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Polish Polar Research

Polish Polar Research

Description

The quarterly Polish Polar Research edited by the Committee on Polar Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences is an international journal publishing original research articles presenting the results of studies carried out in polar regions.

All papers are peer-reviewed and published in English.

The Editorial Advisory Board includes renowned scientist from Poland and from abroad.

Polish Polar Research is indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded, Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, Cold Regions Bibliography, Antarctic Literature, Geological Abstracts, Polish Scientific Journals Contents - Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Quarterly Review, and Zoological Record.




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Polish Polar Research is an open-access journal in which archive issues are freely accessible and articles are published at no cost to authors.

ISSN
ISSN 0138-0338, eISSN 2081-8262
Publishers
Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee on Polar Research
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Content

Polish Polar Research | 2016 | vol. 37 | No 1 |

1 Ground temperature changes on the Kaffiøyra Plain (Spitsbergen) in the summer seasons, 1975–2014
Andrzej Araźny , Rajmund Przybylak , Marek Kejna
Polish Polar Research | 2016 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 1-21 | DOI: 10.1515/popore−2016−0004
Keywords: Arctic Spitsbergen Kaffiøyra ground temperature multi−annual variability atmospheric circulation
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Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the results of research on changes in ground temperature down to 50 cm depth, on the Kaffiøyra Plain, Spitsbergen in the summer seasons. To achieve this, measurement data were analysed from three different ecotopes (CALM Site P2A, P2B and P2C) – a beach, a moraine and tundra – collected during 22 polar expeditions between 1975 and 2014. To ensure comparability, data sets for the common period from 21 July to 31 August (referred to as the “summer season” further in the text) were analysed. The greatest influence on temperature across the investigated ground layers comes from air temperature (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.61 to 0.84). For the purpose of the analysis of the changes in ground temperature in the years 1975–2014, missing data for certain summer seasons were reconstructed on the basis of similar data from a meteorological station at Ny-Ålesund. The ground temperature at the Beach site demonstrated a statistically−significant growing trend: at depths from 1 to 10 cm the temperature increased by 0.27–0.28 ° C per decade, and from 20 to 50 cm by as much as 0.30 ° C per decade. On the Kaffiøyra Plain, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has a greater influence on the ground an d air temperature than the Arctic Oscillation (AO).
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Araźny
Rajmund Przybylak
Marek Kejna
2 Sedimentary environment, lithostratigraphy and dating of sediment sequences from Arctic lakes Revvatnet and Svartvatnet in Hornsund, Svalbard
Marek Zajączkowski , Antti E.K. Ojala , Laura Arppe , Tomi P. Luoto , Lukas Wacker , Eija Kurki , Joanna Pawłowska , Mateusz Damrat , Mimmi Oksman
Polish Polar Research | 2016 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 23-48 | DOI: 10.1515/popore−2016−0005
Keywords: Arctic Svalbard Hornsun Revvatnet Svartvatnetd sediment stratigraphy Holocene
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Abstract

The sedimentary environment, sediment characteristics and age−depth models of sediment sequences from Arctic lakes Revvatnet and Svartvatnet, located near the Polish Polar Station in Hornsund, southern Svalbard (77 ° N), were studied with a view to establishing a basis for paleolimnological climate and environmental reconstructions. The results indicate that catchment−to−lake hydroclimatic processes probably affect the transportation, distribution and accumulation of sediments in different parts of lakes Revvatnet and Svartvatnet. Locations with continuous and essentially stable sedimentary environments were found in both lakes between water depths of 9 and 26 m. We used several different dating techniques, including 137 Cs, 210 Pb, AMS 14 C, and paleomagnetic dating, to provide accurate and secured sediment chronologies. A recovered sequence from the northern basin of Revvatnet spans more than one thousand years long with laminated stratigraphy in the upper part of the sediment. Based on AMS 14 C dates, it is possible to suppose that Revvatnet basin was not occupied by a valley glacier during the Little Ice Age. The dates were supported by 137 Cs chronologies, but not confirmed with other independent dating methods that extent beyond the last 50 years. A sedimentary sequence from the northern basin of Svartvatnet provides a potential archive for the study of climate and environmental change for the last ca. 5000 years. Based on the stratigraphy and a Bayesian age−depth model of AMS 14 C and paleosecular variation (PSV) dates, the recovered sediment sections represent a continuous and stable sedimentation for the latter half of the Holocene.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Zajączkowski
Antti E.K. Ojala
Laura Arppe
Tomi P. Luoto
Lukas Wacker
Eija Kurki
Joanna Pawłowska
Mateusz Damrat
Mimmi Oksman
3 Organic carbon and nutrients (N, P) in surface soil horizons in a non-glaciated catchment, SW Spitsbergen
Wojciech Szymański , Bronisław Wojtuń , Mateusz Stolarczyk , Janusz Siwek , Joanna Waścińska
Polish Polar Research | 2016 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 49-66 | DOI: 10.1515/popore−2016−0006
Keywords: Arctic Svalbard soil organic carbon nitrogen phosphorus Cryosols
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Abstract

Organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the soils of the High Arctic play an important role in the context of global warming, biodiversity, and richness of tundra vegetation. The main aim of the present study was to determine the content and spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N tot ), and total phosphorus (P tot ) in the surface horizons of Arctic soils obtained from the lower part of the Fuglebekken catchment in Spitsbergen as an example of a small non−glaciated catchment representing uplifted marine terraces of the Svalbard Archipelago. The obtained results indicate that surface soil horizons in the Fuglebekken catchment show considerable differences in content of SOC, N tot , and P tot . This mosaic is related to high variability of soil type, local hydrology, vegetation (type and quantity), and especially location of seabird nesting colony. The highest content of SOC, N tot , and P tot occurs in soil surface horizons obtained from sites fertilized by seabird guano and located along streams flowing from the direction of the seabird colony. The content of SOC, N tot , and P tot is strongly negatively correlated with distance from seabird colony indicating a strong influence of the birds on the fertility of the studied soils and indirectly on the accumulation of soil organic matter. The lowest content of SOC, N tot , and P tot occurs in soil surface horizons obtained from the lateral moraine of the Hansbreen glacier and from sites in the close vicinity of the lateral moraine. The content of N tot ,P tot , and SOC in soil surface horizons are strongly and positively correlated with one another, i.e. the higher the content of nutrients, the higher the content of SOC. The spatial distribution of SOC, N tot , and P tot in soils of the Hornsund area in SW Spitsbergen reflects the combined effects of severe climate conditions and periglacial processes. Seabirds play a crucial role in nutrient enrichment in these weakly developed soils.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Szymański
Bronisław Wojtuń
Mateusz Stolarczyk
Janusz Siwek
Joanna Waścińska
4 Comparison of acoustical and optical zooplankton measurements using an acoustic scattering model: A case study from the Arctic frontal zone
Joanna Szczucka , Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk , Emilia Trudnowska , Łukasz Hoppe
Polish Polar Research | 2016 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 67-88 | DOI: 10.1515/popore−2016−0008
Keywords: Arctic Svalbard zooplankton high−frequency echosounding sound scattering model
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Abstract

High−frequency acoustic measurements supplemented by a modern optical method, Laser Optical Plankton Counter (LOPC), allowed us to perform a comparative analysis through the application of a mathematical model. We have studied the correspondence between measured and modelled echoes from zooplankton aggregations consisted mainly of two Calanus species. Data were collected from the upper 50 m water layer within the hydrographical frontal zone on the West Spitsbergen Shelf. The application of a “high− −pass” model of sound scattering by fluid−like particles to the distribution of zooplankton sizes measured by LOPC resulted mostly in very good agreement between the measured (420 kHz BioSonics) and modelled values, except for cases with very low zooplankton abundance or with occurrence of stronger scatterers ( e.g. macrozooplankton, fish). An acoustic model validated for the elastic parameters of zooplankton confirmed that particles smaller than 1 mm in diameter, although highly abundant, did not contribute significantly to the sound scattering process at a frequency of 420 kHz. The implementation of diverse complementary methods has great potential to obtain high spatial and temporal resolution in zooplankton distribution studies; however, their compatibility has to be tested first.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Szczucka
Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk
Emilia Trudnowska
Łukasz Hoppe
5 Imported anthropogenic bacteria may survive the Antarctic winter and introduce new genes into local bacterial communities
Kristian Brat , Ivo Sedlacek , Alena Sevcikova , Zdenek Merta , Kamil Laska , Pavel Sevcik
Polish Polar Research | 2016 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 89-104 | DOI: 10.1515/popore−2016−0001
Keywords: Antarctic Mendel Station antropophilic bacteria biological invasions spaceflight medicine
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Abstract

