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Acknowledgments

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 335-337 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135466

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Associations between value priorities and attitudes toward science

Józef Maciuszek Mateusz Polak Aleksandra Zajas Katarzyna Stasiuk

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 237–243 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135455

Keywords climate change values anti-science vaccine rejection creationism

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Abstract

The paper investigates the relations between Schwartz’s values and beliefs which may reflect skepticism toward science – specifically vaccine rejection, climate change denial and creationism. Recent research on the causes of anti-science indicates that they may be motivational, pertaining to ideologies, worldviews, and one’s moral codes. Therefore, we postulated that value priority hierarchies hierarchies may be predictors of anti-science. Results (N = 509) indicated that Conservation metatype values were positively associated with anti-science, while Self-Transcendence and Openness to change metatypes were connected with support for science. We also found significant differences in value profiles between participants with lower vs. higher anti-scientific beliefs. We discuss the possible motivational underpinnings of these results.

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Authors and Affiliations

Józef Maciuszek

1

Mateusz Polak

1

Aleksandra Zajas

1

Katarzyna Stasiuk

1

Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University

Correlation between Coping Strategies and Psychological Well-being in Communities Affected by Tidal Flood

Indar Widowati Widowati Zaenal Amirudin Amirudin Afiyah Sri Harnany Harnany

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 244-248 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135456

Keywords coping strategies psychological well-being tidal flood

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Abstract

Communities affected by tidal flooding, need psychological treatment to overcome various problems that arise. The purpose of this study was to analyze: 1) strategic coping of communities affected by tidal flooding, 2) psychological well-being of communities affected by tidal flooding, 3) differences in strategic coping of communities affected by tidal flooding in the three regions, 4) differences in psychological well-being of communities affected by tidal flooding in the three areas, 5) the correlation between strategies coping with psychological well-being in communities affected by tidal flooding. Samples were recruited by purposive sampling of 84 respondents. Data analysis uses Spearman rank correlation and Kruskal Wallis. The results obtained by the average strategic coping of 96.73 with a range of values (79-112). Psychological well-being has an average value 197.39 with a range of values (159-228). Spearman rank results proved to be a relationship between coping strategies with psychological well-being (ρ value: 0,000; r of 0.620) with the strength of a positive relationship (0.620). Kruskal Wallis test results show differences in respondent coping strategies among the three regions taken as research samples with ρ value: 0.018 <0.05. Kruskal Wallis test results showed no differences in psychological well-being of respondents among the three regions taken as research samples with ρ value: 0.340> 0.05.

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Authors and Affiliations

Indar Widowati Widowati

1

Zaenal Amirudin Amirudin

1

Afiyah Sri Harnany Harnany

1

Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Indonesia

Subjective and contextual determinants of engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties

Agnieszka Bożek

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 249-259 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135457

Keywords engagement in action beyond-duties engagement self-efficacy action meaningfulness

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Abstract

The objectives of the study were to recognize the main motives for engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties among various professional groups and to identify selected properties of the subject and context of activities that contribute to such beyond-duties engagement. A set of questionnaires in electronic or paper form was completed by 209 employees, including 104 representatives of assistance professions and 95 representatives of creative professions, aged between 21 and 67 years (M = 37.54, SD = 9.55). It was established that the main motives for beyondduties engagement in both groups of professionals under study were self-actualization and acting for the benefit of others. With the use of structural equation modelling, subjective and contextual determinants of engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties were identified as self-efficacy and action meaningfulness. The research discusses the phenomenon of engagement in extra activities at work from the perspective of the acting person/employee. The study results can be useful for managers in setting goals of appropriate type and manner to their employees as well as for task assignment.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Bożek

1

Jagiellonian University

Understanding the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Interdependent Happiness of the Married Hindu Couples

Priyanka Parihar Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari Pramod Kumar Rai

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 260-272 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135458

Keywords common humanity vs. Isolation demographic factors interdependent happiness married Hindu couples mindfulness vs. over-identification self-kindness vs. self-judgement

