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Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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The Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences is published bimonthly by the Division IV Engineering Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, since the beginning of the existence of the PAS in 1952. The journal is peer‐reviewed and is published both in printed and electronic form. It is established for the publication of original high quality papers from multidisciplinary Engineering sciences with the following topics preferred:

  • Artificial and Computational Intelligence,
  • Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology,
  • Civil Engineering,
  • Control, Informatics and Robotics,
  • Electronics, Telecommunication and Optoelectronics,
  • Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Thermodynamics,
  • Material Science and Nanotechnology,
  • Power Systems and Power Electronics.

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Journal Metrics:
JCR Impact Factor 2023: 1.2
5 Year Impact Factor 2022: 1.1
CiteScore 2023: 2.8
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2023: 0.282
Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2023: 0.573
Ministry of Education and Science: 100 points

Abbreviated title: Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci.
ISSN
ISSN 2300-1917

Editorial Board 2023-2025

Editor-in-Chief:

A. Rogalski, Military University of Technology

Honorary (Past) Editor-in Chief:

T. Kaczorek, Warsaw University of Technology

M.P. Kaźmierkowski, Warsaw University of Technology

Deputy Editor-in-Chief:

B. Błachowski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

M. Mrozowski, Gdansk University of Technology

Board of Topical Co-editors:

Artificial and Computational Intelligence

S. Osowski, B. Sawicki and T. Leś, Warsaw University of Technology

Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology

D. Pijanowska, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAN

Civil Engineering

L. Czarnecki, Building Research Institute, ITB, Warsaw

Ł. Sadowski, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

Control, Robotics and Informatics

J. Klamka and A. Babiarz, Silesian Technical University

J. Stefanowski, Poznan University of Technology

Electronics, Telecommunication and Optoelectronics

M. Mrozowski and A. Lamęcki, Gdansk University of Technology

Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Thermodynamics

B. Błachowski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

G. Zboiński, Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery PAN and University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Materials Science and Nanotechnology

B. Major and P. Czaja, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAN

Power Systems and Power Electronics

J. Rąbkowski and M. Jasiński, Warsaw University of Technology

International Editorial Advisory Board

R. Asthana, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, USA

Xu Binshi, China Association of Plant Engineering, Beijing, P.R. China

F. Blaabjerg, Aalborg University, Denmark

C. Cecati, University of L’Aquila, Italy

A. Cichocki, RIKEN Institute, Tokyo, Japan

M. David, National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France

R. Ebner, Materials Centre Leoben, Leoben, Austria

E. Fornasini, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

L.G. Franquelo, University of Sevilla, Spain

M. Gad-el-Hak, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA

M. Giersig, Free University of Berlin, Germany

D. van Gemert, Catholic University Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium

L. Keviczky, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

V. Kučera, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

R. Kennel, Technical University Munich, Germany

T.A. Kowalewski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

E. Levi, Liverpool John Moore University, UK

G. Maier, Technical University of Milan, Milan, Italy

K.F. Man, City University of Hong Kong,

R. Maniewski, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAN

H.A. Mang, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria

H. Mihashi, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan

S. Mindess, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

D.A. Mlynski, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany

A.S. Nowak, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

K. Ohnishi, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan

A. Öberg, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

W. Pedrycz, University of Alberta, Canada

M. Razeghi, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

J. Rodriguez, University of Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile

J.V. Sloten, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

B.M. Wilamowski, University of Auburn, Alabama, USA

A.L. Yarin, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA

Du Xiangwan, Chinese Academy of Engineering, China

J. Żurada, Department of Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, USA

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Wydział IV Nauk Technicznych PAN

Pl. Defilad 1

PL 00-901 Warszawa

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Renata Podraza, e-mail: Renata.Podraza@pan.pl

Finance:

Katarzyna Łasak, e-mail: Katarzyna.Lasak@pan.pl

The Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.


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Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | No. 1 (i.a. Special Section on Vibrations, mechanical waves, and propagation of heat in physical systems)

1 Contents
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | No. 1 (i.a. Special Section on Vibrations, mechanical waves, and propagation of heat in physical systems)
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2 Vibrations, mechanical waves, and propagation of heat in physical systems
Tomasz Kapitaniak , Michal Šofer , Bartłomiej Błachowski , Wojciech Sochacki , Sebastian Garus
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140149 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140149
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Bibliography

