Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Baade S, Aupperle H, Grevel V, Schoon HA (2006) Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations of hepatic lesions associated with congenital portosystemic shunt in dogs. J Comp Pathol 134: 80-90.

Collings AJ, Gow AG, Marques A, Yool D, Furneaux R, Mellanby R, Watson PJ (2012) A prospective study of basal insulin concentrations in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. J Small Anim Pract 53: 228-233.

Cui W, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Liu X, Wu B (2011) Changes of relative weight and cell cycle, and lesions of bursa of Fabricius in-duced by dietary excess vanadium in broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res 143: 251-260.

Frymus J, Trębacz P, Degórska B, Sterna J, Kowalczyk P, Tomkowicz A, Galanty M (2015) Portosystemic shunt in dogs and cats. Current diagnostic aspects. Magazyn Wet 24: 12-22

Frymus J, Trębacz P, Sobczak-Filipiak M, Czopowicz M, Degórska B, Galanty M (2020) Histopathological picture of pancreatic islets in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt. Med Weter 76: 103-106.

Gow AG (2017) Hepatic encephalopathy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 47: 585-599.

Kikumoto Y, Sugiyama H, Inoue T, Morinaga H, Takiue K, Kitagawa M, Fukuoka N, Saeki M, Maeshima Y, Wang DH, Ogino K, Masuoka N, Makino H (2010) Sensitization to alloxan-induced diabetes and pancreatic cell apoptosis in acatalasemic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 1802: 240-246.

Kraun MB, Nelson LL, Hauptman JG, Nelson NC (2014) Analysis of the relationship of extrahepatic portosystemic shunt morphology with clinical variables in dogs: 53 cases (2009-2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc 245: 540-549.

Majd N E, Tabandeh MR, Shahriari A, Soleimani Z (2018) Okra (Abelmoscus esculentus) improved islets structure, and down-regulated PPARs gene expression in pancreas of high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cell J 20: 31-40.

Mankin KM (2015) Current concepts in congenital portosystemic shunts. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 45: 477-487.

Masjedi F, Gol A, Dabiri S (2013) Preventive effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on serum biochemical factors and histopathology of pan-creas and liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Iran J Pharm Res 12: 325-338.

Morandi F, Sura PA, Sharp D, Daniel GB (2010) Characterization of multiple acquired portosystemic shunts using transplenic portal scintig-raphy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 51: 466-471.

Muranishi T, Takehana K, Hiratsuka T, Kobayashi A, Eerdunchaolu, Iwasa K, Abe M (1999) An investigation of the relationship between duct system and A cell-rich and PP cell-rich pancreatic islets in the canine pancreas. J Vet Med Sci 61: 737-742.

Noda K, Melhorn MI, Zandi S, Frimmel S, Tayyari F, Hisatomi T, Almulki L, Pronczuk A, Hayes KC, Hafezi-Moghadam A (2010) An animal model of spontaneous metabolic syndrome: Nile grass rat. FASEB J 24: 2443-2453.

Perazzo JC, Tallis S, Delfante A, Souto PA, Lemberg A, Eizayaga FX, Romay S (2012) Hepatic encephalopathy: an approach to its multiple pathophysiological features. World J Hepathol 4: 50–65.

Przybylik-Mazurek E, Pach D, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Sowa-Staszczak A, Gilis-Januszewska A, Kulig J, Matyja A, Chrapczyński P (2012) Symptoms and early diagnostic possibilities of pancreatic endocrine cells hyperplasia (nesidioblastosis). Przegląd Lekarski 69: 9-14.

Raffel A, Krausch MM, Anlauf M, Wieben D, Braunstein S, Klöppel G, Röher HD, Knoefel WT (2007) Diffuse nesidioblastosis as a cause of hyperinsulinemic, hypoglycemia in adults: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Surgery 141: 179-184.

Sobczak-Filipiak M, Szarek J, Czopowicz M, Galanty M, Dolka I, Trębacz P, Frymus J, Lechowski R (2018a) Stellate cells in livers of dogs with portal vein hypoperfusion. Med Weter 74: 392–397

Sobczak-Filipiak M, Męcik-Kronenberg T, Czopowicz M, Galanty M, Trębacz P, Frymus J, Badurek I, Szarek J (2018b) Lipogranulomas and pigment granulomas in livers of dogs with portosystemic shunt. Pol J Vet Sci 21: 265-272.