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Abstract

The study examined the relationships among some demographic factors, self-compassion and interdependent happiness of the married Hindu couples. Using a correlational research design, 600 participants (300 couples) were chosen by a snowball sampling. Self-compassion Scale (Neff, 2003b), Socioeconomic Status Scale (Aggarwal et al., 2005) and Interdependent Happiness Scale (Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015) were used to collect data. Findings revealed that some demographic factors such as age, years of marriage and number of family members were positively correlated with self-compassion while the number of children and socioeconomic status were negatively correlated with it. Age, years of marriage and the number of children had a positive relationship with interdependent happiness. Self-compassion evinced a significant positive correlation with the interdependent happiness of the couples. The nature of family and self- -compassion accounted for significant variance in the scores of interdependent happiness of the couples. The study constitutes one of the limited studies which assessed the relationships among a set of demographic factors, self- -compassion and interdependent happiness on a sample drawn from a collectivistic society. The results have been discussed in the light of extant theoretical and empirical findings of self-compassion and interdependent happiness. The findings may have significant implications for understanding positive life outcomes of people with self-compassion belonging to a collectivistic culture. The theory, practise and policy implications of the findings have been discussed. Directions for future research have also been provided along with some limitations of the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

Priyanka Parihar

1

Gyanesh Kumar Tiwari

1

Pramod Kumar Rai

1

Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India

Eating disorders in men – epidemiology, determinants and treatment. A narrative review of empirical evidence

Beata Ziółkowska Dorota Mroczkowska

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 273-279 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135459

Keywords eating disorders in men gender culture (self)stigmatization physical activity

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Abstract

The paper examines the issues of epidemiology, conditions, and treatment of eating disorders in men which are not widely recognised in either Polish and other International research. The aim of this paper is to provide an narrative overview of published research to date on the epidemiology, determinants and treatment of eating disorders in males, to discuss some of the differences reported in studies of self-identified gender disparities, and differences in comparison to the literature on female eating disorders. The prevalence and extent of the issue is underestimated by those affected and by clinicians. Consequently, men suffering from eating disorders (EDs) are less likely to be recognised or to receive appropriated timely help. This paper is based on a narrative review analysis of research reports on EDs. The authors discuss the issue of EDs in the context of gender, indicating how self-identified gender can affect clinical presentation (including somatic self- -perception, and the methods employed and motives in striving for a ‘perfect’ figure) and how these relate. Both the methods used in collecting data on eating disorders and the precision of diagnostic criteria for recognising eating disorders (mainly anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa) (both on the DSM and ICD systems) are based largely on research conducted in female clinical populations. Analysis of the empirical material to date leads us to assume that symptoms of EDs in men are more often (than in the case of women) related to (self)stigmatisation, difficulties in obtaining a correct diagnosis, coexistent body dysmorphic disorders, substance addictions, and greater physical activity.’

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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Ziółkowska

1

Dorota Mroczkowska

2

Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Exploring the Structure of Volunteer Activities in Hospital Settings Using Multidimensional Scaling: A Preliminary Study

Jirapattara Raveepatarakul Sakkaphat T. Ngamake Chichaya Srichaisawat Witsinee Bovornusvakool Panrapee Suttiwan Nattanan Monkong Poonsub Areekit

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 280-287 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135460

Keywords volunteers multidimensional scaling placement job analysis hospital settings

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Abstract

As the Thai people have been more aware of the importance of volunteering, the structure of volunteer activities in the country’s hospitals has become more complicated. As a result, medical personnel and volunteer organizations have faced challenges in connecting people with the activities most relevant to concerns and needs. In order to assist the host parties as well as individual volunteers, a system that can match the personal characteristics of volunteers to the demands of the activities needs to be developed. As a starting point, multidimensional scaling was used in this study to reveal a working structure for volunteer activities by exploring major dimensions underlying the similarity and dissimilarity between these activities. Twenty-three volunteer activities proposed by a panel of experts and stakeholders were subject to an ordinal (non-metric) multidimensional scaling. All but one volunteer activity can be grouped along three dimensions: hospital-related, lecturing versus group leading, and empathic communication. These three dimensions can serve as a blueprint for identifying personal characteristics that may be essential to each activity and for designing a system for volunteer recruitment and placement.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jirapattara Raveepatarakul