  1.  S. Garus et al., “Mechanical vibrations: recent trends and engineering applications”, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 70, no. 1, p. e140351, 2022, doi: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140351.
  2.  X. Li et al., “Investigation to the influence of additional magnets positions on four magnet bi-stable piezoelectric energy harvester”, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 70, no. 1, p. e140151, 2022, doi: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140151.
  3.  A. Anand, S. Pal, and S. Kundu, “Bandwidth and power enhancement in the MEMS based piezoelectric energy harvester using magnetic tip mass”, vol. 70, no. 1, p. 140149, 2022, doi: 10.24425/BPASTS.2021.140149.
  4.  P. Kwiatoń, D. Cekus, M. Sofer, and P. Sofer, “Application of heuristic methods to identification of the parameters of discretecontinuous models”, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 70, no. 1, p. e140150, 2022, doi: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140150.
  5.  S. Garus, W. Sochacki, M. Kubanek, and M. Nabiałek, “Minimizing the number of layers of the quasi one-dimensional phononic structures”, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 70, no. 1, p. e139394, 2022, doi: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139394.
  6.  A. Mackojć and B. Chiliński, “Preliminary modelling methodology of a coupled payload-vessel system for offshore lifts of light and heavyweight objects”, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 70, no. 1, p. e139003, 2022, doi: 10.24425/bpasts.2021. 139003.
  7.  P. Bartkowski, H. Bukowiecki, F. Gawiński, and R. Zalewski, “Adaptive crash energy absorber based on a granular jamming mechanizm”, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 70, no. 1, p. e139002, 2022, doi: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139002.
  8.  D. Rodak, M. Żurawski, M. Gmitrzuk, and L. Starczewski, “Possibilities of Vacuum Packed Particles application in blast mitigation seat in military armored vehicles”, vol. 70, no. 1, p. e138238, 2022, doi: 10.24425/BPASTS.2021.138238.
  9.  K. Sokół and M. Pierzgalski, “Investigations on an influence of the material properties on vibrations of active Rocker-Boogie suspension”, Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 70, no. 1, p. e138239, 2022, doi: 10.24425/BPASTS.2021.138239.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Kapitaniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michal Šofer
2
ORCID: ORCID
Bartłomiej Błachowski
3
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Sochacki
4
ORCID: ORCID
Sebastian Garus
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Division of Dynamics, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
  2. Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava,17. Listopadu 15/2127, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
  3. Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawinskiego 5b, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
  4. Department of Mechanics and Fundamentals of Machinery Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Częstochowa University of Technology, al. Armii Krajowej 21, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
3 Mechanical vibrations: recent trends and engineering applications
Sebastian Garus , Bartłomiej Błachowski , Wojciech Sochacki , Anna Jaskot , Paweł Kwiatoń , Mariusz Ostrowski , Michal Šofer , Tomasz Kapitaniak
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140351 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140351
Keywords: mechanical vibrations energy harvesting modal analysis granular materials
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Abstract

Although the study of oscillatory motion has a long history, going back four centuries, it is still an active subject of scientificr esearch. In this review paper prospective research directions in the field of mechanical vibrations were pointed out. Four groups of important issues in which advanced research is conducted were discussed. The first are energy harvester devices, thanks to which we can obtain or save significant amounts of energy, and thus reduce the amount of greenhouse gases. The next discussed issue helps in the design of structures using vibrations and describes the algorithms that allow to identify and search for optimal parameters for the devices being developed. The next section describes vibration in multi-body systems and modal analysis, which are key to understanding the phenomena in vibrating machines. The last part describes the properties of granulated materials from which modern, intelligent vacuum-packed particles are made. They are used, for example, as intelligent vibration damping devices.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Garus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartłomiej Błachowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Sochacki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Jaskot
3
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Kwiatoń
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mariusz Ostrowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Michal Šofer
4
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Kapitaniak
5
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
  2. Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
  3. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
  4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
  5. Division of Dynamics, Lodz University of Technology, Poland
4 Investigation to the influence of additional magnets positions on four-magnet bi-stable piezoelectric energy harvester
Xinxin Li , Kexue Huang , Zhilin Li , Jiangshu Xiang , Zhenfeng Huang , Hanling Mao , Yadong Cao
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140151 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140151
Keywords: bi-stable piezoelectric energy harvesting nonlinear dynamic potential energy
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Abstract

Although the study of oscillatory motion has a long history, going back four centuries, it is still an active subject of scientific research. In this review paper prospective research directions in the field of mechanical vibrations were pointed out. Four groups of important issues in which advanced research is conducted were discussed. The first are energy harvester devices, thanks to which we can obtain or save significant amounts of energy, and thus reduce the amount of greenhouse gases. The next discussed issue helps in the design of structures using vibrations and describes the algorithms that allow to identify and search for optimal parameters for the devices being developed. The next section describes vibration in multi-body systems and modal analysis, which are key to understanding the phenomena in vibrating machines. The last part describes the properties of granulated materials from which modern, intelligent vacuum-packed particles are made. They are used, for example, as intelligent vibration damping devices.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xinxin Li
1
Kexue Huang
1
Zhilin Li
1
Jiangshu Xiang
1
Zhenfeng Huang
1
Hanling Mao
1
Yadong Cao
1
  1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
5 Bandwidth and power enhancement in the MEMS-based piezoelectric energy harvester using magnetic tip mass
Ashutosh Anand , Srikanta Pal , Sudip Kundu
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e137509 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137509
Keywords: vibration piezoelectric energy harvester magnetic tip mass bandwidth stress
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Abstract

