the electrolysis process. The amount of CO₂ emission reduction is determined by corresponding to the amount of wind power produced for the hydrogen generation process. Phu Yen province has the highest CO₂ emission reduction of 1,792,968 kg/year, while Ho Chi Minh City has the lowest value of 859,233 kg/year. The study results can be referenced by managers, consultants, and investors to support the development of the green hydrogen sector in Vietnam.

Forecasting crude oil prices has always been a matter of discussion among energy experts. Due to a significant dependence of the global economy on crude oil, the volatility of the spot price can impact the supply and demand of the market. Moreover, crude oil is still the primary energy for transportation worldwide. Although renewable energy sources have developed significantly, crude oil has been dominant in transportation fuels in the last few decades. This study focuses on mid-term multi-step forecasting and provides a forecasting model that provides a robust prediction for 60 to 90 steps ahead. Our main objective is to develop a forecasting model that can maintain high accuracy and low errors. Our analysis uses a hybrid Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) and the Convolutional Neural Network, Long Short-Term Memory (CNN_LSTM) deep learning model. These three techniques, which have different advantages, are put together, and the combination of them is able to identify features (trend and seasonality) in historical data learning and perform high prediction accuracy for next-term prediction. We compared the proposed model with other decomposition and deep learning techniques. The proposed model shows lower Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values than other benchmark models for Brent and crude West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil prices – the proposed model’s Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) results in better forecasting with MAPE values between 4 to 10. The simulation with box plot analysis also gives a quartile range value below 0.2, which shows the stability of the model in each iteration. Finally, the proposed model can provide a robust forecasting model for multi-step mid-term forecasting.

The paper proposes an innovative solution for managing and ensuring high energy efficiency of power supply systems at high non-linear loads (the problem of non-sinusoidal voltage makes up more than 50% of electricity losses). This is realised by maintaining optimal value of reliability indicators and high quality of power supply. The validation is carried out using analyses and tests of the quality of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) for an increased number of powered frequency converters. It has been proven that the effective use and reduction of energy consumption can be achieved thanks to the unique technological features of the employed electrical devices. This enables a normal operation of the system with decreased power and adequate control of energy processes. The problem of predicting power losses under changing conditions in a decentralised electrical network has been solved based on the theory of electromagnetic compatibility. The influence of the mains mode parameters and the indices of instantaneous distortion of current and voltage waveforms caused by the operation of converters on the resonance phenomena in power supply systems were investigated. Recommendations were developed for the selection of proper parameters of compensators for 6–10 kV and 0.4–0.66 kV circuits based on the analysis of the optimisation problem when minimising active power losses. The results of our findings may aid parties involved in designing and maintaining power networks in various applications, such as mines, etc. Decisions to improve the energy efficiency of electrical networks fully correspond to the Concept of ensuring energy security of Ukraine.

Climate risks are driving changes in the economy towards low-carbon energy development. The article is devoted to exploring low-carbon management in selecting resources for energy production of enterprises. The households’ willingness to use low-carbon technologies through the transition to consume energy from renewable resources is clarified. The article has proposed a methodological approach to low-carbon management in selecting resources for energy production of enterprises. The specificity of this methodological approach lies in assessing the energy consumption system efficiency based on the low-carbon management in selecting resources for energy production of enterprises. The results obtained for all types of harmful substances indicate the adequacy of the low- carbon management in selecting resources for energy production of enterprises giving preference to solar and wind power. The scientific value of such a methodological approach lies in the ability to forecast the potential of low-carbon management in selecting resources for energy production of enterprises in the energy supply chain. The results is the basis for creating climate energy clusters in the regions to diversify the resources for energy production of enterprises, and to increase of the efficiency of transportation of production waste as renewable energy sources by transport for strengthening the resilience of climate security.

The article aims to analyse Kazakhstan’s energy system, identify key parameters of energy security, and explore new opportunities, including the role of hydrogen energy, in ensuring the sustainability of the country’s energy system. The study utilised methods of scientific knowledge such as analysis, synthesis, modelling, and SWOT analysis. It assessed the dynamics of electricity generation and oil production in Kazakhstan, using statistical methods of modelling and forecasting. The study identified the current state and possible future trends, highlighting the impact of high dependence on oil exports on Kazakhstan’s economy and vulnerability to price fluctuations in world markets. A comparative analysis of the energy systems of other countries and regions was conducted to identify problems and potential solutions. The environmental and climate impacts of various energy sources, including coal, oil, gas, and renewable sources, were analysed. The study examined market mechanisms to support renewable energy, such as renewable electricity certification, and their impact on sector revenues. A conceptual approach to energy security was considered, analysing economic factors like fuel prices and capital costs of transitioning to renewable energy. Various scenarios for developing Kazakhstan’s energy system were assessed, including projections of renewable energy use and changes in fuel consumption. The results of this study can inform the development of Kazakhstan’s energy policy. Understanding the current state and trends in the energy sector allows for identifying key problems and potential development opportunities.