We studied dynamic changes in anthropogenic bacterial communities at a summer−operated Czech research base (the Mendel Research Station) in the Antarctic during 2012 and 2013. We observed an increase in total numbers of detected bacteria between the beginning and the end of each stay in the Antarctic. In the first series of samples, bacteria of Bacillus sp. predominated. Surprisingly, high numbers of Gram−positive cocci and coli − forms were found (including opportunistic human pathogens), although the conditions for bacterial life were unfavourable (Antarctic winter). In the second series of samples, coliforms and Gram−positive cocci predominated. Dangerous human pathogens were also detected. Yersinia enterocolitica was identified as serotype O:9. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed medium−to−high resistance rates to ampicillin, cefalotin, cefuroxime, amoxicillin−clavulanate and gentamicin in Enterobacteriaceae. 16S rRNA sequencing showed high rates of accordance between nucleotide sequences among the tested strains. Three conclusions were drawn: (1) Number of anthropogenic bacteria were able to survive the harsh conditions of the Antarctic winter (inside and outside the polar station). Under certain circumstances ( e.g. impaired immunity), the surviving bacteria might pose a health risk to the participants of future expeditions or to other visitors to the base. (2) The bacteria released into the outer environment might have impacts on local ecosystems. (3) New characteristics ( e.g. resistance to antibiotics) may be introduced into local bacterial communities.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kristian Brat
Ivo Sedlacek
Alena Sevcikova
Zdenek Merta
Kamil Laska
Pavel Sevcik
6 Invertebrate communities of the High Arctic ponds in Hornsund
Tomi P. Luoto , Mimmi Oksman , Antti E.K. Ojala
Polish Polar Research | 2016 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 105-119 | DOI: 10.1515/popore−2016−0003
Keywords: aquatic invertebrates Arctic bird impact climate change polar lakes
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Abstract

How environmental conditions influence current distributions of organisms at the local scale in sensitive High Arctic freshwaters is essential to understand in order to better comprehend the cascading consequences of the ongoing climate change. This knowledge is also important background data for paleolimnological assessments of long-Term limnoecological changes and in describing the range of environmental variability. We sampled five limnologically different freshwater sites from the Fuglebergsletta marine terrace in Hornsund, southern Svalbard, for aquatic invertebrates. Invertebrate communities were tested against non-climatic environmental drivers as limnological and catchment variables. A clear separation in the communities between the sites was observed. The largest and deepest lake was characterized by a diverse Chironomidae community but Cladocera were absent. In a pond with marine influence, crustaceans, such as Ostracoda, Amphipoda, and calanoid Copepoda were the most abundant invertebrates. Two nutrient-rich ponds were dominated by a chironomid, Orthocladius consobrinus, whereas themost eutrophic pond was dominated by the cladoceran Daphnia pulex, suggesting decreasing diversity along with the trophic status. Overall, nutrient related variables appeared to have an important influence on the invertebrate community composition and diversity, the trophic state of the sites being linked with their exposure to geese guano. Other segregating variables included water color, presence/absence of fish, abundance of aquatic vegetation and lake depth. These results suggest that since most of these variables are climate-driven at a larger scale, the impacts of the ongoing climate change will have cumulative effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomi P. Luoto
Mimmi Oksman
Antti E.K. Ojala
7 Chenophila nanseni sp. n. (Acari: Syringophilidae) parasitising the barnacle goose in Svalbard
Maciej Skoracki , Krzysztof Zawierucha
Polish Polar Research | 2016 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 121-130 | DOI: 10.1515/popore−2016−0002
Keywords: Arctic barnacle goose parasites quill mites female polymorphism
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Abstract