In this paper, the performance and frequency bandwidth of the piezoelectric energy harvester (PZEH) is improved by introducing two permanent magnets attached to the proof mass of a dual beam structure. Both magnets are in the vicinity of each other and attached in such a way to proof mass of a dual beam so that they create a magnetic field around each other. The generated magnetic field develops a repulsive force between the magnets, which improves electrical output and enhances the bandwidth of the harvester. The simple rectangular cantilever structure with and without magnetic tip mass has a frequency bandwidth of 4 Hz and 4.5 Hz, respectively. The proposed structure generates a peak voltage of 20 V at a frequency of 114.51 Hz at an excitation acceleration of 1 g (g= 9.8 m/s2 ). The peak output power of a proposed structure is 25.5 µW. The operational frequency range of a proposed dual beam cantilever with a magnetic tip mass of 30 mT is from 102.51 Hz to 120.51 Hz, i.e., 18 Hz. The operational frequency range of a dual beam cantilever without magnetic tip mass is from 104.18 Hz to 118.18 Hz, i.e., 14 Hz. There is an improvement of 22.22% in the frequency bandwidth of the proposed dual beam cantilever with a magnetic tip mass of 30 mT than the dual beam without magnetic tip mass.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ashutosh Anand
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Srikanta Pal
2
Sudip Kundu
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Presidency University Bangalore, India
  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi, India
  3. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Center for Nanomaterials, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, India
6 Application of heuristic methods to identification of the parameters of discrete-continuous models
Dawid Cekus , Paweł Kwiatoń , Michal Šofer , Pavel Šofer
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140150 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140150
Keywords: discrete-continuous model experimental modal analysis optimialization; identification vibrations
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Abstract

The article presents the process of identifying discrete-continuous models with the use of heuristic algorithms. A stepped cantilever beam was used as an example of a discrete-continuous model. The theoretical model was developed based on the formalism of Lagrange multipliers and the Timoshenko theory. Based on experimental research, the theoretical model was validated and the optimization problem was formulated. Optimizations were made for two algorithms: genetic (GA) and particle swarm (PSO). The minimization of the relative error of the obtained experimental and numerical results was used as the objective function. The performed process of identifying the theoretical model can be used to determine the eigenfrequencies of models without the need to conduct experimental tests. The presented methodology regarding the parameter identification of the beams with the variable cross-sectional area (according to the Timosheno theory) with additional discrete components allows us to solve similar problems without the need to exit complex patterns.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dawid Cekus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Kwiatoń
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michal Šofer
2
ORCID: ORCID
Pavel Šofer
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Mechanics and Machine Design Fundamentals, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
  2. Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2127, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
  3. Department of Control Systems and Instrumentation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2127, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
7 Minimizing the number of layers of the quasi one-dimensional phononic structures
Sebastian Garus , Wojciech Sochacki , Mariusz Kubanek , Marcin Nabiałek
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e139394 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139394
Keywords: mechanical waves phononic transfer matrix band gap genetic algorithm
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Abstract

In the work, multi-criteria optimization of phononic structures was performed to minimize the transmission in the frequency range of acoustic waves, eliminate high transmission peaks with a small half-width inside of the band gap, and what was the most important part of the work – to minimize the number of layers in the structure. Two types of the genetic algorithm were compared in the study. The first one was characterized by a constant number of layers (GACL) of the phononic structure of each individual in each population. Then, the algorithm was run for a different number of layers, as a result of which the structures with the best value of the objective function were determined. In the second version of the algorithm, individuals in populations had a variable number of layers (GAVL) which required a different type of target function and crossover procedure. The transmission for quasi-one-dimensional phononic structures was determined with the use of the transfer matrix method algorithm. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the developed GAVL algorithm with an appropriately selected objective function achieved optimal solutions in a much smaller number of iterations than the GACL algorithm, and the value of the k parameter below 1 leads to faster achievement of the optimal structure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Garus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Sochacki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mariusz Kubanek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Nabiałek
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Mechanics and Fundamentals of Machinery Design, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dąbrowskiego 73, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
  2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Dąbrowskiego 73, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
  3. Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 19, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
8 Preliminary modelling methodology of a coupled payload-vessel system for offshore lifts of light and heavyweight objects
Anna Mackojć , Bogumil Chiliński
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e139003 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139003
Keywords: offshore lifting modelling coupled payload-vessel model payload pendulation
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Abstract

This paper presents the concept of the modelling methodology of a payload-vessel system allowing for a comprehensive investigation of mutual interactions of the system dynamics for lifting in the air. The proposed model consists of six degrees of freedom (6-DoF) vessel and three degrees of freedom (3-DoF) lifting model that can replace the industrial practice based on a simplified approach adopted for light lifts. Utilising the response amplitude operators (RAOs) processing methodology provides the ability to incorporate the excitation functions at the vessel crane tip as a kinematic and analyse a wide spectrum of lifted object weights on a basis of regular wave excitation. The analytical model is presented in detail and its solution in a form of numerical simulation results are provided and discussed within the article. The proposed model exposes the disadvantages of the models encountered in engineering practice and literature and proposes a novel approach enabling efficient studies addressing a lack of access to reliable modelling tools in terms of coupled models for offshore lifting operations planning..
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Mackojć
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bogumil Chiliński
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Machine Design Fundamentals, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
9 Adaptive crash energy absorber based on a granular jamming mechanism
Piotr Bartkowski , Hubert Bukowiecki , Franciszek Gawiński , Robert Zalewski
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e139002 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139002
Keywords: granular jamming smart structures crash energy absorption
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Abstract