1

Sakkaphat T. Ngamake

1

Chichaya Srichaisawat

1

Witsinee Bovornusvakool

1

Panrapee Suttiwan

1

Nattanan Monkong

1

Poonsub Areekit

1

Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University

Information about objective probability of a lottery and the illusion of control

Karolina Chodzyńska Mateusz Polak

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 288-294 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135461

Keywords decision making gambling illusion of control objective probability random chance games

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Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of explicitly informing participants about the objective probability of winning a lottery on the illusion of control. In a procedure based on Experiment 3 from Langer’s 1975 seminal paper, participants were faced with lotteries based on familiar vs. unfamiliar stimuli and either explicitly informed about the objective probability of winning or not (the probability could be derived from other data). Results indicated that stating the objective probability of winning the lottery reduced, but not eliminated the illusion of control. Moreover, Langer’s effect of stimulus familiarity was not replicated. Experiment 2, which included a lottery based on the full set of Polish alphabet letters, confirmed the same effects. Results indicate that illusion of control may be explained by the control heuristic (Thompson et al., 1998) – in absence of explicitly stated probability, participants estimate their chances of winning based on perceived control, even though calculating the objective probability is possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Chodzyńska

1

Mateusz Polak

1

Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

The impact of experimental manipulation of body schema on creative potential in mid-adolescence

Beata Mirucka Monika Kisielewska

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 295-304 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135462

Keywords body schema creative potential mid-Adolescence experimental manipulation

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Abstract

The study explored the impact of experimental manipulation of body schema on creative potential in midadolescence. The experiment was conducted in a group of 140 adolescents at the age of 14-16: 68 boys (M = 15.03; SD = .93) and 72 girls (M = 15.01; SD = .81), randomly allocated to equinumerous groups: experimental and control. The aim of experimental manipulation was to obtain a temporarily disturbance of body schema. It was gained by the use of glasses reversing the field of vision in the vertical up/down plane, and measured by the Body Schema Disturbance Questionnaire. In both groups the Urban and Jellen’s Test for Creative Thinking – Drawing Production (TCT-DP, Urban & Jellen, 1986) was administered twice (in A and B versions, randomly selected). Statistical analyses was run with a mixed model ANOVA (2 drawings x 2 groups x 2 sexes). The interaction effect of drawing production and group assignment on creative potential was significant, while the interaction effect of drawing production and sex on creative potential turned out to be insignificant.

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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Mirucka

1

Monika Kisielewska

1

Faculty of Education, University of Bialystok

Effects of work-family and family-work conflict and guilt on job and life satisfaction

Cátia Sousa Ezequiel Pinto Joana Santos Gabriela Gonçalves

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 305-314 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135463

Keywords work-family and family-work conflict work-family and family-work guilt life satisfaction job satisfaction

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Abstract

The boundary between work and family life is now almost invisible, making the search for a balance between both spheres a dilemma and challenge. These concerns have led to a growing increase in studies on work-family and family-work conflict, their predictors, and their effects. This study aims to: 1) observe the predictive effect of work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC) on work-family guilt (WFG) and family-work guilt (FWG), respectively; and 2) to observe the effect of WFC, FWC, WFG and FWG on satisfaction with life and job satisfaction. In a sample of 213 participants aged between 22 and 64 years (M = 41.77; SD = 6.63), the results show that, in contrast with expectations, WFG and FWG did not prove to be predictors; only WFC and FWC had a negative effect on both guilt and satisfaction with life and job satisfaction. The family work interface is a topic that is extremely important, not only for organizations but also for society. Therefore, the study of its implications on variables is considered essential for the promotion of positive functioning of individuals.

