This article discusses the use of small lead seals (seal tags) in early medieval Poland for commercial and customs control in the context of an economic crisis. The introduction of sealing goods by the Piasts is explained by its cultural transfer from Rus’. Polish commercial lead seals were in use synchronously with Hohlpfennigs from the middle of the 13th to the middle of the 14th century. Their design systematically reflected signs and symbols on bracteates and differed significantly from other small seals of Drohiczyn type from Rus’. The extraordinary number of small lead seals found at Drohiczyn possibly reflects a short- -term relocation of trade routes caused by military conflicts.
Centre Michel de Boüard-Centre de Recherches Archéologiques et Historiques anciennes et médiévales (CRAHAM), UMR 6273, CNRS/Université de Caen Normandie
In the collection of Silesian kwartniks of the National Museum in Wrocław there is a unique, unidentified example of type Fbg 1109. Previous attempts to attribute this coin to the Duchies of Wrocław or Świdnica were based on unclear premises. Re-analysis of the coin dies allows for the presentation of a new attribution proposal.
coin hoard discovered in an unknown locality east of Saint Petersburg in Russia in 2019 ( tpq 1008/9), contained three Polish coins issued by Bolesław I the Brave of hitherto unknown types (Mikhel’son 2023). One of them bears the inscription: +POZZNANI, the oldest record of Poznań’s name, the then-capital center (Fig. 1). The reverse of this coin, like the two others, was struck from a die that contains the inscription: AЯЄAHLAT (Figs 1–3). This die was already known from the first die-chain of Bolesław the Brave’s coinage. This makes it possible to include the newly discovered coins in the die-chain. As a consequence, die-chain no. 1 can be expanded, its chronology can be made more precise (ca. 998–1010), and can help establish that the linked die-chains were used in the Poznań mint.
The collections of the Grodno State Historical and Archaeological Museum include a hoard of denarii of the Roman Empire found near the village of Tsiapy in the Shchuchyn district of the Grodno region. The museum received 28 denarii from the Nerva–Antonine dynasty, the youngest of which dates back to 191–192. The Shchuchyn district and adjacent territories are known for the largest number of finds of Roman coins, including hoards, in the Grodno region. Numerous Roman and Eastern German imports recorded in this region allow us to hypothesize the penetration of the Goths into the right bank of the Neman River or their powerful influence on local Baltic population.
The article is about substitute coins issued by Jan Turno in his demesne in Słomowo. The author presents a short history of the Turno family and the short biography of Jan Turno, and then explains the circumstances of the issue of the substitute money from Słomowo in Greater Poland, Oborniki County.
The article presents the interpretation of a coin found in the Kuyavian region, Central Poland a few years ago. According to the most plausible hypothesis, it is a cast barbarian copy of a barbarian imitation of a Roman denarius. In other words, the barbarians most likely made (by casting) a copy of an imitation previously made (presumably struck) by other barbarians using a Roman original as a model. Numerous barbarian copies and barbarian imitations of Roman denarii have been recorded in recent years. However, the author of the presented article is not aware of any cast copies of imitations, therefore, taking into account the current state of research, the artefact described in the article should be considered unique.
Article concerns medal made by Johann Philip Holzhauesser and given in 1780 to Ignacy Krasicki by King Stanisław August. The circumstances of its realization and reception during the life of gifted and after 1801 were presented based on the written sources (i.a. archives, correspondence). Message that accompanied the medal was analyzed and related to Stanisław August’s medal-making policy.
Anna Janko’s latest novel Finalistka [ The Finalist] (2021) contains a catalogue of ill-nesses that the main character, the poet Hanka M., has to struggle with. The book, which in many ways resembles a patient’s diary, is a record of the battles Hanka, the author’s alter ego, has to fight with the enemy which happens to be her own body. The article considers the strategies she employs to hold her body in check as it repeatedly lets her down and, in effect, becomes her enemy. Its disconcerting strangeness strikes her every time she slips into a search for the signs and symptoms of ageing (her reflections at this point are compared with those of Simone de Beauvoir and some other writers). In Finalistka suffering from illnesses is inscribed into life’s transience which is not just human but universal, and at the same time particular, affecting both men and women. Nonetheless, it is the woman’s perspective that this article finds more interesting.
This article explores the themes and imagery of ill health in Małgorzata Lebda’s poetry. In the poetic triptych Sprawy ziemi [ Matters of the Earth] (2020) she keeps return-ing to the experience of illness and grieves for the loss of both parents (first her mother, then her father) and a missing sister, whose memory was blotted out from family history. In fact, though, Granica lasu [ The Forest Border] (2013) and Matecznik [ Wildwood] (2016) can be seen as earlier attempts to come to terms with all those traumas by transforming them into the texture of her poems. Similarly, the mysterious elder sister who has haunted the poets’ dreams is conjured up in the Sny uckermärkerów [ The Uckermärkers’ Dreams] (2019). The final part of the triptych makes is clear that both sisters bear an in-delible mark of illness, which, in one way or another, is omnipresent in Lebda’s poetic world. It is a tough world where illness and death spares no man, animal or plant.
This article attempts to create a multivariant story about a community of women in the Polish-Jewish contact zone based on the text of Rakhel Feygenberg’s Di kinder-yorn [Polish title: A Girl’s Years: Childhood in a Polesie Shtetl], an autobiography of a Jewish young woman who grew up in Eastern Europe at the turn of the 19th century. Using personal insights and documentary evidence she portrays a community of women read-ers who are engaged in never-ending rounds of watching and sounding each other.
This article presents a model of reinterpretation of illness narratives from the cate-gory of autopathography to that of autosalutography, i.e. restorative/therapeutic auto-biography. The cases in point are Małgorzata Baranowska’s To jest wasze życie. Być sobą w chorobieprzewlekłej [ This Is Your Life: How to Cope with a Chronic Illness] (1994) with their textual strategies of (re)negotiation of autonomy and agency. Drawing on the work of Elselijn Kingma, this analysis takes the constructivist approach to the opposition of health and illness. At the same time, the legacy notion of health with its punitive and oppressive implications, is substituted by the concept of wellbeing (as construed in Tanja Reiffenrath’s Memoirs of Wellbeing). The latter covers a broad range of lived experiences and upgrades the patient’s personal perspective, especially if it is applied within the socio-constructivist understanding of health and illness (disorder).
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