The following discussion concerns the use of innovative smart materials called vacuum-packed particles (VPPs) as active energy absorbers. VPP, also known as a granular jamming system, is a structure composed of granular media contained within an elastomer coating. By changing the vacuum pressure inside the coating, it is possible to control the mechanical properties of the structure. VPPs have many applications, e.g. in medicine, robotics, and vibration damping. No attempts have yet been made to use VPPs to absorb the energy of a collision, although, given their properties, this could very well be an interesting application. In the first part of the paper, the general concept of the absorber is presented. Then a prototype and the empirical tests conducted are precisely described. The middle part of the paper considers the basic properties of VPP and modeling methodology. A proposal for a constitutive equation is presented, and a numerical simulation using LS-Dyna was performed. In the final section, the concept of a smart parking post is presented..
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Bartkowski
1
Hubert Bukowiecki
1
Franciszek Gawiński
1
Robert Zalewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, Poland
10 Possibilities of vacuum packed particles application in blast mitigation seats in military armored vehicles
Dominik Rodak , Mateusz Żurawski , Michał Gmitrzuk , Lech Starczewski
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e138238 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138238
Keywords: blast mitigation seat STANAG 4569 drop-test vacuum packed particles
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Abstract

Blast mitigation continues to be a popular field of research when military vehicles are concerned. The main problem is coping with the vehicle global motion consequences following an explosion. The paper presents a potential application of the linear vacuum packed particle (VPP) damper as a supplementation for a viscous shock absorber in a traditional blast mitigation seat design. The paper also presents field test results for the underbelly blast explosion, comparing them to the laboratory tests carried out on the impact bench. To collect accelerations, the anthropomorphic test device, i.e. the Hybrid III dummy, was used. A set of numerical simulations of the modified blast mitigation seat with the additional VPP linear damper were revealed. The VPP damper was modeled according to the Johnson–Cook model of viscoplasticity. The Hertzian contact theory was adopted to model the contact between the vehicle and the ground. The reduction of the dynamic response index (DRI) in the case of the VPP damper application was also proved.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dominik Rodak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mateusz Żurawski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Gmitrzuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Lech Starczewski
2
  1. Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
  2. Military Institute of Armoured and Automotive Technology, Poland
11 Investigations on an influence of the material properties on vibrations of active rocker-bogie suspension
Krzysztof Sokół , Maciej Pierzgalski
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e138239 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138239
Keywords: frequency analysis suspension rover mobile platform computational mechanics
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Abstract

Unmanned vehicles are often used in everyday life, mostly by rescue teams or scientists exploring new terrains. In those constructions, the suspension has constant dimensions, which leads to many disadvantages and limits the application area. The solution to these problems can be creating a six-wheeled mobile platform that can dynamically change the wheelbase in relation to the area of action or terrain inclination angle. The active change in location of the center of gravity gives a possibility to access sloppy obstacles not available with classical suspensions. The main scope of this study is to investigate the influence of material properties on vibration frequency at different lengths of suspension members. The obtained results will allow finding the optimum material for producing a prototype unit.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Sokół
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Pierzgalski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Mechanic and Machine Design Foundations, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
12 Optimal tuning procedure for FOPID controller of integrated industrial processes with deadtime
R. Anuja , T.S. Sivarani , M. Germin Nisha
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e139954 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139954
Keywords: industrial process integrated with dead time tuning of FOPID whale optimization algorithm
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Abstract

Industrial processes such as batch distillation columns, supply chain, level control etc. integrate dead times in the wake of the transportation times associated with energy, mass and information. The dead time, the cause for the rise in loop variability, also results from the process time and accumulation of time lags. These delays make the system control poor in its asymptotic stability, i.e. its lack of self-regulating savvy. The haste of the controller’s reaction to disturbances and congruence with the design specifications are largely influenced by the dead time; hence it exhorts a heed. This article is aimed at answering the following question: “How can a fractional order proportional integral derivative controller (FOPIDC) be tuned to become a perfect dead time compensator apposite to the dead time integrated industrial process?” The traditional feedback controllers and their tuning methods do not offer adequate resiliency for the controller to combat out the dead time. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA), which is a nascent (2016 developed) swarm-based meta-heuristic algorithm impersonating the hunting maneuver of a humpback whale, is employed in this paper for tuning the FOPIDC. A comprehensive study is performed and the design is corroborated in the MATLAB/Simulink platform using the FOMCON toolbox. The triumph of the WOA tuning is demonstrated through the critical result comparison of WOA tuning with Bat and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm-based tuning methods. Bode plot based stability analysis and the time domain specification based transient analysis are the main study methodologies used.
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Authors and Affiliations

R. Anuja
1
T.S. Sivarani
1
M. Germin Nisha
2
  1. Arunachala College of Engineering For Women, India
  2. St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering, India
13 Execution time prediction model for parallel GPU realizations of discrete transforms computation algorithms
Dariusz Puchala , Kamil Stokfiszewski , Kamil Wieloch
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e139393 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139393
Keywords: graphics processing unit (GPU) execution time prediction model discrete wavelet transform (DWT) lattice structure convolution-based approach orthogonal transform orthogonal filter banks time effectiveness; prediction accuracy
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Abstract

