Humanities and Social Sciences

LINGUISTICA SILESIANA

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LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2022 | vol. 43

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Abstract

The present paper deals with the synchronic variation of the phoneme /ʁ/ in the unstressed word final syllable onset in modern German spontaneous speech. Our research task was to determine the phonetic context, in which the phoneme /ʁ/ undergoes modifications in the above-mentioned position and to establish, whether the intensity and the type of modifications (vocalization or elision of the phoneme /ʁ/) could correlate with the part of speech and with the combinatorial conditions of sound realization. The data collected are based on the acoustic analysis of spontaneous speech (interviews in the media) of 20 German scientists (10 men and 10 women) from the Central and Southern Germany. Our results showed that the phoneme /ʁ/ undergoes intense modifications mainly in the word final position "stressed long vowel + ʁ + schwa vowel + nasal" in various parts of speech: verbs, plural forms of nouns, adjectives, participles, substantivized verbs, possessive pronouns and prepositions.
The type of modification of the phoneme /ʁ/ in the relevant position correlates with the sound context. After high and mid vowels [iː], [yː], [uː], [eː], [ɛː], [øː], [oː] vowel realizations as unsyllabic [ɐ̯] clearly dominate over the consonantal as [ʁ], leading to the emergence of centralizing secondary diphthongs [iːɐ̯], [yːɐ̯], [uːɐ̯], [eːɐ̯], [ɛːɐ̯], [øːɐ̯], [oːɐ̯]. In the position after the long [aː] an elision of the allophones of the phoneme /ʁ/ is predominant, which can lead to an overlong articulation of the preceding low vowel as [aːː].
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Authors and Affiliations

Tetiana Solska
1
Olena Borovska
1
Kateryna Poseletska
1
Nataliia Vyshyvana
1

  1. Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University
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Abstract

The paper investigates the issue of motivation of a subcategory of nouns called by Quirk et al. (1985: 303) and Huddleston & Pullum (2002: 345), respectively, unmarked plural nouns and uninflected plural-only nouns. These are nouns with untypical, from the perspective of the majority of English nouns, properties: their form, despite the plural designation, is singular. Adopting the general cognitive perspective on motivation in language (e.g. Lakoff 1987; Heine 1997; Radden, Panther 2004; Gibbs 2005; Panther, Radden 2011, etc.), the paper analyses whether such irregular properties of uninflected plural-only nouns can be motivated by one of the factors shaping visual experience – Gestalt principles of perception (e.g. Koffka 1936; Pomerantz 1981; Rock & Palmer S. 1990; Palmer S. 1999).
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Drożdż
1

  1. University of Silesia
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Abstract

This study investigates learners’ processing of English unaccusative verbs in the inchoative frame ( The door opened; Oil is spilling). Previous approaches explained L2 difficulty with the inchoative construction in terms of learners’ L1 and their perception of discourse or semantic factors hypothesized to be responsible for common overpassivization errors ( The door was opened). The purpose of the present study is to complement the extant inventory by proposing an additional factor instrumental in L2 processing. It is hypothesized that L2 use of unaccusative verbs is contingent on learners’ familiarity with formulaic expressions exemplifying the inchoative construction. The study focuses on the entrenchment of frequent phrases like My jaw dropped in Czech and Polish learners. In a lexical decision task, their reaction times for frequent expressions were found to be faster and fewer mistakes were made than in the case of non-formulaic counterparts ( My hair dropped).
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Authors and Affiliations

Konrad Szcześniak
1 2

  1. University of Silesia
  2. Palacký University
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Abstract

The paper is a case study investigating the nominal and adjectival morphology in the English text of bounds to S 179, a post-Conquest forgery. The aim of the study is to determine what linguistic means of authentication were applied by an eleventh- century forger who devised a text which was supposed to look 200 years old at the time of its production, as well as to search for modern features which give the forgery away, at the same time allowing an insight into early Middle English. The study represents research into “transitional”, post-Conquest English (Faulkner 2012) and the status of English under the Norman rule.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Zagórska
1

  1. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań
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Abstract

The article presents a part of the research on the Russian and Polish lexical units containing the глуп-/głup- root. The noun, verb and adverb forms have been analysed from the point of view of their meanings and the functional, stylistic and derivational properties. That is why the research material includes the contemporary units such as colloquialisms and lexemes of the restricted usage (archaisms and linguistic variants) which occur in both languages. The lexical units have been selected from the contemporary and historical explanatory and etymological dictionaries as well as from the former and dialectal lexis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Walczak
1

