Applied sciences

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Content

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2002 | No 2

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Abstract

The unstable behaviour of the nominally stable single crystal samples of f.c.c. metals and alloys subdued to uniaxial straining is due, first of all. to two factors: the deviation of the crystallographic orientation from the nominal [uvw] direction, and imperfection of the inner structure, being the source of 'texture in a single crystal'. It is evident that in deformed single crystals the only parameter, which has an essential effect on plastic anisotropy, is crystallographic orientation. Thus. it is possible to evaluate the variation of crystallographic orientation at the tensile test indirectly, basing on the change of the strain ratio. This statement explains the significance of the strain ratio r vs. strain c function in the analysis of instability of crystallographic orientation in single crystals subdued to the tensile test. In the previous papers the authors have revealed the change of the strain ratio with the strain in several low stacking fault energy copper alloys and silver, and in medium s.f.e. copper. The present paper constitutes. in a way, a supplement to these results. describing the instability of the strain ratio and crystallographic orientation in the high stacking fault energy nickel single crystals. The present paper should be considered as an attempt to explain the different characteristics of instability in nominally stable [ 100], [111] and [110] f.c.c. single crystals.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Truszkowski
Stanisław Wierzbiński
Jacenty Kloch
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Abstract

The CuAl5 single crystal with the initial orientation (I 10)[00I] was cold rolled and subsequently compressed in a channel die in such a way that the new direction of plastic flow was parallel to the transverse direction of initial rolling and the compressed plane was parallel to the former rolling plane. The dislocation slip was the only deformation mechanism during rolling. The dislocation substructure after rolling was uniform. During the compression in a channel die, additionally, the deformation twinning as well as the shear band formation took place. The recrystallization commenced and proceded within the shear bands. After that. the recrystallization proceeded by the nucleation and growth of new grains within the areas with high density of deformation twins. The recrystallized regions of the former shear bands were filled by fine grains while the regions amongst them exhibited much bigger grains. The recrystallization texture was formed according to the theory of the oriented growth.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Moskalewicz
Mirosław Wróbel
Stanisław Dymek
Marek Blizorukova
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Abstract

The paper presents preliminary results of the investigations of the correlations occurring between the rate of the acoustic emission (AE) events and the plastic deformation mechanisms during channel-die compression of Mg-Li and Mg-Li-Al alloys. as well as the corresponding metallic matrix composites reinforced with short ó Al2O3 fibres. Essential qualitative and quantitative differences in the AE behaviour have been observed in the composites and in the pure alloys. The obtained results are discussed on the basis of the possible dislocation and microcracking processes and also on the basis of microstructure observations using the optical microscopy. It is suggested that the highly jumping character of AE behaviour in two-phase (a+ /3) Mg8Li3AI alloys is related to the twinning in a phase and to the microcracking along the interfaces. while in Mg8Li + bAl2O3 composites also to the fibres cracking and debonding processes, i.e. the loss of cohesion between the fibres and the matrix.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adrian Pawełek
ORCID: ORCID
Zdzisław Jasieński
Andrzej Piątkowski
Stanisław Kudela
Alina Litwora
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Abstract

The formation of texture and microstructure in polycrystalline Cu and Cu-5 wt. % Al alloy during two modes of homogenous rolling have been compared. Two samples of each metal were rolled. One sample was rolled unidirectionally, while the other by reverse rolling. Some differences in the textures depending on the rolling mode have been observed in the range of deformation of the Cu-5 wt. % Al alloy where intensive twinning took place. It was also found that the texture of reverse rolling was more homogeneous across the thickness of the rolled alloy sheet than the texture of unidirectionally rolled material. No clear effect of the rolling mode on microstructure has been observed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Wróbel
Jan Pospiech
Jan Bonarski
Marek Blicharski
Stanisław Dymek
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Abstract

The subject of investigation is the ridging phenomenon occuring in ferritic stainless chromium steels. The origin of this undesirable surface phenomenon is connected with the observed strips of texture inhomogeneities showing plastic anisotropy. Basing on measurements of crystallographic orientation topography the texture inhomogeneities together with the ridging effects have been investigated in sheets from earlier stages of the production process. The proposed changes in the traditional technological processing of sheets obtained from this steel type are intended to limit the occurrence of the ridging effect.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Sztwiertnia
Jan Pospiech
Tomasz Rostek
Marek Faryna
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Abstract