Parallel realizations of discrete transforms (DTs) computation algorithms (DTCAs) performed on graphics processing units (GPUs) play a significant role in many modern data processing methods utilized in numerous areas of human activity. In this paper the authors propose a novel execution time prediction model, which allows for accurate and rapid estimation of execution times of various kinds of structurally different DTCAs performed on GPUs of distinct architectures, without the necessity of conducting the actual experiments on physical hardware. The model can serve as a guide for the system analyst in making the optimal choice of the GPU hardware solution for a given computational task involving particular DT calculation, or can help in choosing the best appropriate parallel implementation of the selected DT, given the limitations imposed by available hardware. Restricting the model to exhaustively adhere only to the key common features of DTCAs enables the authors to significantly simplify its structure, leading consequently to its design as a hybrid, analytically–simulational method, exploiting jointly the main advantages of both of the mentioned techniques, namely: time-effectiveness and high prediction accuracy, while, at the same time, causing mutual elimination of the major weaknesses of both of the specified approaches within the proposed solution. The model is validated experimentally on two structurally different parallel methods of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) computation, i.e. the direct convolutionbased and lattice structure-based schemes, by comparing its prediction results with the actual measurements taken for 6 different graphics cards, representing a fairly broad spectrum of GPUs compute architectures. Experimental results reveal the overall average execution time and prediction accuracy of the model to be at a level of 97.2%, with global maximum prediction error of 14.5%, recorded throughout all the conducted experiments, maintaining at the same time high average evaluation speed of 3.5 ms for single simulation duration. The results facilitate inferring the model generality and possibility of extrapolation to other DTCAs and different GPU architectures, which along with the proposed model straightforwardness, time-effectiveness and ease of practical application, makes it, in the authors’ opinion, a very interesting alternative to the related existing solutions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Puchala
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kamil Stokfiszewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kamil Wieloch
1
  1. Institute of Information Technology, Łódź University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 215, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
14 Tuning PID and PI-PI servo controllers by multiple pole placement
Andrzej Bożek , Leszek Trybus
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e139957 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139957
Keywords: servomechanism double integrator pole placement PID controller discrete-time control
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Abstract

Tuning rules for PID and PI-PI servo controllers are developed using a pole placement approach with a multiple pole, i.e. a triple one in the case of PID and a quadruple for PI-PI. The controllers involve complex roots in the numerators of the transfer functions. This is not possible in the classical P-PI structure which admits real roots only. The settling time of the servos determined by the multiple time constant is the only design parameter. Nomograms to read out discrete controller settings in terms of the time constant and control cycle are given. As compared to the classical structures, the upper limit on the control cycle is now twice longer in the case of PID, and four times in the case of PI-PI. This implies that the settling times can be shortened by the same ratios. Responses of a PLC-controlled servo confirm the validity of the design.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Bożek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Leszek Trybus
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Computer and Control Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, W. Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
15 Positivity and cyclicity of descriptor electrical circuits with chain structure
Tadeusz Kaczorek , Kamil Borawski
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e139955 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139955
Keywords: cyclic matrix descriptor positive electrical circuit fractional Metzler matrix
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Abstract

The positivity and cyclicity of descriptor linear electrical circuits with chain structure is considered. Two classes of descriptor linear electrical circuits are analyzed. Some new properties of these classes of electrical circuits are established. The results are extended to fractional descriptor linear electrical circuits.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Kaczorek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kamil Borawski
1
  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, ul. Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
16 Solar photovoltaic interconnected ZSI-unified power quality conditioner to enhance power
A. Raja , M. Vijayakumar , C. Karthikeyan
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140015 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.140015
Keywords: Z-source inverter photovoltaic power quality unified power quality conditioner total harmonic distortion
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Abstract

In order to ensure that all the connected Equipment in the distribution network operates smoothly, the voltage stability of photovoltaic (PV) integrated distribution systems is very important. Sustaining the voltage profile when integrating PV is a particularly difficult issue. The primary goal of this article is to provide a consistent voltage profile to a sensitive load. A three-phase PV integrated distribution system has been chosen for investigation. An innovative feature of this system is that UPQC DVR and STATCOM systems are powered by Z-source inverters instead of traditional inverters. The ability to actively decouple power is the primary benefit of utilizing a Z-source inverter. The objective of the study effort is to use this new UPQC to synchronize a solar PV system with the distribution system. For the UPQC with battery energy storage system (BESS), the research study examines and develops the most appropriate control approach. A UPQC is a device that is used to integrate solar panels and improve the voltage stability of the distribution system. The prototype model is being developed, and the experimental findings confirm the main objective.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Raja
1
M. Vijayakumar
2
C. Karthikeyan
3
  1. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, SSM College of Engineering, Kumarapalayam, Namakkal – 638 183, Tamilnadu, India
  2. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, Namakkal-637 215, Tamilnadu, India
  3. Electrical Department, Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Ltd., Erode – 638009, Tamilnadu, India
17 Economic based evaluation of DGs in capacitor allocated optimal distribution network
G. Srinivasan , K. Amaresh , Kumar Reddy Cheepathi
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e139053 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.139053
Keywords: ISSOT-WF capacitor placement and sizing feeder reconfiguration dispersed generation electrical distribution network additional power loss reduction
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Abstract

