Applied sciences

Archives of Mining Sciences

Content

Archives of Mining Sciences | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 3

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Abstract

The caving effect of the top coal caving is crucial for efficient mining. Using the Yushuling coal mine, Xinjiang province, China, as a case study, the coal and rock physical and mechanical parameters, such as the compressive, tensile, and shear strength values and hardness of the top coal and roof rock, were determined. The analysis of the effect of different factors on the blasting presplitting process was numerically simulated, and the optimal parameters of blast drilling were identified. Three presplit boreholes were implemented: in the workface, the workface’s advance area, and the two roadway roofs in the workface’s advance area. The optimal blasting drilling parameters and charge structure were designed. The field test results in the mine under study indicated that the top coal recovery rate of the 110501 fully mechanised top coal caving face was improved twice (from 40 to more than 80%), and an effective blasting presplitting was achieved. The proposed blasting presplitting method has an important guiding significance for fully mechanised top coal caving mining in Xinjiang and similar mining areas.
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Authors and Affiliations

Qiang Sun
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chengfang Shan
2
ORCID: ORCID
Zhongya Wu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yunbo Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. China University of Mining and Technology, China
  2. Kuqa Yushuling Coal Mine Co., Ltd, Kuqa, Aksu, China
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Abstract

It has been acknowledged that two important rock aggregate properties are the Los Angeles abrasion value (LAAV) and magnesium sulphate soundness (M wl). However, the determination of these properties is relatively challenging due to special sampling requirements and tedious testing procedures. In this study, detailed laboratory studies were carried out to predict the LAAV and M wl for 25 different rock types located in NW Turkey. For this purpose, mineralogical, physical, mechanical, and aggregate properties were determined for each rock type. Strong predictive models were established based on gene expression programming (GEP) and artificial neural network (ANN) methodologies. The performance of the proposed models was evaluated using several statistical indicators, and the statistical analysis results demonstrated that the ANN-based proposed models with the correlation of determination (R2) value greater than 0.98 outperformed the other predictive models established in this study. Hence, the ANN-based predictive models can reliably be used to predict the LAAV and M wl for the investigated rock types. In addition, the suitability of the investigated rock types for use in bituminous paving mixtures was also evaluated based on the ASTM D692/D692M standard. Accordingly, most of the investigated rock types can be used in bituminous paving mixtures. In conclusion, it can be claimed that the proposed predictive models with their explicit mathematical formulations are believed to save time and provide practical knowledge for evaluating the suitability of the rock aggregates in pavement engineering design studies in NW Turkey.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ekin Köken
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Abdullah Gul University, Nanotechnology Engineering Department, 38100, Kayseri – Turkey
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Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the formation of the WF coefficient in coal excavations. The WF coefficient determines the share of the wet surface of the excavation sidewall. The wet part of the excavation sidewall is covered partly by the water film, which evaporates, lowering the temperature of this surface. This coefficient is one of the principal parameters used in forecasting the changes in temperature and humidity of the mine air occurring on the way of contact between the excavation sidewall and the flowing air. During the determination of the coefficient value, the criterion of equality of the actual and forecasted ratios of sensible heat to total heat was assumed in the research methodology. Values of the WF coefficient in the examined excavations generally vary within the range of 0,1-0,6, and they are mostly dependent on the parameters related to the period of ventilation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Smołka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

Slope Stability Analysis is one of the main aspects of Open-pit mine planning because the calculations regarding the stability of slopes are necessary to assess the stability of the open pit slopes together with the financial feasibility of the mining operations. This study was conducted to analyse the effect of groundwater on the shear strength properties of soft rock formations and determine the optimum overall slope angle for an open pit coal mine at Thar Coalfield, Pakistan. Computer modelling and analysis of the slope models were performed using Slide (v. 5.0) and Phase2 (v. 6.0) software. Integrated use of Limit Equilibrium based Probabilistic (LE-P) analysis and Finite Element Method (FEM) based shear strength reduction analysis was performed to determine the safe overall slope angle against circular failure. Several pit slope models were developed at different overall slope angles and pore-water pressure ratio (Ru) coefficients. Each model was initially analysed under dry conditions and then by incorporating the effect of pore-water pressure coefficients of Ru = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 (partially saturated); finally, the strata were considered to be fully saturated. It was concluded that at an overall slope angle of 29 degrees, the overall slope will remain stable under dry and saturated conditions for a critical safety factor of 1.3.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shafi Muhammad Pathan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdul Ghani Pathan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fahad Irfan Siddiqui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Muhammad Burhan Memon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mairaj Hyder Alias Aamir Soomro
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mining Engineering, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Abstract

In this study, the noise sources to which a coal miner, who works at the Kurul panel of Kilimli Colliery, Zonguldak, was exposed were investigated. These sources were positioned at different points from the surface to the workface. Noise levels were measured according to the working periods of the coal miners around the machines. The results were evaluated under the Turkish Noise Regulation. The critical exposure times in which the coal miners could work without the use of personal protective equipment were examined according to the noise values to which they were exposed. In addition, the personal noise exposure values of the machine operators (boring machine, electro-hydraulic drill, and pick hammer) were determined during the development works. Two different types of noise measurements, with a microphone at the ear level and inside the ear protector, were conducted. The results obtained when the microphone of the personal dosimeter was at ear level, were found to be 15 dBA higher than those when the microphone was inside the ear protector. As a result, the selection methods of ear protectors were analyzed. Recommendations were given for those working on the risky tasks at the panel.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ilknur Erol
1
ORCID: ORCID
Okan Su
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Çukurova University, Dept. of Mining Engineering, Adana, Türkiye
  2. Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Dept. of Mining and Mineral Extraction, Zonguldak, Türkiye
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Abstract