Sobczak-Filipiak M, Szarek J, Badurek I, Padmanabhan J, Trębacz P, Januchta-Kurmin M, Galanty M (2019) Retrospective Liver Histomor-phological Analysis in Dogs in Instances of Clinical Suspicion of Congenital Portosystemic Shunt. J Vet Res;63: 243-249.

Tivers MS, Handel I, Gow AG, Lipscomb VJ, Jalan R, Mellanby RJ (2014) Hyperammonemia and systemic inflammatory response syn-drome predicts presence of hepatic encephalopathy in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. PLoS One 9: e82303.

Tobias KM, Rohrbach BW (2003) Association of breed with the diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs: 2,400 cases (1980-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223: 1636-1639.

Yabe K, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T, Takada S, Mori K (2019) Functional and morphological characteristics of pancreatic islet lesions induced by quinolone antimicrobial agent gatifloxacin in rats. Toxicol Pathol 47: 35-43.

Zhang B, Li SS, Men JL, Zhang ZH (2018) Effect of long-term crotonaldehyde exposure on heart damage in male rats. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 36: 647-652

Aebi H (1984) Catalase. Methods Enzymol 105: 121-126.

Ajadi AR, Sanni JL, Sobayo EF, Ijaopo K (2018) Evaluation of plasma trace elements and oxidant/antioxidant status in Boerboel dogs with hip dysplasia. Bulg J Vet Med 23: 1-11.

Altıner A, Atalay H, Bilal T (2018) Free radicals and the relationship with stress. Balikesir Health Sci J 7: 51-55.

Bakır B, Büyükönder H, Özer K, Belge A (1992) Studies on blood serum alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in hip dysplasia and normal sivas kangal dogs. Proceedings of the 3rd National Veterinary Surgery Congress, pp 64-70.

Beutler E (1984) Red cell metabolism. A manual of biochemical methods. 2nd ed., Grune and Starton, New York: 160.

Birben E, Şahiner UM, Sackesen C, Erzurum S, Kalayci O (2012) Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World AO J 5: 9-19.

Bostancı B, Demirkan I (2017) Determination of Prevalance of Canine Hip Dysplasia By Pennhip Method. Kocatepe Vet J 10: 269-277.

Candas A (1982) Hip dysplasias in dogs. Vet J AU 29: 235-248.

Çaptug Ö, Bilgili H (2007) Current Approaches of Canine Hip Dysplasia Part II: Clinical Diagnosis of Canine Hip Dysplasia. J Fac Vet Med Univ Erciyes 4(1): 35-42.

Dassler CL (2002) Canine hip dysplasia: Diagnosis and nonsurgical treatment. In: Slatter D, Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed., Saunders, Philadelphia, 2019-2029.

Denny HR, Buerworth S (2000) The Hip. In: A guide to canine and feline orthopaedic surgery. 4 ed., Blackwell Science, London: pp 455-494.

Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V Jr, Feather-stone RM (1961) A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 7: 88-95.

Frankel S, Reitman S, Sonnen AC (1970) A textbook on laboratory procedure and their interpretation. Grand-Wohl’s clinical laboratory methods and diagnosis. Mosby Co, London, pp 403-404.

Ginja MMD, Ferreira AJA, Silvestre AM, Gonzale-Orden JM, Llorens-Pena MP (2006) Hip joint fluid and passive laxity in puppies at 7 or 8 weeks of age and its correlation with late hip laxity and canine hip dysplasia. 13th ESVOT Congress. September, 7-10, Munich, Germany, pp 232-233.

Karabaglı M, Olgun- Erdikmen D, Özer K (2014) Diagnosis and Treatment Options in Hip Dysplasia. Türkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci 5: 54-61.

Lust G, Rendano VT, Summers BA (1985) Canine hip dysplasia: concepts and diagnosis. J Am Vet Med Assoc 187(6): 638-640.

Mukherjee S, Ghosh S, Choudhury S, Adhikary A, Manna K, Dey S, Sa G, Das T, Chattopadhyay S (2013) Pomegranate reverses metho-trexate-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in hepatocytes by modulating Nrf2-NF-κB pathways. J Nutr Biochem 24: 2040-2050.