The microtextural changes within macroscopic shear bands (MSBs) in high purity aluminium and copper single crystals with { 112}( I I I) initial orientation, deformed by channel die compression, have been studied in detail. Systematic measurements of single orientations by SEM/EBSD and TEM/CBED clearly show that the investigated crystals are stable only in a global sense. The occurrence of the first set of MSBs is connected with a local lattice rotation towards the { 00 I }(110) orientation. In particular, this process directs the (111) slip plane, towards a shear plane and the activation of new, highly stressed { 111 }( 101) + { 111 }(Ol I)---, ---, CP{ 111 }( 112) slip systems, is documented. The deformed matrix near MSBs represents a relatively more stable behaviour, and the group of the orientations situated near the C{l 12}(1ll)-D{44 11}(11 11 8) positions describes it.
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Authors and Affiliations

Henryk Paul
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Abstract

Deformation of a composite material being compressed between two parallel plates is analyzed from the point of view of changing the relative thickness of particular layers during the process. The three layer composite consists of two different materials: one of them is assumed to be viscoplastic while the other one is perfectly plastic. Variation of the relative thickness of the different layers is investigated with respect to values of material constants, geometrical arrangements of the materials as well as the loading history.
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Authors and Affiliations

Romana Ewa Śliwa
Wiktoria Miszuris
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Abstract

The galvanostatic method used in previous measurements of the chemical diffusion coefficient in the Al-rich aluminium-lithium alloys has given a numerical values of the above coefficient at four imposed temperatures. This directly measured values of diffusion coefficient is compared with the value obtained indirectly from the measurement of the Li-solute redistribution within the Al-3.5Li alloy solidified directionally in the Bridgman system. The adequate theoretical considerations dealing with the description of solute redistribution in eutectic system has been made to calculate the value of back-diffusion parameter for the performed 2D experiment. The definition of back-diffusion parameter has been rearranged to calculate the numerical value of the diffusion coefficient in the solid. It has been shown that back-diffusion parameter plays essential role in the model of solute redistribution which is discussed from the viewpoint of the application of current model for redistribution to calculation of the solidification path.
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Authors and Affiliations

Waldemar Wołczyński
Władysław Gąsior
Zbigniew Moser

Instructions for authors

Instructions for Authors


Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is a quarterly journal of Polish Academy of Sciences and Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS which publishes original scientific papers and reviews in the fields of metallurgy and materials science, foundry, mechanical working of metals, thermal engineering in metallurgy, thermodynamic and physical properties of materials, phase equilibria in the broad context and diffusion. In addition to the regular, original scientific papers and conference proceedings, invited reviews presenting the up-to-date knowledge and monothematic issues devoted to preferred areas of research will be published. Submission of a paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that if accepted it will not be published elsewhere in the same form.


When preparing the manuscript, please pay attention to the following rules:


1. Manuscript submission

1.1. Manuscripts to be considered for publication should be submitted to the Editorial Office via www.editorialsystem.com/amm/. Authors should designate corresponding author, whose responsibility is to represent the Authors in contacts with the Editorial Office. The corresponding author receives an e-mail notification confirming the submission of the manuscript to the Editorial Office and is informed about the progress of the review process.


1.2. Manuscript should not exceed 15 pages of full-size paper (A4), must be double spaced (please use 12 point font), with generous margins, and the pages must be numbered. Authors should submit an electronic file of their manuscript in Microsoft Word (minimum : version 2000).


1.3. All manuscripts must be written in good English. Both British and U.S. English are acceptable but Authors should be consistent in their usage. It is sole responsibility of the Authors to make sure that the manuscript is grammatically correct and spell checked. Authors are strongly encouraged to have the manuscript proofread by a native speaker of English or a language professional, before it is submitted to the editorial office. Papers written in poor English will be automatically rejected without being subjected to review.


1.4. Authors should submit an electronic copy of final version of their paper in Microsoft Word Format, shemes (sketches) and figures saved as .eps, .jpeg, or .tiff.


1.5. Articles submitted for publication should include abstract and maximum 5 keywords.


1.6. Please adhere to the following order of presentation:


Author(s) with first names in full and ORCID.