In the context of the Net Zero Emission, using of biomass of different origins is assumed to be an acceptable alternative to fossil fuel thermo-chemical conversion for power generation or goods production. Biomass combustion is characterised by heterogeneous kinetics, where the oxidised substance is in a solid state. The reaction takes place primarily along the surface separating the two phases. The rate of combustion can be expressed by the amount of reacted substance per unit surface area or, alternatively , by the diameter or mass loss profile. The present investigation aimed to study shrinking characteristics during single particle combustion of spherically shaped solid (softwood) particles. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory scale Horizontal Tube Furnace (HTF) type reactor. The initial and resulting particle mass and diameter were experimentally measured, based on which the fuel particle density, surface, and volume were estimated for each biomass particles. The dimensional evolution of the fuel particle was investigated in terms of the effect of temperature and residence time of the fuel particles in the reaction zone. The experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure, constant air flow rate, and at two different temperatures (700 and 800°C). The particle shrinkage improved with increasing the residence time, until the process reached its final stage of residual combustion. The studied temperature range showed faint but distinct temperature dependence.

The research relevance is determined by the constant changes in the global energy landscape and the negative impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the energy market. The study aims to formulate recommendations for optimising national strategies and policies in the field of energy security based on the analysis of global experience as well as Ukraine’s specific challenges and practices in managing this area. The study used analytical, functional, statistical, synthesis, and other methods. The study of energy security has become key to understanding current challenges and promoting the resilience of national energy systems. This study examines the practice of other countries in the field of energy conservation. The use of renewable energy sources in the energy systems of some countries was assessed. The findings point to the need to focus on the development of renewable energy sources and regulatory policies to ensure market stability. International cooperation is identified as a key success factor in energy security management. The study emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring and adaptation of strategies to effectively respond to growing energy challenges. A detailed analysis of best practices shows the need to implement strategies that include the development of renewable energy sources, infrastructure modernization, and the search for innovative solutions. Implementation of the proposed measures will help to increase the resilience of the country’s energy system, reduce dependence on imports, and promote sustainable economic development. The results of the study can be used to develop and optimize energy security management strategies, contributing to the country’s resilience, competitiveness, and sustainable development.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are playing an increasingly important role in the overall vehicle mix both globally and in Poland. The article contains an analysis of the electric car market analysing the occupancy of electric car charging points at different times of the day and the demand for power based on Poland’s experience in this field. Forecasts for the development of the market of broadly understood electromobility were analysed. The authors carried out research on the availability of public charging points for electric cars in Poland. The research determined the number of occupied charging points on working days and on non–working days, as well as the maximum number of single charging processes registered in individual months (September 2021–January 2022). As part of the analysis carried out in the article, the authors showed how much of a burden the current state of the electric vehicle market has on the Polish power system, taking into account the existing number of vehicles and their demand for charging power at publicly available stations. In addition, a simulation was carried out to determine how big changes in the load on the power system will mean an increase in the number of electric vehicles. Moreover, the authors indicated the hours of occurrence of a higher number of electric vehicle recharges per day and the number of occupied charging points. These data were collated and compared with the average power demand values in Poland. The study also explored potential strategies to mitigate the strain on the power grid, such as optimising charging times and enhancing grid capacity. The results underscore the need for proactive measures to ensure that the growth of electric vehicles does not compromise the reliability of the national power system.

Germany has a long history of making bold choices in its foreign policy, and the Hydrogen Strategy (NHS), along with the Import Strategy for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Derivatives (ISHHD), is another instance of its strategic gambling. In the past years, Germany’s federal government has proven its ambitious approach to energy transformation by systematically expanding its focus on renewable energy via the Energiewende strategy. Today, low-carbon hydrogen, identified by the German government and the European Union as a key element of the future net zero economy, plays a central role in Germany’s energy transformation. The scale of these ambitions is immense: the strategy projects that by 2030, Germany will need 95–130 TWh of hydrogen, and by 2045, this demand could rise to as much as 500 TWh. Under every plausible scenario, the vast majority of this demand would need to be covered with imports. The materialization of such imports is therefore the “but for” condition for the success of the German hydrogen strategy. Accordingly, the ISHHD includes extensive investment plans and envisages to the creation of new economic and political structures. Germany views hydrogen as a pathway to reducing its reliance on traditional fossil fuels and decarbonising its economy, while simultaneously taking on risks associated with new uncertainties of technological and market developments. The implementation of the ISHHD, if successful, will entail structure-altering changes to the international energy landscape. This article examines the geopolitical implications that such successful implementation would likely entail for Germany and beyond. It begins with an overview of the policy and market developments, followed by a geopolitical analysis of Germany’s strategy and its implementation measures.