  1. University of Silesia
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Abstract

The article examines the disciplinary preferences of medical and psychology writers of research articles (RAs) in the use of epistemic lexical verbs (ELVs), regarding their frequency, prominence, distribution across the RA sections, and recurrent phraseology. The results show that disciplinary affiliation affects these phenomena, as more ELVs are found in psychology than in medicine. Both groups prefer speculative judgements and quotative evidence and most frequently use ELVs in Discussions. Yet, psychology authors are more balanced in their preferences and rely on a wider selection of frequent ELVs which are often combined with self-mention. Medical authors are more inclined towards deductive ELVs. Disciplinary differences are also observed in the choice of the specific ELVs, their frequency distributions and phraseology in the distinct RA sections.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tatiana Szczygłowska
1

  1. University of Bielsko-Biala
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Abstract

Backchannel responses (BChs) have been an important research topic in conversation analysis since Yngve (1970) drew a distinction between speech produced by the person holding the turn and talking in the ‘main’ channel, while the listener occupying the ‘back’ channel of the communication. However, much less is known about the acoustic-phonetic characteristics of BChs.
The aim of the present study is twofold: 1. it seeks to provide a general analysis of BChs as a formal group in 10 Hungarian conversations, using a formal, phonetic approach. 2. Additionally, another sub-study was conducted concerning the contextual variability of BChs investigating their change, according to the age of the conversation partner in three-party conversations.
The age of the subject did not significantly affect the frequency and duration of the fieldworker1’s BCh or the other acoustic parameters, however it did make some difference in pause patterns. In contrast, gender-related changes were detected in the fieldworker1’s utterance: having produced more BChs when talking to older women. This may be explained by the possible intimacy in female conversations as well as by the influence of politeness. The results might offer new insights of the conversation’s structure with regard to their age and gender.
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Authors and Affiliations

Valéria Krepsz
1 2
Viktória Horváth
1
Ágnes Hámori
1
Dorottya Gyarmathy
1
Csilla Ilona Dér
3

  1. Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics
  2. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
  3. Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary
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Abstract

The issue of linguistic interference will be analysed from the point of view of medical translations in the Italian-Polish linguistic pair. Since linguistic interference can manifest itself at almost all levels of the text (phonetic, orthographic, morphological, syntactic, socio-cultural), with the analysis of the fragments taken from translated medical documents we would like to understand which are the most frequent cases of the phenomenon when it comes to translated medical texts and which factors favour the interference most.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Maniowska
1

  1. Università Marie Curie-Skłodowska
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Abstract

According to the Bible, a disrespectful use of God’s name may be perceived as blasphemous or at least profane. In order to avoid the risk of violating that religious and linguistic taboo, sensitive language users representing the Judeo-Christian world have developed various euphemistic ways of referring to God. On the other hand, however, jokes that include God’s name and laugh at him are not uncommon in Western culture. Assuming a linguistic-semantic perspective, the present paper examines a group of “God jokes”, which are jokes that contain God’s name and were tagged with the word god in the collection entitled “The best god jokes”, published on the website unijokes.com. The aim of the study is to identify the place and role of God’s name in the semantic script of “God jokes”, or in other words, to check “how much” God there really is in the text of jokes that are supposed to laugh at God, potentially violating the religious taboo. Following the General Theory of Verbal Humor (Raskin and Attardo 1991; Attardo 2001), the use of God’s name is analyzed in the knowledge resources of the semantic script of a joke: the target, the script opposition, the situation, the narration, and the language.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Kuczok
1

  1. University of Silesia
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Abstract

The present paper examines the transfer of nomino-adjectival collocations based on the word ‘femme’ (‘woman’) in the literary translation from French into Italian and Polish. The lexical connection analysed in the article can be defined as the habitual juxtaposition of a word with another word (or words) that has a significant frequency in a given language. The research corpus comprises seven Michel Houellebecq’s novels written originally in French and their Italian and Polish versions. The theoretical part of the paper aims to present phraseotranslation and phraseotraductol-ogy, which are the new subbranches in phraseology. Then, the empirical part proposes the analysis of techniques used in transferring collocations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Golda
1 2 3

  1. Université d’Opole
  2. Université de Silésie
  3. Université Sorbonne Paris Nord
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Abstract