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Authors and Affiliations

Cátia Sousa

1

Ezequiel Pinto

1

Joana Santos

1

Gabriela Gonçalves

1

Universidade do Algarve CIP-Centre for Research in Psychology (CIP/UAL) & University of Algarve, Portugal

Tactile and Visual Virtual Reality Attention Distraction From Pain in Cold Pressor Test

Marcin Czub Anna Bagrij

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 315-323 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135464

Keywords attention distraction tactile interventions for pain virtual reality cold pressor test

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Abstract

The goal of this study was to test the efficacy of a tactile attention distraction from pain and compare its effectiveness with a virtual reality (VR) distraction on an analogous task. VR is considered to be the gold standard for attention distraction, but it cannot be used in certain clinical cases or for particular medical procedures. A repeatedmeasures experimental study was carried out with 42 participants using tactile and VR variants of an n-back task and a cold pressor test for pain. The independent variable was the distraction type (tactile, VR, or no-distraction) and the dependent variable was pain tolerance (i.e., time participants kept their hand in cold water). The results showed that both tactile and VR games effectively increased pain tolerance compared to the control condition. Effect sizes for both interventions were similar. However, the effect was observed only for female participants.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Czub

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Anna Bagrij

1

Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław

“A bit of salt, a bit of pepper, and a bit of irony:” A qualitative analysis of attitudes towards verbal irony in gelotophobes and nongelotophobes

Piotr Kałowski

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 324-334 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.135465

Keywords verbal irony irony understanding individual differences gelotophobia content analysis

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Abstract

A qualitative study was carried out to survey attitudes towards and feelings associated with verbal irony among gelotophobes and nongelotophobes (gelotophobia denoting the fear of being laughed at). Sixty-one people (13 gelotophobes) were surveyed using an open-ended online questionnaire. An inductive, manifest content analysis was carried out. The analysis distinguished that non-gelotophobes treat verbal irony as a skillful way of drawing attention to absurdity. Irony was also often seen as a personal quality rather than a linguistic form. Concerns with recognizing irony appeared very rarely. In contrast, the gelotophobes’ responses displayed a more negative and one-sided attitude towards irony, describing it mostly as a way to put down and insult. These findings, though obtained in a general exploration, present a perspective complementary to that seen in linguistic and psycholinguistic literature as they draw attention to matters of personal experience of irony use. Additionally, the study’s methodological limitations and further directions for research are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Kałowski

1

Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw

New insights into the novel and functional promoter sequences of β-1,3-glucanase gene from Hevea brasiliensis

Supriya Radhakrishnan Suni Anie Mathew Alikunju Saleena Arjunan Thulaseedharan

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2021 | vol. 61 | No 1 | 28-40 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2021.136266

Keywords abnormal leaf fall Hevea brasiliensis Phytophthora PR-protein systemic acquired resistance (SAR) β-1,3-glucanase

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Abstract

β-1,3-glucanases play a major role in combating the abnormal leaf fall disease (ALF) caused by the oomycete Phytophthora spp. in Hevea brasiliensis, the major commercial source of natural rubber. In this study, partial sequences of four novel promoters of different β-1,3-glucanase genomic forms were amplified through inverse PCR from the H. brasiliensis clone RRII 105 and sequence characterized. This is the first report showing β-1,3-glucanase genes driven by a different set of promoter sequences in a single clone of Hevea. The nucleotide sequencing revealed the presence of 913, 582, 553 and 198 bp promoter regions upstream to the translation initiation codon, ‘ATG’, and contained the essential cis-elements that are usually present in biotic/abiotic stress-related plant gene promoters along with other complex regulatory regions. The amplified regions showed strong nucleosome formation potential and in two of the promoters CpG islands were observed indicating the tight regulation of gene expression by the promoters. The functional efficiency of the isolated promoter forms was validated using promoter: reporter gene (GUS) fusion binary vectors through Agrobacterium mediated transformation in Hevea callus and tobacco. GUS gene expression was noticed in Hevea callus indicating that all the promoters are functional. The transgenic tobacco plants showed no GUS gene expression. The implication of these novel promoter regions to co-ordinate the β-1,3-glucanase gene expression can be utilized for defense specific gene expression in future genetic transformation attempts in Hevea and in a wide variety of plant systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

Supriya Radhakrishnan

1 2

Suni Anie Mathew

1 3

Alikunju Saleena

1 4

Arjunan Thulaseedharan

1

Advanced Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam, Kerala, India
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America

