This paper investigates state estimation of linear time-invariant systems where the sensors and controllers are geographically separated and connected over limited capacity, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) communication channels. Such channels are viewed as dropout (erasure) channels. In particular, we consider the case with limited data rates, present a necessary and sufficient condition on the data rate for mean square observability over an AWGN channel. The system is mean square observable if the data rate of the channel is larger than the lower bound given. It is shown in our results that there exist the inherent tradeoffs among the limited data rate, dropout probability, and observability. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

The traditional self organizing map (SOM) is learned by Kohonen learning. The main disadvantage of this approach is in epoch based learning when the radius and rate of learning are decreasing functions of epoch index. The aim of study is to demonstrate advantages of diffusive learning in single epoch learning and other cases for both traditional and anomalous diffusion models. We also discuss the differences between traditional and anomalous learning in models and in quality of obtained SOM. The anomalous diffusion model leads to less accurate SOM which is in accordance to biological assumptions of normal diffusive processes in living nervous system. But the traditional Kohonen learning has been overperformed by novel diffusive learning approaches.

The constrained averaged controllability of linear one-dimensional heat equation defined on R and R+ is studied. The control is carried out by means of the time-dependent intensity of a heat source located at an uncertain interval of the corresponding domain, the end-points of which are considered as uniformly distributed random variables. Employing the Green’s function approach, it is shown that the heat equation is not constrained averaged controllable neither in R nor in R+. Sufficient conditions on initial and terminal data for the averaged exact and approximate controllabilities are obtained. However, constrained averaged controllability of the heat equation is established in the case of point heat source, the location of which is considered as a uniformly distributed random variable. Moreover, it is obtained that the lack of averaged controllability occurs for random variables with arbitrary symmetric density function.

A kind of generalized proportional-integral(GPI) observer for descriptor linear systems is introduced. We first propose two complete parametric solutions to generalized Sylvester matrix equation corresponding to the left eigenvector matrices in the case of Jordan form. Then a parametric design approach for the observer is presented. The proposed method provides all parametric expression of the gain matrices and the corresponding finite left eigenvector matrix and guarantees the regularity and impulse-freeness of the expanded error system. Two numerical examples are given to explain the design procedure and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The paper presents the possibilities of teaching a robot controller to perform operations of autonomous segregation of objects differing in features that can be identified using a vision system.Objects can be arranged freely on the robot scene also covered with others. In the learning phase, a robot operator presents the segregation method by moving subsequent objects held in a human hand, e.g. a red object to container A, a green object to container B, etc. The robot system, after recognizing the idea of segregation that is being done using the vision system, continues this work in an autonomous way, until all identified objects will be removed from robotic scene. There are no restrictions on the dimensions, shapes and placement of containers collecting segregated objects. The developed algorithms were verified on a test bench equipped with two modern robots KUKA LBR iiwa 14 R820.

J.L. Hindmarsh, R.M. Rose introduced the concept of neuronal burst. In this paper, synchronization is investigated for the construction of a model of neuronal burst using backstepping control with recursive feedback. Synchronization for a model of neuronal bursting system is established using Lyapunov stability theory. The backstepping scheme is a recursive procedure that links the choice of a Lyapunov function with the design of a controller. The backstepping control method is effective and convenient to synchronize identical systems. Numerical simulations are furnished to illustrate and validate the synchronization result derived in this paper.

In this paper cluster consensus is investigated for general fractional-order multi agent systems with nonlinear dynamics via adaptive sliding mode controller. First, cluster consensus for fractional-order nonlinear multi agent systems with general formis investigated. Then, cluster consensus for the fractional-order nonlinear multi agent systems with first-order and general form dynamics is investigated by using adaptive sliding mode controller. Sufficient conditions for achieving cluster consensus for general fractional-order nonlinear multi agent systems are proved based on algebraic graph theory, Lyapunov stability theorem andMittag-Leffler function. Finally, simulation examples are presented for first-order and general form multi agent systems, i.e. a single-link flexible joint manipulator which demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed adaptive controller.

In the paper a Lyapunov matrices approach to the parametric optimization problem of a time-delay system with two commensurate delays and a PI-controller is presented. The value of integral quadratic performance index is equal to the value of the Lyapunov functional for the initial function of the time-delay system. The Lyapunov functional is determined by means of the Lyapunov matrix. In the paper is presented the example of a scalar system with two delays and a PI controller.

The aim of this paper is to analyse and interprete the prose text "Vor der Zunahme der Zeichen" by the young, German-speaking writer who as a child fled from the civil war in Sri Lanka. The paper provides an analysis of the contingency of language signs (like homeland, descent, native language, identity) which is a function of the experience of flight, exile, and live in the globalized and electronic media-dominated world. The central role in the novel is played by the relation between death and literary language and its communicative and perception function.

The stance of mysticism on language is located in the field of tensions between the fundamental inability to express the essence of God through the medium of language and the imperative, or the need, to talk about it. In the space betwixt and between, there extends mystic silence as a paradoxical, but effective way of communication and insight. Depending on individual mystics, whose selection from the Middle Ages to the Baroque is presented in the text, silence receives also various additional aspects.

