Humanities and Social Sciences

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2025 | vol. 56

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Abstract

Bullying victimization among adolescents has been linked to various negative outcomes, including a diminished sense of belonging to school. This study investigates the mediating roles of loneliness, alcohol use, and smoking in the relationship between bullying victimization and adolescents' sense of belonging to school among adolescents. The current study utilized a sample of 1147 adolescents and employed correlation analysis and mediation analyses using the process macro for SPSS. Participants reported their experiences of bullying victimization, levels of loneliness, alcohol use, smoking behaviors, and sense of belonging to school. The results of the study indicated a significant negative correlation between bullying victimization and adolescents' sense of belonging to school. Moreover, loneliness, alcohol use, and smoking were found to mediate this relationship, suggesting that these factors play a role in shaping adolescents' perceptions of school belonging in the context of bullying victimization. The findings of this study have important implications for interventions aimed at addressing bullying victimization and promoting adolescents' sense of belonging to school. Strategies that target loneliness, alcohol use, and smoking behaviors may help mitigate the adverse effects of bullying on school belonging. School-based programs should focus on fostering a supportive and inclusive environment to enhance adolescents' well-being and sense of belonging.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yakup İme
1

  1. Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya-Turkey
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Abstract

The novel approach to studying peer victimization is to focus on the harm resulting from aggression rather than a power imbalance between victim and bully, especially since various forms of aggression, which do not meet bullying criteria, can be equally harmful. The main aim of the study is to identify the most harmful act of aggression that is experienced by Polish adolescents. Secondary goals are to check how the various forms of victimization are connected and to verify whether experiencing harm is related to adolescents’ well-being. The group of 551 Polish adolescents participated in the study which was conducted in four public schools. The study was designed as correlational research and the main variables – harmful aggressive behaviors and well-being – were measured using the Student Aggression and Victimization Questionnaire and Mental Health Continuum Scale – Short Form, respectively. From 10 presented aggressive behaviors the most harmful is being left out. The harm resulting from rejection is negatively correlated with adolescents’ well-being. Additionally, pupils who experience being left out are not only victims but also perpetrators of other acts of violence. The sociopolitical background and applications of our findings are discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Wróbel
1
ORCID: ORCID
Iwona Sikorska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Natalia Lipp
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
  2. Sano Centre for Computational Medicine, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Despite a growing body of research surrounding the prevalence and causes of match official abuse (MOA), past studies have primarily drawn data from interviews and surveys with match officials rather than recruiting players and spectators. The present study addressed this gap by examining the prevalence of MOA and dispositional (attitudinal and personality factors) predictors of its perpetration. An online survey was completed by 358 individuals who had encountered referees through spectating or competing in football matches. The survey aimed to explore the prevalence rates of MOA through the perspective of spectators, players and coaches, as well as examining whether perpetration of MOA was associated with aggression, empathy and normalising attitudes (i.e., acceptance of MOA as a part of football). Findings indicated that self-reported levels of MOA (both perpetrated and observed) were lower than previously reported by match officials. Furthermore, statistical analysis indicated that aggression (anger and hostility) and normalising attitudes predicted the perpetration of verbal abuse. The authors propose the utilisation of targeted awareness campaigns and top-down interventions to address the normalisation of MOA among footballers and fans.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dara Mojtahedi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dominic Willmott
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Lydia Ruddick
4
Matthew Hillier
5

  1. University of Huddersfield, UK
  2. Loughborough University, UK
  3. SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
  4. Independent, Manchester, UK
  5. University of Hull, UK
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Abstract