A new species, Chenophila nanseni sp. n., collected from covert quills of the barnacle goose Branta leucopsis (Anseriformes: Anatidae) in Svalbard (Spitsbergen) is described and female polymorphism is recorded in this species. In syringophilids this phenomenon was known only for representatives of the genus Stibarokris. The new species differs from the similar Ch. platyrhynchos by following features: in females of Ch. nanseni the anterior margin of the propodonotal shield is flat (vs. concave in Ch. platyrhynchos) and the lengths of idiosomal setae si, f2 and ag3 in Ch. nanseni are distinctly shorter than in Ch. plathyrynchos.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Skoracki
Krzysztof Zawierucha
8 Antarctic Halacaridae (Acari), new records, these species characteristics and an updated list of species
Ilse Bartsch
Polish Polar Research | 2016 | vol. 37 | No 1 | 131-154 | DOI: 10.1515/popore−2016−0007
Keywords: Antarctic Halacaroidea King George Island Weddell Sea
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Abstract

Four halacarid species: Agaue agauoides, Agaue parva, Bradyagaue drygalskii, and Halacarus minor have been extracted from bottom samples taken in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, another four, Colobocerasides auster, Halacarus arnaudi, Lohmannella fukushimai, and L. gaussi, from Kapp Norvegia, Atka and Halley Bay, Weddell Sea. Most of these species are widespread around Antarctica and adjacent islands. Diagnostic characters are outlined. An annotated list presents 66 halacarid species reported from south of the Antarctic Polar Front. © 2016 Polish Academy of Sciences 2016.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ilse Bartsch

Editorial office

Editors-in-Chief

Magdalena BŁAŻEWICZ (Life Sciences), University of Łódź, Poland
e-mail: magdalena.blazewicz@biol.uni.lodz.pl


Wojciech MAJEWSKI (Geosciences), Institute of Paleobiology PAS, Poland
e-mail: wmaj@twarda.pan.pl


Michał ŁUSZCZUK (Social Science and Hummanities), UMCS, Poland
e-mail: michal.luszczuk@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl

Associate Editors

Piotr JADWISZCZAK (Białystok),

e-mail: piotrj@uwb.edu.pl

Krzysztof JAŻDŻEWSKI (Łódź),

e-mail: krzysztof.jazdzewski@biol.uni.lodz.pl

Monika KĘDRA (Sopot)

e-mail: kedra@iopan.gda.pl

Ewa ŁUPIKASZA (Sosnowiec)

e-mail: ewa.lupikasza@us.edu.pl

Piotr PABIS (Łódź),

e-mail: cataclysta@wp.pl


Editorial Advisory Board


Angelika BRANDT (Hamburg),

Claude DE BROYER (Bruxelles),

Peter CONVEY (Cambridge, UK),

J. Alistair CRAME (Cambridge, UK),

Rodney M. FELDMANN (Kent, OH),

Jane E. FRANCIS (Cambridge, UK),

Andrzej GAŹDZICKI (Warszawa)

Aleksander GUTERCH (Warszawa),

Jacek JANIA (Sosnowiec),

Jiří KOMÁREK (Třeboň),

Wiesława KRAWCZYK (Sosnowiec),

German L. LEITCHENKOV (Sankt Petersburg),

Jerónimo LÓPEZ-MARTINEZ (Madrid),

Sergio A. MARENSSI (Buenos Aires),

Jerzy NAWROCKI (Warszawa),

Ryszard OCHYRA (Kraków),

Maria OLECH (Kraków)

Sandra PASSCHIER (Montclair, NJ),

Jan PAWŁOWSKI (Genève),

Gerhard SCHMIEDL (Hamburg),

Jacek SICIŃSKI (Łódź),

Michael STODDART (Hobart),

Witold SZCZUCIŃSKI (Poznań),

Andrzej TATUR (Warszawa),

Wim VADER (Tromsø),

Tony R. WALKER (Halifax, Nova Scotia),

Jan Marcin WĘSŁAWSKI (Sopot) - President.