Sensitivity and resistance level of sourgrass population subjected to glyphosate application

Jhonatan Diego Cavalieri Renan Fonseca Nascentes Matheus Mereb Negrisoli Caio Antonio Carbonari Carlos Gilberto Raetano

Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2021 | vol. 61 | No 1 | 47-56 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2021.136267

Keywords chemical control Digitaria insularis Gompertz model resistance factor

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Abstract

The intensive use of glyphosate in agricultural areas has increased the frequency of weeds that are resistant to herbicides. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the sensitivity and resistance level of Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde (sourgrass) populations to glyphosate. Sixty two sourgrass populations were collected from the states of Paraná and São Paulo, Brazil, and subjected to glyphosate application at 1,080 and 2,160 g of acid equivalent (a.e.) · ha–1 in screening assays. Five sourgrass populations were selected, three of which are resistant and two of which are susceptible to glyphosate, to determine the resistance factors (RFs) through dose-response studies at two phenological stages of plant growth: the 2–4-leaf stages and the 2–4-tiller stage. The trials were conducted in a greenhouse in accordance with a completely randomized design. In both trials, the control was evaluated based on the score of the visual control symptoms (VC) and the percentage of dry matter (DM) in relation to those of the control (without application). In the screening test, the data obtained for the response variables were adjusted for frequency curves by following the regression model proposed by Gompertz. The results indicated low sensitivity of D. insularis to glyphosate in 100% of the samples from areas in which soybeans are tolerant to this herbicide. Populations with susceptible plants were found in fallow areas, pasture areas and sugar cane fields. Based on the values of VC50 and DM50, the maximum RF obtained among the populations was 15. More advanced stages of development make sourgrass control difficult, requiring doses that are 3.5 times greater than those at the initial stage.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jhonatan Diego Cavalieri

1

Renan Fonseca Nascentes

1

Matheus Mereb Negrisoli

1

Caio Antonio Carbonari

1

Carlos Gilberto Raetano

1

Department of Plant Protection, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

Phenolic and flavonoid contents in Deschampsia antarctica plants growing in nature and cultured in vitro

Maryana Twardovska Iryna Konvalyuk Kateryna Lystvan Igor Andreev Ivan Parnikoza Viktor Kunakh

Polish Polar Research | 2021 | vol. 42 | No 2 | 97-116 | DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2021.136602

Keywords Antarctic Deschampsia antarctica in vitro plants phenolic compounds flavonoids HPL Canalysis

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Abstract

The paper presents data on the total phenolic and flavonoid content in Deschampsia antarctica È. Desv. plants collected from natural habitats, plants cultured in vitro, regenerated plants, and plants cultivated in a growth chamber. It was found that the shoots (aerial parts) had higher phenolic and flavonoid contents compared to the roots. The largest amount of these substances was found in wild plants from Great Yalour Island. The content of phenolics and flavonoids in plants cultured in vitro was generally comparable to that in plants collected from natural habitats except for some clones. HPLC analysis revealed five main metabolites present in similar ratios in the studied samples of wild and in vitro plants. Minor substances varied slightly in different extracts, however their presence did not depend on plant growth conditions. No significant qualitative differences in HPLC profiles were found between the wild and in vitro plants. The studied samples did not contain quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin, whereas orientin was found in all studied samples of D. antarctica.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maryana Twardovska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Iryna Konvalyuk

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kateryna Lystvan

2

Igor Andreev

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ivan Parnikoza

1 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Viktor Kunakh

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Cell Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,150 Acad. Zabolotnogo Str., 03143, Kyiv, Ukraine
Department of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic, Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 148 Acad. Zabolotnogo Str., 03143, Kyiv, Ukraine
State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, 16 Shevchenko Ave., 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine

Konferencja: Roman Ingarden (1893-1970). Pytania fundamentalne

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4

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Spis treści / Contents

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 5-8

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Roman Witold Ingarden (1893–1970)

Radosław Kuliniak Mariusz Pandura

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 13-52 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135060

Keywords biography R. Ingarden phenomenology Polish philosophy of the 20th century