The article presents the problem of selecting the correct type of limestone for producing paving stones used to renovate the surface of Mariacki Square in Krakow. Due to using up local limestone deposits, imported limestones began to be used. The first one was a Turkish limestone with the trade name Lotus Beige. Despite substantial physical and mechanical parameters (compressive strength 134 MPa, water absorption 0.26%), after several years of use, the paving stone cracked and, as a result, fell apart into smaller fragments. Hauteville limestone from France has been selected for the following reconstruction of the surface. This limestone in the air-dry state was characterised by even higher parameters, i.e. compressive strength of 157 MPa, flexural strength at 16.9 MPa, Bohme Abrasion test at 15275 mm3, and water absorption at 0.23%. The tests also showed absolute frost resistance and high resistance to thermal shock. Unfortunately, after several years of using the surface of Mariacki Square, cracks and flaking of the rock material have been observed in terms of some paving stones. These cracks appeared within the so-called stylolite seams, which are a natural feature of limestone. Despite a very strict selection of materials, unfortunately, problems with the surface’s durability could not be avoided.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Hydzik-Wiśniewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elżbieta Hycnar
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

The analysis of natural hazards, including gas-geodynamic phenomena, requires study of the basic physical processes that take place at each stage of an event. This paper focuses on analysing the transport of fragmented rock material during rock and gas outbursts. Our theoretical considerations and experiments have allowed us to specify and verify the significant forces acting on fragmented rock during its transport, thus determining the speed of grains of each grain class in the stream of expanding gas. The above study may serve as a preface to a wide-ranging quantitative and qualitative energy analysis of the movement of material ejected during Gas-geodynamic phenomena.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Kozieł
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Janus
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Science, 27 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

In longwall coal exploitation, problems with the proper functioning of the powered shield support often occur. In many cases, it results from the insufficient load-bearing capacity of the ground (floor) and the inability to achieve the set or yield pressure of the shield support. The improper functioning of the shield support may also result from its construction and the lack of optimisation to work effectively on a weak mine floor. This paper presents an attempt to optimise the operating conditions of the base of two-legged shield support based on the field observations and results of the PFC3D numerical calculation. In the framework of the numerical calculations, the impact of the width of the base and the location of the hydraulic legs on the working conditions of shield support on a weak floor were analysed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sylwester Rajwa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sven Bock
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Central Mining Institute (GIG), 1 Gwarków Sq., 40-166 Katowice, Poland
  2. DMT GmbH, Germany
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Abstract

In the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland), numerous former workings have been left unprotected after the liquidation of mines in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The workings have been located at low depths. The paper presents the results of strength tests of wood samples acquired from linings in former workings, and the obtained results have been compared to the results achieved in tests of samples of wood intended to be used in a reconstruction of a historic gallery. The tests consisted in determining the bending strength of wood in compliance with the applicable Polish standard. The results showed that the wood from historic mines was characterised by high variability of bending strength – usually much lower than that of the wood intended for construction. Too low bending strength of timber may result in caving in shallow excavation and lead to sinkhole creation on the surface.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Strzałkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Grzegorz Dyduch
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Silesian University, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, 2 Akademicka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

The article assesses the production capacity of the Polish Power System, taking into account the military operations in Ukraine and the related resource crisis. An analysis was made of how the war in Ukraine will affect the validity of Poland’s energy policy adopted a year ago. The sensitivity of the Polish Energy System to the import of energy resources from Russia was assessed as well as the possibilities of filling the gap caused by the lack of these raw materials were described and measures were proposed. It shows how electricity prices in the EU countries developed in the last year and what the energy mix of these countries looked like. Alternative scenarios for the transformation of the domestic system were discussed, including the coal – renewable energy – nuclear energy scenario, with the minimization of gas as a fuel of the transition period.
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Authors and Affiliations

Antoni Tajduś
1
ORCID: ORCID
Stanisław Tokarski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Science and Technology (AGH), Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  2. Central Mining Institute, 1 Gwarków Sq., 40-166 Katowice, Poland

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[1] L.B. Magalas, Development of High-Resolution Mechanical Spectroscopy, HRMS: Status and Perspectives. HRMS Coupled with a Laser Dilatometer . Arch. Metall. Mater. 60 (3), 2069-2076 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/AMM-2015-0350

[2] E. Pagounis, M.J. Szczerba, R. Chulist, M. Laufenberg, Large Magnetic Field-Induced Work output in a NiMgGa Seven-Lavered Modulated Martensite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 152407 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4933303

[3] H. Etschmaier, H. Torwesten, H. Eder, P. Hadley, Suppression of Interdiffusion in Copper/Tin thin Films. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2012). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0090-2.

Books:

[4] K.U. Kainer (Ed.), Metal Matrix Composites, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2006).

[5] K. Szacilowski, Infochemistry: Information Processing at the Nanoscale, Wiley (2012).

[6] L. Reimer, H. Kohl, Transmission Electron Microscopy: Physics of Image Formation, Springer, New York (2008).

Proceedings or chapter in books with editor(s):

[7] R. Major, P. Lacki, R. Kustosz, J. M. Lackner, Modelling of nanoindentation to simulate thin layer behavior, in: K. J. Kurzydłowski, B. Major, P. Zięba (Eds.), Foundation of Materials Design 2006, Research Signpost (2006).

Internet resource:

[8] https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/crystallographic-databases, accessed: 17.04.2017

Academic thesis (PhD, MSc):

[9] T. Mitra, PhD thesis, Modeling of Burden Distribution in the Blast Furnace, Abo Akademi University, Turku/Abo, Finland (2016).


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