Abstrakt
In this article various conceptions of memory are discussed. The old theory of the memory build-up divides memory in three partially independent, but also interacting types: ultrashorttime memory, shorttime memory and longtime memory. In the ultrashorttime and shorttime memory information is analysed very briefly, only the longtime memory enables the learner to memorize the information pennanently. Despite of its permanent memorization not each encoded piece of information can be recalled. The possibility of such a recall depends on the quality of information encoding. Distinctively and elaboratively encoded information (among them the lexical one) is retrieved in the consciousness with the help of many Retrieval-Cues. Unrelated information and therefore missing Retrieval-Cues make the recall much more difficult. The other theory of the memory build-up presumes that it is based on multimodal mental processes. According to this theory there are many mental systems, where the same information is encoded (visual-imaginary, semantic-lexical and sensory-kinetic mental systems). In these interacting systems the words have not only the semantic-lexical representation but also visual, emotional, kinetical, grammatical, orthographical and phonological ones. The semantic-lexical structures of memory are very complex too, because they consists of many semantic relations among lexical items such as lexical fields, word families, synonyms etc. Therefore it is clear that the creation of the representation of lexical items in possible many mental systems assures their quick recall, but demands from the foreign language learner a great cognitive effort at the same time.
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