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Number of results: 10
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Abstract

Effects of confinement on mechanical, structural and thermodynamic properties of uniform fluids are very well understood. In contrast, a general theory based on statistical thermodynamics for confined nonuniform and non-isotropic phases, such as the lamellar phase, is in its infancy. In this review we focus on the lamellar phase confined in a slit or in a pipe in order to illustrate various effects of confinement. We limit ourselves to the results obtained by M. Tasinkevych, V. Babin and the author for lamellar phases in oil-water-surfactant mixtures within a generic semi-microscopic model, using a mean-field approximation. We show that compared to isotropic fluids the excess grand potential contains additional terms associated with structural deformations. These terms depend on the type of the confining walls, the shape of the container and on the thickness of the lamella. As a result of the dependence of the structure of the confined lamellar phase on the shape of the container, capillary lamellarization and capillary delamellarization is found in slits and in pipes respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Ciach
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Abstract

Nawet dziecko wie, że 1 +1 to więcej niż zero, więc uczonych ze Stuttgartu zdumiał wynik eksperymentu, w którym po złożeniu dwóch sił odpychających zamiast silniejszego odpychania otrzymali. .. przyciąganie. Czy naprawdę wzmocnienie odpychania może spowodować przyciąganie?
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Authors and Affiliations

Alina Ciach
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Abstract

Alginate – chitosan – alginate multilayer hydrogel encapsulation systems were investigated for

encapsulation of chondrocytes. Hydrogel is crosslinked due to ionic interaction between cationic

chitosan and anionic alginate, and additionally by calcium ions. Two types of chitosan with

molecular weight were investigated. Cells were encapsulated in two shape microcapsules, microbeads with diameter size 300 – 400 and 500 - 600 µm and fibres with diameter 500 - 600 µm. The

work provides a detailed examination of the impact of the microencapsulation process on the growth

of cells. The viability of chondrocytes can be influenced by the size of produced microcapsules,

while the shape of microcapsules has no important significance on cell viability. The applied

encapsulation methods do not contain harmful stages and create conducive conditions for cell

growth. A possible application area of the developed system is dressing and regeneration of

damaged joint cartilage.

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Authors and Affiliations

Iga Wasiak
Tomasz Ciach
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Abstract

A method of manufacturing hydrogel coatings designed to increase the hydrophilicity of polyurethanes (PU) is presented. Coatings were obtained from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by free radical polymerisation. The authors proposed a mechanism of a two-step grafting - crosslinking process and investigated the influence of reagent concentration on the coating’s physical properties - hydrogel ratio (HG) and equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR). A surface analysis of freeze-dried coatings using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a highly porous structure. The presented technology can be used to produce biocompatible surfaces with limited protein and cell adhesive properties and can be applied in fabrication of number of biomedical devices, e.g. catheters, vascular grafts and heart prosthesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Ciach
Beata Butruk
Maciej Trzaskowski
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Abstract

Every child knows that 1 + 1 equals more than zero, so researchers from the University of Stuttgart were shocked by the results of an experiment in which putting together two repulsing forces created an attraction instead of the expected stronger repulsion. Can enhancing repulsion forces really result in attraction?
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Authors and Affiliations

Alina Ciach
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Abstract

Because of excellent properties, similar to natural bone minerals, and variety of possible biomedical applications, hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a valuable compound among the calcium phosphate salts. A number of synthesis routes for producing HAp powders have been reported. Despite this fact, it is important to develop new methods providing precise control over the reaction and having potential to scale-up. The main motivation for the current paper is a view of continuous synthesis methods toward medical application of produced hydroxyapatite, especially in the form of nanoparticles.

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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Latocha
Michał Wojasiński
Paweł Sobieszuk
Tomasz Ciach
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Abstract