Or ME, Gülanber EG, Kalınbacak A, et al. (2001) The correlations of some serum parameters and hip dysplasia on Turkish Shepherd (Sivas Kangal) and German Shepherd dogs. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia 27: 469-476.

Placer ZA, Cushman L, Johnson BC (1966) Estimation of products of lipid peroxidation in biochemical systems. Anal Biochem 16: 359-364.

Prasad AS (1978) Trace elements and iron in human metabolism. John Willey and Sons, NY.

Polat E (2021) Hip dysplasia in dogs. Veterinary Medicine and a New Look at Beekeepıng. 1st ed., IKSAD Publishing House, Ankara, pp 41-74.

Sarı H, Bilgili H (2011) Evaluation of Norberg-Olsson and distraction index hip joint angles measurement using with a new computerized programme on canine hip dysplasia. Vet Hek Der Derg 82: 49-58.

Schachner ER, Lopez MJ (2015) Diagnosis, prevention, and management of canine hip dysplasia: A review. Vet Med Res Rep 6: 181-192.

Sharma U, Pal D, Prasad R (2014) Alkaline phosphatase: An overview. Indian J Clin Biochem 29: 269–278.

Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y (1988) A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem 34: 497-500.

Szilagyi M, Sagi L (1976) Bone mineral contents and serum alkaline phosphatase activity of healthy and hip dysplasic German Sheep dogs. Acta Vet Acad Sci Hung 25: 297-301.

Teixeira AM, Borges GF (2012) Creatine kinase: structure and function. Brazi J Biomotr 6: 53-65.

Wallace LJ (1987) Canine hip dysplasia: Past and present. Semin Vet Med Surg 2: 92-106.

Zilva FJ, Pannal PR (1975) Clinical Chemistry in Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd ed., Lloyd-Luke LTD, London.

Ahmad S, Mehmood S, Javed K, Mahmud A, Usman M, Rehman A, Ishaq HM, Hussain J, Ghayas A (2018) Different selection strategies for the improvement of the growth performance and carcass traits of Japanese quails. Braz J Poult Sci 20: 497-506.

Akram M, Hussain J, Sahota AW, Iqbal A, Sultan A (2012) Genetic gain in 4-week body weight through mass selection in 4 close-bred stocks of Japanese quail. Book of Abstracts. 32nd Congress of Zoology, Lahore, Pakistan, pp 140.

Anthony NB, Nestor KE, Bacon WL (1986) Growth curves of Japanese quail as modified by divergent selection for 4 - week body weight. Poult Sci 65: 1825-1833.

Bayyari GR, Huff WE, Rath NC, Balog JM, Newberry LA, Villines JD, Skeeles JK, Anthony NB, Nestor KE (1997) Effect of the genetic selection of turkeys for increased body weight and egg production on immune and physiological responses. Poult Sci 76: 289-296.

Bhatti BM, Sahota AW (1994) Growth performance and carcass quality of different crosses of chickens. Pak Vet J 14: 250-253.

Caron N, Minvielle F, Desmarais M, Poste LM (1990) Mass Selection for 45-Day Body Weight in Japanese Quail: Selection Response, Carcass Composition, Cooking Properties, and Sensory Characteristics. Poult Sci 69: 1037-1045.

Cheema MA, Qureshi MA, Havenstein GB (2003) A comparison of the immune response of a 2001 commercial broiler with a 1957 random-bred broiler strain when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets. Poult Sci 82: 1519-1529.

Durmus I, Alkan S, Narinc D, Karabag K, Karslı T (2017) Effects of mass selection on egg production on some reproductive traits in Japanese quail. Eur Poult Sci 81: 1-9.

El-Bayomi KM, El-Tarabany MS, Nasr MA, Roushdy EM (2014) Effect of divergent selection for growth on carcass traits in Japanese quails. Zag Vet J 42: 51-56.

El-Nagar SH, Sharaf MM, Mahmoud S, Basha HA (2016) Effect of selection of Japanese quails for rapid growth on immune function. Alex J Vet Sci 49: 85-90.