Affiliation(s): in a short form (Institution, City, Country). Use the superscripts (*, **, . . .) after the Authors’ names in case of different affiliations.

Title: All words in lower case (first letter of first word capitalized).


Abstract: maximum 10 lines, including primary objective, research design, methods and procedures, main outcomes and results. Do not use abbreviations in the abstract.

Keywords: 5 maximum.

Main text: Begin on the second page with Introduction, followed by Experimental (Materials and Methods) and/or Theory section, Results, Discussion, and end with Conclusion section and Acknowledgement. When appropriate the Authors may choose to combine Results section and Discussion section into one Results and Discussion section. Make sure the text in sections is divided logically into paragraphs.
Use the decimal system for sections, subsections and (at the most) sub-subsections, as exemplified in the headings of these instructions.
All abbreviations should be spelled out the first time they are introduced in text or references. Thereafter the abbreviation can be used.


Appendices

References

Correspondence address: title, name, postal address, telephone and e-mail address of the corresponding Author, number ORCID.

Figure captions

Tables

2. Manuscript preparation


The editorial system includes:


1. Manuscript, which should contain the full text with figures, tables and signatures to them where they are placed.


2. Figures, tables and signatures to them as separate files.


2.1. Formulae, equations and units
The formulas should be written in Microsoft Equation and MathType with the possibility of editing (not as graphics).
Formulae and equations should be typed on separate lines and numbered consecutively in parentheses on the right side (1) . . . (n). Vectors must be indicated as such. Size of symbols should be kept uniform for all equations in the manuscript. Formulae and equations should be referred to in the text as follows: Eq. (1).
Numbers and units must be separated by a space, e.g. 5.5 wt.%, 273.15 K, 1013 MPa, etc. The only exception are angle degrees, e.g. 90°.

2.2. Figures

Figures should be complete without corrections and additions in the word. Figures are usually printed in reduced size (fitting column width of 85 mm) and this should be taken into account when preparing them. For the best results, make sure that lettering on figures and micrographs is at least 2 mm high after reduction, and the style of labeling must be uniform for all figures. Each figure should have its own caption explaining the content without reference to the text. Figure captions should be typed on a separate page at the end of manuscript. The appropriate place of in the text should be indicated by <Fig. 3 > written in separate line. Figures should be referred to in text as follows: Fig. 1. The magnification must be indicated by a labeled scale marker on the micrograph itself, not drawn below it. For optimum printing quality micrographs should be saved as .eps or .tiff at a resolution of at least 300 dpi while line drawings at a resolution of at least 600 dpi.

2.3. Move file
The authors can make movie files up to 100 MB in MP4 format.
The author at the first reference (Movie 1. Click here) should with the Click here command connect the web address with the place of uploading the movie (hyperlink) and at the end of the article provide a list of hyperlinks (samples: Movie 1, hyperlink, movie no 2, hyperlink ......).

The files will be removed from the edytorial system when rejected or published article (moved to Rejected or Published manuscripts).


2.4. Tables

Tables together with captions should be typed on separate page at the end of manuscript. Tables are to be numbered consecutively using Arabic numbers in the text (TABLE 1 . . . n). A caption must be placed above respective table and should explain the symbols used in the heading and in the left hand column. Tables should be referred to in the text as follows: TABLE 1.


2.5. References

References should be typed on separate pages and numbered consecutively applying the system accepted by the Quarterly (initials and names all authors, journal title [abbreviated according to the Journal Title Abbreviations of Web of Science: http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/, everyone abbreviation should be end with a dot - example. Arch.Metall.Mater.] or book title; journal volume or book publisher; page spread; publication year in bracket).

The use of DOI numbers (full notation and linked) is mandatory for each paper and should be formatted as shown in the examples below:

Journals:

[1] L.B. Magalas, Development of High-Resolution Mechanical Spectroscopy, HRMS: Status and Perspectives. HRMS Coupled with a Laser Dilatometer. Arch. Metall. Mater. 60 (3), 2069-2076 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/AMM-2015-0350

[2] E. Pagounis, M.J. Szczerba, R. Chulist, M. Laufenberg, Large Magnetic Field-Induced Work output in a NiMgGa Seven-Lavered Modulated Martensite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 152407 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4933303

[3] H. Etschmaier, H. Torwesten, H. Eder, P. Hadley, Suppression of Interdiffusion in Copper/Tin thin Films. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2012).DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0090-2 (in press).