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Abstract

This biographical sketch is based on materials from the Roman Ingarden Archive, as yet unrecognized in philosophical literature. These materials are preserved in Krakow by Krzysztof Ingarden, the grandson of the philosopher. On their basis, a two‑volume biography was prepared by R. Kuliniak and M. Pandura I am a philosopher of the world (Κόσμου φιλόσοφός εἰμι) – Roman Witold Ingarden (1893–1970), Parts I and II, Wydawnictwo Marek Derewiecki, Kęty 2019–2020). This presentation is an abridged version of those volumes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Radosław Kuliniak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mariusz Pandura

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Koszarowa 3, 51-149 Wrocław
Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Biblioteka Wydziału Nauk Społecznych, ul. Koszarowa 3, 51-149 Wrocław

The fiftieth anniversary of Roman Ingarden’s death

Bogdan Dziobkowski

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 9-11 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135059

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Bogdan Dziobkowski

The allure of Plato. An examination of Roman Ingarden’s ontology

Adam Nowaczyk

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 75-90 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135062

Keywords concretization idea individual R. Ingarden ontology quality realism

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Abstract

The author examines ontological premises adopted in the Controversy over the Existence of the World by Roman Ingarden. He points out that these premises have been informed by mereological insights. This reading of Ingarden is substantiated by the postulate that ‘pure qualities’ are components of ‘ideas’ and constitute their proper parts. This is the reason why they cannot be attributed to individuals as their properties. The role of properties is consequently filled in by ‘concretizations’, proposed as a new category of existence. This author claims however that ‘concretizations’ can be easily dispensed with by reinterpreting ideas in the distributive mode. Assuming this new rendition, one makes it possible to interpret ‘pure qualities’ as properties of possible individuals, which results in a comfortable simplification of Ingarden’s ontology.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Nowaczyk

Roman Ingarden in Polish philosophical literature

Irena Bednarz

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 53-74 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135061

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Irena Bednarz

Making dark depths bright. Methodological analysis of Ingarden’s conception of the work of music

Anna Brożek

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 455-472 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135084

Keywords R. Ingarden methodology of philosophy ontological assumptions work of music

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Abstract

In the book The Work of Music and the Problem of Its Identity Roman Ingarden presented multi‑sided conception of the work of music. The crucial problems of this book are of ontological character and they concern the ontic category and the essence of the music composition. In the present article, Ingarden’s conception is criticized internally and externally. At first, Ingarden’s conception is analyzed from the point of view of his own assumptions. Then, the very assumptions are revised. Ingarden bases his investigation on the elitist analytic corpus (he considers only outstanding works of Western Music) and employs liberal ontological assumptions (he allows many different categories of objects). With these assumptions in place, Ingarden reaches his solution, namely that the work of music is a schematic, purely intentional object. This seems optimal. The perspective changes, if we go beyond the elitist corpus or accept more restrictive ontological assumptions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Brożek

1

Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Filozofii, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 3, 00-927 Warszawa

Ingarden, intentionality and invasion of the soul snatchers

Damian Leszczyński

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 437-453 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135083

Keywords delusion R. Ingarden intentional object intentionality knowledge manipulation

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Abstract

In this article I use Roman Ingarden’s conceptual apparatus to show how the category of purely intentional objects can be used to analyze the consciousness of subjects who reside in intentional worlds and experience internal states invoked in their minds by sources external to them.

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Damian Leszczyński

1

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ORCID:

Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Koszarowa 3, 51-149 Wrocław

Roman Ingarden on the musical work. Five remarks

Jędrzej Stanisławek

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 487-495 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135086

Keywords R. Ingarden intentional object melody music musical work

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Abstract

The author reflects on the issues raised in R. Ingarden’s article The Work of Music and the Problem of Its Identity. He considers them and presents them in a new light. This author believes that the musical works exist as special relations between special objects. At the same time, he refuses to consider musical creativity a product of human consciousness. In his opinion, consciousness only accepts or rejects musical phrases that present themselves as a product of unconscious brain activity.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jędrzej Stanisławek

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

(em.) Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Administracji i Nauk Społecznych, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warszawa

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