Faisal BA, Abdel-Fattah SA, El-Hommosany YM, Abdel-Gawad NM, Ali MFM (2008) Immunocompetence, hepatic heat shock protein 70 and physiological responses to feed restriction and heat stress in two body weight lines of Japanese quail. Int J Poult Sci 7: 174-183.

Ghayas A, Hussain J, Mahmud A, Javed K, Rehman A, Ahmad S, Mehmood S, Usman M, Ishaq HM (2017) Productive performance, egg quality, and hatching traits of Japanese quail reared under different levels of glycerin. Poult Sci 96: 2226-2232.

Havenstein GB, Ferket PR, Scheideler SE, Larson BT (1994) Growth, livability, and feed conversion of 1957 vs 1991 broilers when fed “typical” 1957 and 1991 broiler diets. Poult Sci 73: 1785-1794.

Hussain J (2014) Response to Selection for three week body weight in Japanese quail for three generations. Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan pp 13.

Hussain J, Akram M, Sahota AW, Javed K, Ahmad HA, Mehmood S, Ahmad S, Sulaman R, Rabbani I, Jatoi AS (2013) Selection for higher three-week body weight in Japanese quail: 1. Effect on growth performance. J Anim Plant Sci 23: 1496-1500.

Hussain J, Akram M, Sahota AW, Javed K, Ahmad HA, Mehmood S, Jatoi AS, Ahmad S (2014) Selection for higher three weeks body weight in Japanese quail: 2. Estimation of genetic parameters. J Anim Plant Sci 24: 869-873.

Jatoi AS, Sahota AW, Akram M, Javed K, Jaspal MH, Hussain J, Mirani AH, Mehmood S (2013) Effect of different body weight categories on the productive performance of four closebred flocks of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). J Anim Plant Sci 23: 7-13.

Kankova Z, Drozdova A, Klobetzova Z, Lichovnikova M, Zeman M (2019) Development and reactivity of the immune system of Japanese quail lines divergently selected for the shape of the growth curve. Br Poult Sci 60: 700-707.

Kapczynski DR, Afonso CL, Miller PJ (2013) Immune responses of poultry to Newcastle disease virus. Dev Comp Immunol 41: 447-453.

Khaldari M, Pakdel A, Yegane M, Javaremi AN, Berg P (2010) Response to selection and genetic parameters of body and carcass weights in Japanese quail selected for 4- week body weight. Poult Sci 89: 1834-1841.

Koenen ME, Boonstra-Blom AG, Jeurissen SH (2002) Immunological differences between layer and broiler-type chickens. Vet Immun Im-munopathol 89: 47-56.

Li Z, Nestor KE, Saif YM, Anderson JW, Patterson RA (2001) Effect of selection for increased body weight in turkeys on lymphoid organ weights, phagocytosis, and antibody responses to fowl cholera and Newcastle disease-inactivated vaccines. Poult Sci 80: 689-694.

Mohammed MS, Gupta BR, Narasimha RG, Rajasekhar RA (2006) Genetic evaluation of the performance of Japanese quails. Indian J Poult Sci 41: 129-133.

Narinç D, Aksoy T (2012) Effects of mass selection based on phenotype and early feed restriction on the performance and carcass characteris-tics in Japanese quails. Kafkas Uni Vet Fak Derg 18: 425-430.

Nestor K, Bacon WL (1982) Divergent selection for body weight and yolk precursor in Cotournix cotournix Japonica. 3. Correlated responses in mortality, reproduction traits and adult body weight. Poult Sci 61: 2137-2142.

Parks JR (1971) Phenomenology of animal growth. NC State Univ, Raleigh.

Paxton H, Anthony NB, Corr SA, Hutchison JR (2010) The effects of selective breeding on the architectural properties of the pelvic limb in broiler chickens: a comparative study across modern and ancestral populations. J Anat 217: 153-166.

Paxton H, Daley MA, Corr SA, Hutchinson JR (2013) The gait dynamics of the modern broiler chicken: a cautionary tale of selective breed-ing. J Exp Biol 216: 3237-3248.

Pym RAE (1990) Nutritional genetics. In: Poultry breeding and genetics. Crawford RD, Elsevier Amsterdam, pp 209-237.

Rauw WM (2012) Immune response from a resource allocation perspective. Front Genet 3: 267.