Preliminary findings are promising and suggest that a stronger connection to nature may contribute to the development of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors while also potentially enhancing well-being and psychological resilience. However, previous research has often been limited to cross-sectional analyses, which do not provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics involved in human-nature interactions. To address these methodological gaps, we conducted a two-wave longitudinal study with a six-month interval, involving 261 young adults from Poland. The results of our study demonstrated that connectedness to nature predicts an increase in pro- environmental attitudes (β = .17, p = .002) and behaviors (β = .18, p < .001) over time. Conversely, pro-environmental attitudes positively predicted subsequent connectedness to nature (β = .15, p = .002). Contrary to expectations, neither pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors nor connectedness to nature predicted later psychological well-being among the participants (p > .05), suggesting that the health benefits of connectedness to nature in this age group may have been overestimated in previous cross-sectional studies. Nevertheless, the significant effects on the development of so-called "pro-environmental orientation" justify the need for further research on connectedness to nature and suggest that interventions in this area may yield benefits for environmental protection.
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Authors and Affiliations

Patarycja Uram
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sebastian Binyamin Skalski-Bednarz
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Kwiatkowska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Psychology Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Catholic University of Eichstätt Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
  3. Humanitas University, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Abstract

The role of home-based palliative care is becoming increasingly relevant as a consequence of demographic changes and medical developments. Informal caregivers serve as singular members of the interdisciplinary team within such a caregiving system. Studies have systematically shown that the duration of care and the physical health of informal caregivers are related to the emotions (including stress) they experience. To date, however, there have been no such studies with regard to informal caregivers of oncology patients receiving home-based palliative care (IC-HPs), who appear to be a distinctive group due to the specific nature of such care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fill this gap. The study involved 150 informal caregivers of patients receiving palliative care at home, including 44 men and 106 women aged between 22 and 77 years. Study participants declared the daily and overall time spent on caregiving and evaluated their physical health by answering demographic questions. Thereafter, the study verified the intensity of their positive and negative emotions (using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (SUPIN)) and stress (using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)). The study established that daily caregiving duration was a crucial predictor of the caregivers’ negative emotions, including stress. These findings help to improve formal and informal care for this population of informal caregivers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Paleczna
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of the National Education Commission, Krakow
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Abstract

The purpose of the study was to identify the psychological causes, effects, and treatments for stress and professional burnout in future nurses. The research methodology includes questionnaires of nursing students and psychometric tests, namely, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Perceived Stress Scale. The study examines the psychological aspects of stress and professional burnout in nursing students, which is an urgent problem of modern medical education. The findings highlight the main reasons that contribute to the occurrence of stressful conditions in students, such as high academic load, emotional stress, practical classes in medical institutions and the need to combine study with work. The effects of stress on the mental and physical health of nursing students, including burnout symptoms, reduced academic performance, sleep disorders, and overall deterioration in quality of life, were analysed in detail. Special attention is paid to the impact of chronic stress on the professional development and career prospects of future nurses. The results obtained confirm the need for a comprehensive approach to solving the problem of stress and professional burnout in nursing students, which will help to increase their stress tolerance and professional training. Various methods of prevention and treatment of stress and professional burnout among nursing students are presented. These include cognitive behavioural therapy, meditation, relaxation techniques, exercise, and social support. Recommendations for organising the educational process, creating a favourable learning environment, and providing psychological support to students are provided.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michael Sebastian
1
Gianpiera Bulfone
1
Gennaro Rocco
2
Alessandro Stievano
3

  1. University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
  2. University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Albania
  3. University of Messina, Italy
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Abstract

The present study examined the social-psychological underpinnings of self-silencing to sexist personal experiences, focusing on the role of hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, gender role-related attitudes, and personal beliefs in a just world. An online cross-sectional study was administered between September 2 and December 30, 2021. The sample comprised two hundred twenty-one respondents (Mage =38.22, SD = 2.75). A between-subject, correlational design was utilized to test the current study's hypotheses. This study's results provide evidence that gender role attitudes may shape the lens through which sexist experiences are interpreted, providing a framework for how women navigate such situations. Accordingly, a strategic goal in achieving gender equality is the need to deconstruct gender stereotypes and the established gendered socio-cultural expectations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iraklis Grigoropoulos
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece

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