The vesre is a linguistic phenomenon that until recently had been scarcely explored. This fact is due, among others, that very often the forms created in the framework of the vesre belong to the spoken modality and, for this reason, they are hardly registered in the lexicographical sources. In addition, with a certain frequency, this mechanism of lexical creation is identified only with Argentinean Spanish, leaving aside the other zones where it is a very productive mechanism. Hence, in this work we wish to focus our attention on another region, the Peruvian, in which, apparently, the use of vesreisms shows some vitality. For this purpose, we try to gather the scattered data in multiple dictionaries and fragmentary information found in other sources about the Peruvian vesre. Therefore, all the data we submit to the formal analysis supporting us, on the one hand, in the premises that we have used in the works on the Argentinian vesre, and, on the other, however fragmentary they may be, in the information that dictionaries provide us.

The dual nature of water (acqua) in feminine portals – The work is an attempt to show how the concept of acqua (water) is conceptualized in Italian persuasive discourse regarding the health and beauty of modern women. The conducted research mainly based on the notion of imagery in language (Langacker) and linguistic picture of the world (Bartmiński) reveals a number of semantic and axiological aspects involved by the analyzed concept. The valuation of acqua is also noteworthy, as water functions in the linguistic system as a neutral concept, while the corpus subjected to the analysis shows that it has a double face: it is benevolent and destructive at the same time.

Linguistic materials of uncertain syntactic status in a corpus of blog posts – This article proposes an analysis of some modalities of the interfrastic connection in the linguistic productions of bloggers. In particular, attention is focused on cases that present a structural interest as they fall into an intermediate space between autonomy and syntactic-semantic integration. More specifically, it focuses on cases of hypercoding and hypocoding of the the syntactic linking of clauses, as well as on cases of deviant coding.

Between Expressionism and Sperimentalism: Mario Monicelli and Pasquale Festa Campanile – The purpose of this study is to focus on the phenomenon of linguistic experimentalism in Italian cinema and to analyse the languages appearing in four films: medieval Italian, a mixture of Italian dialects, Latin and barbaric languages, in “The Incredible Army of Brancaleone” and “Brancaleone at the Crusades” (directed by M. Monicelli) as well as the prehistoric language in such films as “When Women Had Tails” and “When Women Lost Their Tails” (directed by P. Festa Campanile).

Use of technology in different didactic approaches and methods. Diachronic review. – The present paper aims to present how different methods and approaches of teaching and learning foreign languages make use of new technologies. Every method is innovative and somehow also revolutionary. It’s quite easy to define and recognize which technologies are applied in modern methods. But when it comes to traditional methods it is not so evident. However according to research findings an appropriate application of new technologies can influence the effectiveness of the learning process.

The article analyses the results of mass survey conducted in the framework of the project of the Volkswagen Foundation “Bi- and multilingualism between intensification of conflict and conflict resolution. Ethno-linguistic conflicts, language politics and contact situations in post-Soviet Ukraine and Russia”. Research’s aim was to understand to what extent the state language policy in the area of mass media and cultural sphere meet the expectations of the citizens of Ukraine. It underlines regionally marked attitude towards the strategy of language policy: the Western part of the country prefers Ukrainian language, South – Russian, and Center and North take intermediate positions.

Terminology is significant for professional communication and ipso facto for translation quality assurance (QA). To deliver a translation of high quality, it is crucial to have all new terms that occur in professional discourse collected, stored and managed properly by means of terminology databases (TDBs). In this paper I will try to define ‘quality’ in relation to TDBs and to determine the methodology and criteria that need to be considered by evaluating a TDB in the context of its reliability.

Dialogue in the Classroom: Teaching Strategies and Their Reception by Students – The paper aims to explore Student Voice research within the academic context in terms of theoretical assumptions and a practical approach to its application in the classroom. In the first part, we focus on three main themes which build the explanatory framework: (1) Italian language teaching at Polish universities, (2) the current teaching methodology implemented in the classroom, and (3) Student Voice as a tool to better plan teaching activities. In the second part, we present the findings of a survey conducted among students learning Italian at the Faculty of Applied Linguistics, and we analyze their value for the teaching and learning process.

“A school of virtues, kindness, love”: Salani series of romances as modelling text for “New Italy” women – The woman, seen as a children /citizens educator, in United Italy’s nation-building becomes target of an educational action entrusted to publishing industry. The Salani Collection, which is here pragmatically and linguistically analyzed, represents an emblematic example of serial narrative: the author hides himself in the texts as well that the publishing house is the addresser; the novel becomes a model with a unique moral and behavioral message, spread by an accessible language shaped on Tuscan.

The review covers Ruselina Nicolova’s The Bulgarian Grammar. This is a revised version of Bǔlgarska gramatika. Morfologiia (Sofiia 2008) edited in English by Frank & Timme (Berlin 2017). This outstanding achievement is appraised highly by the review author. The review compares the new work with an earlier academic morphology of Bulgarian (Gramatika na sǔvremenniia bǔlgarski knižoven ezik, t. 2: Morfologiia, Sofiia 1983). It concludes that the Grammar of R. Nicolova makes important progress in semantically and functionally oriented type of Bulgarian linguistic description as well as that publication of this study translated to English is important because it provides a widened reception of the work.

The Serbian Language as Viewed by the East and the West: Synchrony, Diachrony, and Typology, edited by Ljudmila Popović and Motoki Nomachi is a collection of papers which were originally presented at the symposium on February 5th in 2014 at the Slavic-Euroasian Research Center of Hokkaido University. The authors analyze various examples of language contact and linguistic change in the history of the Serbian language with special attention to the cultural opposition of the East and West. In the last section, the results of contrastive analyses of Serbian and Japanese, Russian as well as other Slavic languages are presented. With regard to the topics discussed and high quality of all the studies (most authors are renowned linguists) the volume has a big value for contemporary Slavic linguistics.