Van der Most PJ, De Jong B, Parmentier HK, Verhulst S (2011) Trade-off between growth and immune function: a meta analysis of selection experiments. Funct Ecol 25: 74-80.

Aitken RJ, Nixon B, Lin M, Koppers AJ, Lee YH, Baker MA (2007) Proteomic changes in mammalian spermatozoa during epididymal mat-uration. Asian J Androl 9: 554-564.

Arroteia KF, Barbieri MF, Souza GH, Tanaka H, Eberlin MN, Hyslop S, Alvares LE, Pereira LA (2014) Albumin is synthesized in epididy-mis and aggregates in a high molecular mass glycoprotein complex involved in sperm-egg fertilization. PLoS One 9: e103566.

Baker MA, Witherdin R, Hetherington L, Cunningham-Smith K, Aitken RJ (2005) Identification of post-translational modifications that occur during sperm maturation using difference in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteomics 5: 1003-1012.

Bensadoun A, Weinstein D (1976) Assay of proteins in the presence of interfering materials. Anal Biochem 70: 241-250.

Bridges D, Moorhead GB (2005) 14-3-3 proteins: a number of functions for a numbered protein. Sci STKE 2005 (296): re10.

Bustos DM, Iglesias AA (2003) Phosphorylated non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from heterotrophic cells of wheat interacts with 14-3-3 proteins. Plant Physiol 133: 2081-2088.

Candiano G, Bruschi M, Musante L, Santucci L, Ghiggeri GM, Carnemolla B, Orecchia P, Zardi L, Righetti PG (2004) Blue silver: A very sensitive colloidal Coomassie G-250 staining for proteome analysis. Electrophoresis 25: 1327-1333.

Cornwall GA (2009) New insights into epididymal biology and function. Hum Reprod Update 15: 213-227

Cornwall GA (2014) Role of posttranslational protein modifications in epididymal sperm maturation and extracellular quality control, in: Sutovsky, P. (ed.), Posttranslational protein modifications in the reproductive system. Adv Exp Med Biol 759.

Curry E, Safranski TJ, Pratt SL (2011) Differential expression of porcine sperm microRNAs and their association with sperm morphology and motility. Theriogenology 76: 1532-1539.

Dacheux JL, Belleannée C, Jones R, Labas V, Belghazi M, Guyonnet B, Druart X, Gatti JL, Dacheux F. (2009) Mammalian epididymal proteome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 306: 45-50.

de Souza AP, Schorr-Lenz AM, Lucca F, Bustamante-Filho IC (2017) The epididymis and its role on sperm quality and male fertility. Anim Reprod 14: 1234-1244.

Fouchecourt S, Metayer S, Locatelli A, Dacheux F, Dacheux JL (2000) Stallion epididymal fluid proteome: qualitative and quantitative char-acterization; secretion and dynamic changes of major proteins. Biol Reprod 62: 1790-1803.

Fournier-Delpech S, Courot M, Dubois MP (1985) Decreased fertility and motility of spermatozoa from rats immunized with a prealbumin epididymal-specific glycoprotein. J Androl 6: 246-250.

Francou MM, Hombrebueno JR, De Juan J (2012) Identification and cellular location of glutamine synthetase in human sperm. Cell Tissue Res 350: 183-187.

Goncharov T, Niessen K, de Almagro MC, Izrael-Tomasevic A, Fedorova AV, Varfolomeev E Arnott D, Deshayes K, Kirkpatrick DS, Vucic D (2013) OTUB1 modulates c-IAP1 stability to regulate signalling pathways. EMBO J 32: 1103-1114.

Guyonnet B, Dacheux F, Dacheux JL, Gatti JL (2011) The epididymal transcriptome and proteome provide some insights into new epidid-ymal regulations. J Androl 32: 651-664.

Humphreys DT, Carver JA, Easterbrook-Smith SB, Wilson MR (1999) Clusterin has chaperone-like activity similar to that of small heat shock proteins. J Biol Chem 274: 6875-6881.

Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680-685.

Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265-275.

Matt P, Fu.Z, Carrel T, Huso DL, Dirnhofer S, Lefkovits I, Zerkowski HR, Van Eyk JE (2007) Proteomic alterations in heat shock protein 27 and identification of phosphoproteins in ascending aortic aneurysm associated with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve. J Mol Cell Cardiol 43: 792-801.