Feeder reconfiguration (FR), capacitor placement and sizing (CPS) are the two renowned methods widely applied by the researchers for loss minimization with node voltage enrichment in the electrical distribution network (EDN), which has an immense impact on economic savings. In recent years, optimization of FR and CPS together can proficiently yield better power loss minimization and save costs compared to the individual optimization of FR and CPS. This work proposes an application of an improved salp swarm optimization technique based on weight factor (ISSOT-WF) to solve the cost-based objective function using CPS with and without FR for five different cases and three load levels, subject to satisfying operating constraints. In addition, to ascertain the impact of real power injection on additional power loss reduction, this work considers the integration of dispersed generation units at three optimal locations in capacitive compensated optimal EDN. The effectiveness of ISSOT-WF has been demonstrated on the standard PG&E-69 bus system and the outcomes of the 69-bus test case have been validated by comparing with other competing algorithms. Using FR and CPS at three optimal nodes and due to power loss reduction, cost-saving reached up to a maximum of 71%, and a maximum APLR of 26% was achieved after the installation of DGs at three optimal locations with the significant improvement in the bus voltage profile.
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Authors and Affiliations

G. Srinivasan
ORCID: ORCID
K. Amaresh
1
Kumar Reddy Cheepathi
1
  1. Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, KSRM College of Engineering, Yerramasupalli, Kadappa – 516003, Andhra Pradesh, India
18 System efficiency for AC vs. DC distribution paradigms: a comparative evaluation
Hasan Erteza Gelani , Sidra Khan , Faizan Dastgeer , Zeba Idrees , Muhammad Waqas Afzal , Mashood Nasir
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e139956 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139956
Keywords: ac vs. dc dc distribution efficiency analysis residential loads
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Abstract

The birth of electricity witnessed “the battle of currents” between AC and DC as a medium of power transfer. AC won the battle in the first place because of its ability to transform voltage levels. However, with the development of power electronic converters (PECs), DC is striking back. Most of the electronic loads in our conventional AC-based homes are DC by nature. Moreover, the modern concept of energy-efficient variable speed drive (VSD) based loads, i.e. DC-inverter based air-conditioners and refrigerators, require a DC link for their operation. The driving component of all such loads is the PEC. The operational efficiency of PECs depends on the loading which varies throughout the day. This paper presents a mathematical model based on a bottom-up approach to the comparative efficiency analysis of AC and DC distribution systems considering daily load variation. Two topologies are presented where AC and DC distribution systems are compared in terms of efficiency. The first topology (T1) defines a separate/independent converter for each load, whereas in the second topology (T2) loads of a particular class are lumped and driven by a single converter. The results present DC distribution better than AC distribution with an efficiency advantage of 2.28% and 1.57% for T1 and T2, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hasan Erteza Gelani
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sidra Khan
2
Faizan Dastgeer
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zeba Idrees
1 3
Muhammad Waqas Afzal
1 2
Mashood Nasir
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Electrical Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan
  2. Electrical Engineering Department, COMSATS Lahore, Pakistan
  3. School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  4. Energy Technology Department, Aalborg University, Denmark
19 Influence of the stator current reconstruction method on direct torque control of induction motor drive in current sensor postfault operation
Michal Adamczyk , Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140099 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140099
Keywords: current sensor faults induction motor drive direct torque control current estimator fault-tolerant control
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Abstract

Modern induction motor (IM) drives with a higher degree of safety should be equipped with fault-tolerant control (FTC) solutions. Current sensor (CS) failures constitute a serious problem in systems using vector control strategies for IMs because these methods require state variable reconstruction, which is usually based on the IM mathematical model and stator current measurement. This article presents an analysis of the operation of the direct torque control (DTC) for IM drive with stator current reconstruction after CSs damage. These reconstructed currents are used for the stator flux and electromagnetic torque estimation in the DTC with space-vector-modulation (SVM) drive. In this research complete damage to both stator CSs is assumed, and the stator current vector components in the postfault mode are reconstructed based on the DC link voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI) and angular rotor speed measurements using the so-called virtual current sensor (VCS), based on the IM mathematical model. Numerous simulation and experimental tests results illustrate the behavior of the drive system in different operating conditions. The correctness of the stator current reconstruction is also analyzed taking into account motor parameter uncertainties, especially stator and rotor resistances, which usually are the main parameters that determine the proper operation of the stator flux and torque estimation in the DTC control structure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michal Adamczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Electrical Machines, Drives and Measurements, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, ul. Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
20 Power quality management in electrical grid using SCANN controller-based UPQC
Varadharajan Balaji , Subramanian Chitra
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140257 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140257
Keywords: SCANN UPQC total harmonic distortion particle swarm optimization
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Abstract

The electrical grid integration takes great attention because of the increasing population in the nonlinear load connected to the power distribution system. This manuscript deals with the power quality issues and mitigations associated with the electrical grid. The proposed single comprehensive artificial neural network (SCANN) controller with unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is modelled in MATLAB Simulink environment. It provides series and shunt compensation that helps mitigate voltage and current distortion at the end of the distribution system. Initially, four proportional integral (PI) controllers are used to control the UPQC. Later the trained SCANN controller replaces four PI Controllers for better control action. PI and SCANN controllers’ simulation results are compared to find the optimal solutions. A prototype model of SCANN controller is constructed and tested. The test results show that the SCANN based UPQC maintains grid voltage and current magnitude within permissible limits under fluctuating conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Varadharajan Balaji
1
Subramanian Chitra
2
  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu – 641049, India and Research Scholar (Electrical), Anna University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu – 641049, India
21 Hybrid parametric islanding detection technique for microgrid system
S. Jayanthi , S. Arockia Edwin Xavier , P.S. Manoharan
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140101 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140101
Keywords: distribution generation ESPRIT microgrid battery energy storage system islanding
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Abstract