The author analyzes the two most common synonymous Greek prepositions ἐν and εἰς in the texts of the New Testament. She begins with a description of the basic syntactic functions of Greek prepositions, then goes on to analyze the status of two selected prepositions, pointing to the differences in their meaning and their dependence on the connectivity with specific noun cases. The last part of the text is devoted to the pre-verbal value of the prepositions under the study and the compound verbs based on them, which are combined with the verbs without prefixes, which are their basis. This starting point allows conclusions of a syntactic-semantic nature based on the use of the studied forms in the Greek New Testament texts.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Żłobińska-Nowak
1

  1. Université de Silésie
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Abstract

This paper employs the Cognitive Linguistics paradigm to argue that flirtation, especially verbal, may be interpreted as a phenomenon resulting from the working of two conceptual mechanisms, namely metaphor and metonymy. As far as the corpus of the present paper is concerned, the analysis is predominantly based on dialogues extracted from the film “Double Indemnity” (1944) directed by Billy Wilder.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Grząśko
1

  1. University of Rzeszow
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Abstract

The communication aspect of cross-border healthcare and translation and interpreting in this field are under-researched. This paper presents the results of a qualitative webpage content analysis of the multilingual websites of three Viennese abortion clinics. We investigate if and how content affected by a social and cultural taboo is (re)framed linguistically in versions addressed at patients from Poland, where abortion has been largely illegal since 1993. Our results show that awareness of the need for comprehensive target group-oriented information provision and quality translation and/or adaptation varies and that the Polish websites in our corpus tend to adopt a slightly different, more feminist and pro-choice point-of-view in comparison to the German versions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Bartłomiejczyk
1
Sonja Pöllabauer
2

  1. University of Silesia
  2. University of Vienna
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Abstract

One of the common reasons for borrowing is the introduction of new objects or the rise of new cultural, historical, political or social phenomena and the need to name them. The import of loanwords is extremely common in the domain of sports, especially as new disciplines develop, because, as Jarosz (2015) noted, general language is insufficient for dealing with various aspects characteristic of a given discipline, such as actions or equipment. Thus, within sports vocabulary a great deal of newly coined lexemes may be found, which have been categorised by Ożdżyński (1970) as: (i) loanwords, (ii) native neologisms (derivatives and compounds), (iii) semantic neologisms, and (iv) phraseological units.
It is believed that the terminology related to various billiard sports depicts the provenance of the discipline. For instance, a Polish pool-billiard (pocket-billiard) player pots balls into a pocket called łuza, which seems to have been borrowed from French, whereas a Polish snooker player pots balls into a pocket called kieszeń, which is a loan translation from English.
The aim of the article is to investigate the sports vocabulary used by snooker commentators in order to ascertain the kind of terminology that has been adopted by Polish commentators to cover the meanings related to snooker. As this discipline is relatively young, having been popularised in Poland only at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the vocabulary is still developing. Therefore, the choice of spoken language to conduct the analysis gives us a chance to see the most up-to-date state of the lexicon. Attention will be paid to the various types of borrowings in order to see the motivation behind the processes involved in coining particular lexical items. The study has been based on approximately 130 hours of live coverage of the World Snooker Championship 2021.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Bator
1
Waldemar Dębski
2

  1. WSB University in Poznań
  2. Independent Scholar
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Abstract

As communication grows ever more media-centric, it often intends to modify the addressee’s attitude. In this context, our chapter aims to investigate a relatively little- examined film review genre from the discursive, pragmatic and rhetorical perspective. The selected corpus consists of one hundred French and Polish journalistic reviews of three famous films from 2019. The act of persuasion we focus on corresponds to a set of strategies exploiting exploiting the deliberative and epideictic dimensions of discourse as well as the rhetorical principles of movere and delectare in order to instil particular views and concepts. Hence, to some extent, the described procedures draw on other discourses, such as elite, advertising, stylistic and filmic discourse. Therefore, our study centres around these new intrinsic features of the film review’s multifaceted nature considered as a sociocultural activity based on the justified assessment and the addresser’s ethos.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dominika Topa-Bryniarska
1

  1. Université de Silésie
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Abstract

The present article addresses the subject of technical specialist text, its discursive features and, what follows, its potential within the complex context of communica-tion and functionality. What shall be analysed herein is a specific genre of the text, i.e. product information, along with its distinctive properties treated as a tool for exerting influence. The analysis shall be conducted while taking into account both inter- and intra-industry specialist communication. Consideration shall be given to the intertextual sphere, the functions and conventional structure of the text, its interactive roles and formulative level, i.e. the linguistic means and structures through which the speech acts inherent in the genre and necessary in the communication process are performed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marzena Będkowska-Obłąk
1