 

Contact

Geosciences
Wojciech MAJEWSKI
e-mail: wmaj@twarda.pan.pl
phone: (48 22) 697 88 53

Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
ul. Twarda 51/55
00-818 Warszawa, POLAND


Life Sciences
Magdalena BŁAŻEWICZ
e-mail: magdalena.blazewicz@biol.uni.lodz.pl
phone: (48 22) 635 42 97

Zakład Biologii Polarnej i Oceanobiologii Uniwersytet Łódzki
ul. S. Banacha 12/16
90-237 Łódź, POLAND


Social Science and Hummanities
Michał ŁUSZCZUK
phone: (48 81) 537 68 99

Instytut Geografii Społeczno-Ekonomicznej i Gospodarki Przestrzennej UMCS
Al. Kraśnicka 2D
20-718 Lublin, POLAND

Instructions for authors

Instructions for authors

The quarterly Polish Polar Research invites original scientific papers dealing with all aspects of polar research. The journal aims to provide a forum for publication of high-quality research papers, which are of international interest.


Articles must be written in English. Authors are requested to have their manuscript read by a person fluent in English before submission. They should not be longer than 30 typescript pages, including tables, figures and references. However, upon request, longer manuscripts may be considered for publication. All papers are peer-reviewed. With a submitted manuscript, authors should provide their names, affiliations, ORCID number and e-mail addresses of at least three suggested reviewers.


Submission of the manuscript should be supported with a declaration that the work described has not been published previously nor is under consideration by another journal.

For text submission, Word file format is preferred. The text should be prepared in single-column double-spaced format and 25 mm margins. Consult the current issue of the journal for layout and conventions. Figures and tables should be prepared as separate files. Line art images should be scanned and saved as bitmap (black and white) images at a resolution of 600–1200 dpi and tightly cropped. Computer versions of the photographs should be saved in TIFF format of at least 400 dpi (non-interpolated). Maximal publication size of illustrations is 126×196 mm. Authors must make sure that graphics are clearly readable at this size. ‘Hairline’ line width must not be used. All chart axes need to be labeled in full. For labeling sub-graphics in a single figure, capital letters placed in the upper left corner are preferred. Bold letters should not be used in tables (including headers), except to highlight a significant value/information.


A limited number of color reproductions in print is free of charge. Color artwork in PDF is free of charge.


Title should be concise, informative and no longer than 15 words. Abstract should have no more than 250 words. The authors are requested to supply up to 5 keywords, different than words used in the title. The references should be arranged alphabetically and chronologically. Journal names should not be abbreviated. Please, ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list and vice versa.
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors. The inline references to published papers should consist of the surname of the author(s) followed by the year of publication. More than two authors should be cited with the first author’s surname, followed by et al. (Dingle et al. 1998) but in full in the References.

Examples:
ANDERSON J.B. 1999. Antarctic Marine Geology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
BIRKENMAJER K. 1991. Tertiary glaciation in the South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica: evaluation of data. In: M.R.A. Thomson, J.A. Crame and J.W. Thomson (eds) Geological Evolution of Antarctica. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 629–632.
DINGLE S.A., MARENSSI S.A. and LAVELLE M. 1998. High latitude Eocene climate deterioration: evidence from the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 11: 571–579.
SEDOV R.V. 1997. Glaciers of the Chukotka. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy 82: 213–217 (in Russian).
SOBOTA I. and GRZEŚ M. 2006. Characteristic of snow cover on Kaffioyra’s glaciers, NW Spitsbergen in 2005. Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej 16: 147–159 (in Polish).
WARD B.L. 1984. Distribution of modern benthic foraminifera of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. M.Sc. Thesis. Victoria University, Wellington (unpublished).

The journal does not have article processing charges (APCs) nor article submission charges. No honorarium will be paid to authors for publishing papers.
Please submit your manuscripts to Polish Polar Research using our online submission system.

Open Access policy

Polish Polar Research jest czasopismem wydawanym w wolnym dostępie na licencji CC BY-NC-ND 3.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

Polish Polar Research is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version. The journal content is available under the licencse CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/.

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