In microgrid distribution generation (DG) sources are integrated parallelly for the economic and efficient operation of a power system. This integration of DG sources may cause many challenges in a microgrid. The islanding condition is termed a condition in which the DG sources in the microgrid continue to power the load even when the grid is cut off. This islanding situation must be identified as soon as possible to avoid the collapse of the microgrid. This work presents the hybrid islanding detection technique. This technique consists of both active and parametric estimation methods such as slip mode shift frequency (SMS) and exact signal parametric rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), respectively. This technique will easily distinguish between islanding and non-islanding events even under very low power perturbations. The proposed method also has no power quality impact. The proposed method is tested with UL741 standard test conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Jayanthi
1
S. Arockia Edwin Xavier
2
ORCID: ORCID
P.S. Manoharan
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Periyanahali, Dharmapuri, India
  2. Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, India
22 Deep networks for image super-resolution using hierarchical features
Xin Yang , Yifan Zhang , Dake Zhou
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e139616 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139616
Keywords: super-resolution convolutional neural network sub-pixel convolutional neural network densely connected neural networks
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Abstract

To better extract feature maps from low-resolution (LR) images and recover high-frequency information in the high-resolution (HR) images in image super-resolution (SR), we propose in this paper a new SR algorithm based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). The network structure is composed of the feature extraction part and the reconstruction part. The extraction network extracts the feature maps of LR images and uses the sub-pixel convolutional neural network as the up-sampling operator. Skip connection, densely connected neural networks and feature map fusion are used to extract information from hierarchical feature maps at the end of the network, which can effectively reduce the dimension of the feature maps. In the reconstruction network, we add a 3×3 convolution layer based on the original sub-pixel convolution layer, which can allow the reconstruction network to have better nonlinear mapping ability. The experiments show that the algorithm results in a significant improvement in PSNR, SSIM, and human visual effects as compared with some state-of-the-art algorithms based on deep learning.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xin Yang
1
Yifan Zhang
1
Dake Zhou
1
  1. College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 210016 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
23 Performance of artificial neural networks in an inverse problem of laser beam diagnostics
Karol Pietrak , Radosław Muszyński , Adam Marek , Piotr Łapka
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140100 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140100
Keywords: inverse problems pattern recognition laser beams
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Abstract

The presented results are for the numerical verification of a method devised to identify an unknown spatio-temporal distribution of heat flux that occurs at the surface of a thin aluminum plate, as a result of pulsed laser beam excitation. The presented identification of boundary heat flux function is a part of the newly proposed laser beam profiling method and utilizes artificial neural networks trained on temperature distributions generated with the ANSYS Fluent solver. The paper focuses on the selection of the most effective neural network hyperparameters and compares the results of neural network identification with the Levenberg–Marquardt method used earlier and discussed in previous articles. For the levels of noise measured in physical experiments (0.25–0.5 K), the accuracy of the current parameter estimation method is between 5 and 10%. Design changes that may increase its accuracy are thoroughly discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karol Pietrak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Radosław Muszyński
1
Adam Marek
1
Piotr Łapka
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Nowowiejska 24, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
24 The automatic focus segmentation of multi-focus image fusion
K. Hawari , Ismail Ismail
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140352 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140352
Keywords: deep learning ResNet50 multifocus image fusion
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Abstract

Multi-focus image fusion is a method of increasing the image quality and preventing image redundancy. It is utilized in many fields such as medical diagnostic, surveillance, and remote sensing. There are various algorithms available nowadays. However, a common problem is still there, i.e. the method is not sufficient to handle the ghost effect and unpredicted noises. Computational intelligence has developed quickly over recent decades, followed by the rapid development of multi-focus image fusion. The proposed method is multi-focus image fusion based on an automatic encoder-decoder algorithm. It uses deeplabV3+ architecture. During the training process, it uses a multi-focus dataset and ground truth. Then, the model of the network is constructed through the training process. This model was adopted in the testing process of sets to predict the focus map. The testing process is semantic focus processing. Lastly, the fusion process involves a focus map and multi-focus images to configure the fused image. The results show that the fused images do not contain any ghost effects or any unpredicted tiny objects. The assessment metric of the proposed method uses two aspects. The first is the accuracy of predicting a focus map, the second is an objective assessment of the fused image such as mutual information, SSIM, and PSNR indexes. They show a high score of precision and recall. In addition, the indexes of SSIM, PSNR, and mutual information are high. The proposed method also has more stable performance compared with other methods. Finally, the Resnet50 model algorithm in multi-focus image fusion can handle the ghost effect problem well.
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Authors and Affiliations

K. Hawari
1
Ismail Ismail
1 2
  1. Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
  2. Politeknik Negeri Padang, Electrical Engineering Department, 25162, Padang, Indonesia
25 Investigating the FSW parameter’s role on microstructure and mechanical properties of welding AZ31B–AA8110 alloy
S. Dharmalingam , K. Lenin , D. Srinivasan
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140098 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140098
Keywords: AA8011–AZ31B alloy FSW ANN-GA and mechanical properties
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Abstract