Books:

[2] M. H. Kamdar, A.M.C. Westwood, Environment-Sensitive Mechanical Behaviour, New York 1981.

Proceedings:

[3] F. Erdogan, in: H. Liebowitz (Ed.), Fracture 2, Academic Press 684, New York (1968).

Internet resource:

[4] http://www.twi.co.uk/content/fswqual.html

PhD Thesis:

[6] F.M. LIang. World Hyphenation by Computer. PhD thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, June.

Chapter in books:

[7] R. Major, P. Lacki, R. Kustosz, J. M. Lackner, Modelling of nanoindentation to simulate thin layer behavior, in: K. J. Kurzydłowski, B. Major,

P. Zięba (Ed.), Foundation of Materials Design 2006, Research Signpost (2006).

Articles in press:

[8] H. EtschmaIer, H. Torwesten, H. Eder, P. Hadley, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2012), DOI: 10.1007/s11665-011-0090-2 (in press).

3. Fees

No honorarium will be paid. The journal does not have article processing charges (APCs) nor article submission charges.

4. Review and proofread process

4.1. Peer review process All submitted manuscripts undergo review by renowned specialists appointed by the Editor-in-Chief and members of the Editorial Board. Reviewers receive guidance to help them perform the review, and submit written opinion on the manuscript together with recommendation to accept as is, or reject, or accept after revision. In the latter case i.e. when revision is requested, the authors are obliged to respond to Editor and Reviewers’ comments in detail and make revisions to the manuscript. A rebuttal to Reviewers’ comments can also be sent via the Editorial System in writing. Decision to reject the article is taken by the Editorial Board with the final decision belonging to the Editor, who may appoint another reviewer if necessary. Reviewers remain anonymous to Authors and their identity cannot be revealed by the Editorial Office.

In a separate file, the authors are requested to suggest names and contact details (affiliations and valid e-mail addresses) of at least three experts who could serve as reviewers.

Brief explanation (2-3 sentence-long) why each person is suitable as a reviewer should also be provided. The suggested reviewers cannot be from the same country as affiliation of the corresponding author. The decision to appoint a reviewer belongs solely to the editor.

4.2. Revised manuscript submission

When revision of a manuscript is requested, Authors should return the revised version of their manuscript as soon as possible. Prompt action may ensure fast publication if a paper is finally accepted for publication in Arch. Metall. Mater. If it is the first revision of an article Authors are requested to return their revised manuscript within 7 days.

If it is the second revision Authors are requested to return their revised manuscript within 1 day.

4.3. Final proofreading

Authors will receive a pdf file with the edited version of their manuscript for final proofreading. This is the last opportunity to view an article before its publication on the journal web site. No changes or modifications can be introduced once it is published. Thus authors are requested to check their proof pages carefully against manuscript within 3 working days and prepare a separate document containing all changes that should be introduced. Authors are sometimes asked to provide additional comments and explanations in response to remarks and queries from the language or technical editors.

5. Original version

Starting from issue 1/ 2018, Volume 63, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is published in electronic via www.journals.pan.pl. The printed version is printed only for designated libraries (legal basis: Regulation of the Minister of Culture and Art of March 6, 1997).

6. Prevent cases of plagiarism

Readers should be sure that the authors present the results of their work transparently, fair and honest, regardless of whether they are the direct authors, or used the help of a specialized entity (natural or legal person). To prevent cases of plagiarism, "ghostwriting" and "guest Authorship", the Editorial Office will require that the Authors disclosed the contribution of individual Authors in the creation of manuscript (with their affiliations and contributions, i.e. the information who is responsible for: research concept and design, collection and/or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, writing the manuscript). Funding sources (together with grant number) must also be revealed. The corresponding Author will bear the main responsibility for the manuscript. Detected cases will be exposed, including notifying the appropriate entities (institutions employing the Authors, scientific societies, associations of editors of scientific journals, etc.).

7. License type

Articles are printed in an open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). This license allows authors to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform, and build upon the material. Authors may not use the material for commercial purposes. However, this condition does not include dependent works (they may be covered by another license).

Submission of an article to the journal is unequivocal to expressing consent to the publication in both paper and electronic form.

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