  1. Schlesische Universität
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Abstract

The present paper aims at conducting a short French-Polish contrastive investigation of the verbs prefixed by entre-. At the beginning, the author proposes to perceive prefixation as a purely semantic phenomenon and advances a hypothesis that different meanings (i.e. semantic values) of the preverb in the source language should manifest in the translation of the prefixed verbs into the target language. The second part focuses on the results of the postulated semantic-translation analysis of 62 French verbs found in two dictionaries: Great French-Polish Dictionary and Lexicon 5. The verbs are divided into 4 categories depending on their translation into Polish (verbs expressing reciprocity, spatial verbs, low intensity verbs, and lexicalized verbs) which, in accordance with the adopted hypothesis, allows to distinguish 3 different semantic values of entre-: reciprocity, spatiality and low intensity. Furthermore, the results of the analysis are compared with the those obtained by other linguists. Due to the fact that the conclusions of the investigation conducted in this paper and in similar studies do not differ significantly and considering the added contrastive value of semantic-translation analysis, the author suggests extending the research in this stream to other preverbs in order to reach the complete description of the French prefixation seen “through” the Polish language.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Hrabia
1

  1. Université de Silésie
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Abstract

The paper deals with figurative lexical resources of English in the conceptual domain of gender. The presentation and analysis are carried out in terms of the most productive cognitive processes of semantic extensions leading to gender senses of particular lexical units. These processes include various kinds of metaphor, e.g. objectification and zoometaphor, and metonymy, as well as a less familiar concept of syntaphor. Of particular importance are the cases of a new kind of metaphor, called “transgender metaphor” and an integration of metonymy with metaphor in the development of a taboo lexeme cunt used to refer to male referents.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bogusław Bierwiaczonek
1

  1. Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa
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Abstract

Bierwiaczonek (2013: 201-202) proposed an analysis of the polysemy of the verb see based on propositional metonymic mappings. In Matusz (2020) I supported this claim with a short dictionary analysis. In the present paper, I propose a similar analysis of the polysemy of hear based on propositional metonymy processes. In order to do that a short dictionary analysis is performed to determine the basic non- metonymic meaning of the verb and to distinguish the senses motivated by metonymic mappings. The analysis performed on the basis of three dictionary sources shows that a significant number of senses of hear may plausibly be explained as cases of PART FOR WHOLE propositional metonymic patterns. The metonymic shift may be demonstrated on the basis of State-of-Affairs Scenarios (SASs), as proposed by Panther and Thornburg (1999), due to the fact that within such scenarios the stage of auditory perception constitutes a particularly salient stage (a stage of SAS for SAS). Alternatively, some dictionary samples are ambiguous between the PART FOR WHOLE metonymic interpretation and the metaphoric reading wherein metonymy plays an active role in the emergence of the metaphoric shift. Thus, reference to metonymy-metaphor interaction appears indispensable. In the paper, I propose an analysis of such cases based on Ruiz de Mendoza and Díez Velasco (2002), who consider the role of metonymic domain expansion within the source of the metaphoric mappings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Matusz
1

  1. University of Silesia

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Reviewers

The Linguistica Silesiana peer-referees 2017-2020

  • Beata Abdallah-Krzepkowska
  • Magdalena Bartłomiejczyk
  • Magdalena Bator
  • Monika Bielińska
  • Bogusław Bierwiaczonek
  • Krzysztof Bogacki
  • Jan Čermák
  • Bożena Cetnarowska
  • Magdalena Charzyńska-Wójcik
  • Grzegorz Drożdż
  • Radosław Dylewski
  • Henryk Fontański
  • Danuta Gabryś-Barker
  • Piotr Gąsiorowski
  • Łukasz Grabowski
  • Ireneusz Kida
  • Robert Kiełtyka
  • Marcin Krygier
  • Marcin Kuczok
  • Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik
  • Czesław Lachur
  • Andrzej Łyda
  • Ewa Miczka
  • Ewa Myrczek-Kadłubicka
  • John G. Newman
  • Mikołaj Nkollo
  • Jerzy Nykiel
  • Ewa Piechurska-Kuciel
  • Tadeusz Piotrowski
  • Adam Pluszczyk
  • Andrzej Porzuczek
  • Hans Sauer
  • Czesława Schatte
  • Piotr Stalmaszczyk
  • Monika Sułkowska
  • Konrad Szcześniak
  • Krystyna Warchał
  • Halina Widła
  • Krzysztof Witczak
  • Adam Wojtaszek
  • Marcin Zabawa

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