The influence of friction stir welding (FSW) in automotive applications is significantly high in recent days as it can boast beneficial factors such as less distortion, minimized residual stresses and enhanced mechanical properties. Since there is no emission of harmful gases, it is regarded as a green technology, which has an energy efficient clean environmental solid-state welding process. In this research work, the FSW technique is employed to weld the AA8011–AZ31B alloy. In addition, the L16 orthogonal array is employed to conduct the experiments. The influences of parameters on the factors such as microstructure, hardness and tensile strength are determined. Microstructure images have shown tunnel formation at low rotational speed and vortex occurrence at high rotational speed. To attain high quality welding, the process parameters are optimized by using a hybrid method called an artificial neural network based genetic algorithm (ANN-GA). The confirmation tests are carried out under optimal welding conditions. The results obtained are highly reliable, which exhibits the optimal features of the hybrid method.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Dharmalingam
1
K. Lenin
2
D. Srinivasan
2
  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, OASYS Institute of Technology, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India
26 Computational intelligence in development of 3D printing and reverse engineering
Izabela Rojek , Dariusz Mikołajewski , Joanna Nowak , Zbigniew Szczepański , Marek Macko
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140016 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.140016
Keywords: additive manufacturing three-dimensional printing computational intelligence optimization
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Abstract

Computational intelligence (CI) can adopt/optimize important principles in the workflow of 3D printing. This article aims to examine to what extent the current possibilities for using CI in the development of 3D printing and reverse engineering are being used, and where there are still reserves in this area. Methodology: A literature review is followed by own research on CI-based solutions. Results: Two ANNs solving the most common problems are presented. Conclusions: CI can effectively support 3D printing and reverse engineering especially during the transition to Industry 4.0. Wider implementation of CI solutions can accelerate and integrate the development of innovative technologies based on 3D scanning, 3D printing, and reverse engineering. Analyzing data, gathering experience, and transforming it into knowledge can be done faster and more efficiently, but requires a conscious application and proper targeting.
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Authors and Affiliations

Izabela Rojek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Mikołajewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Nowak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Zbigniew Szczepański
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Macko
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Computer Science, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
  2. Faculty of Mechatronics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
27 The gyrotron for DNP-NMR spectroscopy: A review
Kacper Nowak
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140354 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140354
Keywords: DNP-NMR spectroscopy gyrotron stability gyrotron tuning
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Abstract

This paper outlines the principle of the DNP-NMR technique. The gyrotron, as a very promising microwave source for NMR spectroscopy, is evaluated. Four factors: power stability, power tuning, frequency stability, and frequency tuning determine the usability of the gyrotron device. The causes of instabilities, as well as the methods of overcoming limitations and extending usability are explained with reference to the theory, the numerical and experimental results reported by gyrotron groups.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kacper Nowak
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, ul. Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
28 Mechanisms of electrical conductivity, quantum capacity and negative capacitance effects in InSe nanohybrid
Fedir Ivashchyshyn , Vitaliy Maksymych , Dariusz Calus , Myroslava Klapchuk , Glib Baryshnikov , Rostislav Galagan , Valentina Litvin , Piotr Chabecki , Ihor Bordun
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e139958 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.139958
Keywords: InSe intercalation hierarchical structures impedance spectroscopy density of states negative capacity
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Abstract

In this work, we present findings on the syntheses and study of properties of InSe<PTHQ> nanohybrid. The introduction of guest component in GaSe matrix leads to an increase in inhomogeneities, which is clearly confirmed by the strengthening of the low-frequency horizontal branch of Nyquist diagrams. A constant magnetic field counteracts this effect and changes the behavior of the impedance hodograph at low frequencies to the opposite. Illumination leads to a colossal increase in quantum capacitance, which is clearly demonstrated in the Nyquist diagram. For the synthesized InSe<PTHQ> nanohybrid the interesting behavior of the current-voltage characteristic is reported. As a result of studies of the synthesized InSe<PTHQ> nanohybrid the effect of “negative capacity” is observed, the magnitude of which can be controlled by the electric field. Based on the constructed impedance model and proposed N-barrier model, the physical mechanisms of the investigated processes are suggested.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fedir Ivashchyshyn
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vitaliy Maksymych
2
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Calus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Myroslava Klapchuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Glib Baryshnikov
3
ORCID: ORCID
Rostislav Galagan
3
ORCID: ORCID
Valentina Litvin
3
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Chabecki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ihor Bordun
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 17, Czestochowa, 42-200, Poland
  2. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bandera Str. 12, Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
  3. Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University, blvd. Shevchnko 81, 18031, Cherkasy, Ukraine
29 The effect of selected nanoparticles on rheological properties of human blood
Urszula Michalczuk , Rafał Przekop , Arkadiusz Moskal
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 1 | e140437 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.140437
Keywords: blood nanoparticles non-Newtonian rheology
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of selected nanoparticles, namely diesel exhaust particles, Arizona test dust, silver and gold on the rheology of human blood. The rheological properties of human blood were determined with the use of a modular rheometer, at two various temperatures, namely 36.6◦C and 40◦C. Experimental results were used to calculate the constants in blood constitutive equations. The considered models were power-law, Casson and Cross ones. The obtained results demonstrate that the presence of different nanoparticles in the blood may have different effect on its apparent viscosity depending on the type of particles and shear rate.
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Authors and Affiliations

Urszula Michalczuk
1
Rafał Przekop
1
Arkadiusz Moskal
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, ul. Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland

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