Every bone implant to work correctly after implantation needs to integrate with the surrounding bone. To enhance such a process, called osseointegration, various techniques of implant surface modification emerged. One of the approaches is based on the deposition of nano- and submicron materials on the implant surface. This paper presents a solution blow spinning process for producing poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)/ceramic fibrous composites designed to be deposited directly onto orthopaedic implants prior to implantation to increase osseointegration. We produced plain PLLA fibrous materials for comparison, and fibrous composite materials with ��-tricalcium phosphate (��TCP), hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles modified with lecithin (nHAp-LE). We performed the structural analysis of produced materials with scanning electron microscopy, gravimetric determination of porosity, and water contact angle measurement. We also used infrared spectroscopy, Alizarin Red S staining, and cytotoxicity evaluation to conclude that PLLA/nHAp-LE composite material shows the most promising properties to be applied as surface modification of bone implants. To visualise fibrous composite deposition on implants, we used two models: titanium plate and stainlesssteel bolt. Thus, we showed that the solution blow spun materials can be used for surface modification of orthopaedic implants.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Wojasiński
1
Tomasz Ciach
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Introduction: The musculus flexor carpi radialis (FCR) is a muscle with an important function for the mechanics and physiology of the hand. Its isolation during intrauterine development occurs relatively late, which may result in the presence of high variability during the fetal period. The aim of this study is to determine the detailed typology of FCR in the fetal period based on the available material.
Material and Methods: A total of 114 human fetuses (53 female, 61 male) aged between 117.0 and 197.0 days of fetal life were included in the study. The research material was derived from the collections of the Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Wrocław. Fetuses were stored in typical conservation solvents. The study incorporated the following methods: anthropological, preparational, and image acqui-sition, which was obtained using an innovative digital microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using R software.
Results: The typology of FCR was determined based on the characteristics of the distal attachment of the investigated muscle.
The statistical analysis revealed a predominance of type I in the examined fetal material — the attachment located on metacarpal bone II (about 82% of cases). Type IV (attachment to the 4th metacarpal bone) occurs with a frequency of less than 10% and the remaining types II and III occur with a frequency of 4–6%. The statistical analysis did not reveal bilateral or dimorphic differences in the prevalence of each FCR type. In respect of the collected anthropometric parameters, no statistically significant dimorphic differences were revealed. For a more complete description, the FCR proportionality index was intro-duced. The mean value of this index was 0.6 and was independent of the side or sex of the analyzed fetus.
Conclusions: FCR in the fetal period is characterized by a stable course in both the proximal and distal attachments.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Suchanecka
1
Katarzyna Siwek
1
Jacek Ciach
1
Krzysztof Eicke
1
Victoria Tarkowski
2

  1. Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University
  2. Clinical and Dissecting Anatomy Students Scientific Club, Wroclaw Medical University
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Abstract

Cell encapsulation seems to be a promising tool in tissue engineering. However, it has been shown to have several limitations in terms of long-term cell cultures due to an insufficient oxygen supply. In this study we propose the use of novel microcapsules designed for long-term cell culture consisting of an alginate shell and perfluorocarbon (PFC) core, which works as a synthetic oxygen carrier and reservoir. The influence of PFC presence in the culture as well as the size of structures on cell metabolism was evaluated during 21-day cultures in normoxia and hypoxia. We showed significant improvement in cell metabolism in groups where cells were encapsulated in hydrogel structures with a PFC core. The cells maintained a typical metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation) through all 21 days of the culture, overcoming the oxygen supply shortage even in large structures (diameter ¡ 1 mm). Applying PFC in alginate matrices can improve cell metabolism and adaptation in long-term cell cultures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agata Stefanek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Kulikowska-Darłak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Bogaj
1
Aleksandra Nowak
1
Joanna Dembska
1
Tomasz Ciach
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Developing an effective and safe cancer therapy could significantly reduce the number of deaths and improve the quality of life of treated patients. Nowadays medicine has developed a wide range of anticancer chemotherapeutics but at the same time there is a lack of effective drug delivery methods. Therefore, the development of the targeted drug delivery system which will selectively release drug into the cancer cells is a key challenge of modern medicine.
The main aim of the presented research was to investigate the targeting effect of a drug delivery system based on the controlled release of dextran nanoparticles containing the anticancer drug – doxorubicin from the alginate microspheres coated with chitosan multilayers.
During the research the physicochemical properties of the alginate microspheres and its stability in the physiological environment were investigated. Moreover, the kinetics of the nanoparticles with doxorubicin release from the alginate microspheres covered with chitosan multilayers was characterized, depending on the thickness of the chitosan layer. Further, the cytotoxicity study of the alginate microspheres covered with chitosan multilayer and containing nanoparticles was performed to determine the therapeutic effect of the released nanoparticles with doxorubicin on the HeLa cells during the in vitro cell culture.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Kulikowska-Darłak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agata Stefanek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Iga Wasiak-Wojasińska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paulina Wiechecka-Ożdżyńska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Ciach
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1 Street, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland

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