Mohanarao GJ, Atreja SK (2011) Identification of capacitation associated tyrosine phosphoproteins in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 123: 40-47.

Moura AA, Souza CE, Stanley BA, Chapman DA, Killian GJ (2010) Proteomics of cauda epididymal fluid from mature Holstein bulls. J Proteomics 73: 2006-2020

Puri P, Acker-Palmer A, Stahler R, Chen Y, Kline D, Vijayaraghavan S (2011) Identification of testis 14-3-3 binding proteins by tandem affinity purification. Spermatogenesis 1: 354-365.

Sawatpanich T, Arun S, Tongpan S, Chaichun A, Sampannang A, Sukhorum W, Maneenin C, Burawat J, Iamsaard S (2018) Localization and changes of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins and ß actin in epididymis of rats treated with valproic acid. Int J Morphol 36: 835-840.

Shisheva A, Sudhof TC, Czech MP (1994) Cloning, characterization and expression of a novel GDP dissociation inhibitor isoform from skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Biol 14: 3459-3468.

Skerget S, Rosenow MA, Petritis K, Karr TL (2015) Sperm proteome maturation in the mouse epididymis. PLoS One 2015 10: e0140650.

Sostaric E, Aalberts M, Gadella BM, Stout TA (2008) The roles of the epididymis and prostasomes in the attainment of fertilizing capacity by stallion sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 107: 237-248.

Tomlins AM, Foxall PJ, Lynch MJ, Parkinson J, Everett JR, Nicholson JK (1998) High resolution 1H NMR spectroscopic studies on dy-namic biochemical processes in incubated human seminal fluid samples. Biochim Biophys Acta 1379: 367-380.

Turner RM (2006) Moving to the beat: a review of mammalian sperm motility regulation Reprod Fertil Dev 18: 25-38.

Wakabayashi H, Matsumoto H, Hashimoto K, Teraguchi S, Takase M, Hayasawa H (1999) Inhibition of iron/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxi-dation by an N-terminal peptide of bovine lactoferrin and its acylated derivatives. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 63: 955-957.

Yi YJ, Sutovsky M, Kennedy C, Sutovsky P (2012a) Identification of the inorganic pyrophosphate metabolizing, ATP substituting pathway in mammalian spermatozoa. PLoS One 7: e34524.

Yi YJ, Zimmerman SW, Manandhar G, Odhiambo JF, Kennedy C, Jonakova V, Maňásková-Postlerová P, Sutovsky M, Park CS, Sutovsky P (2012b) Ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UBA1) is required for sperm capacitation, acrosomal exocytosis and sperm-egg coat penetration during porcine fertilization. Int J Androl 35: 196-210.

Zhang XG, Hong JY, Yan GJ, Wang YF, Li QW, Hu JH (2015) Association of heat shock protein 70 with motility of frozen-thawed sperm in bulls. Czech J Anim Sci 60: 256-262.

Abbas T, Wilking H, Horeth-Bontgen D, Conraths FJ (2012) Contact structure and potential risk factors for avian influenza transmission among open-sided chicken farms in Kamalia, an important poultry rearing area of Pakistan. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 125: 110-116.

Akhtar S, Zahid S (1995) Risk indicators for Newcastle disease outbreaks in broiler flocks in Pakistan. Prev Vet Med 22: 61-69.

Alexander DJ (2000) Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses. Rev Sci Tech 19: 443-55.

Alexander DJ (2001) Newcastle disease. Br Poult Sci 42: 5-22.

Ali M, Muneer B, Hussain Z, Rehmani SF, Yaqub T, Naeem M (2014) Evaluation of efficacy of killed and commercially available live New-castle disease vaccine in broiler chickens in Pakistan. J Anim Plant Sci 24: 1663-1667.

GOP (2020) Economic of Survey Pakistan 2019-2020 Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.

Badubi SS, Ravindran V, Reid J (2004) A survey of small-scale broiler production systems in Botswana. Trop Anim Health Prod 36: 823-834.

Chaudhry M, Rashid HB, Thrusfield M, Welburn S, Bronsvoort BM (2015) A case-control study to identify risk factors associated with avian influenza subtype H9N2 on commercial poultry farms in Pakistan. PLoS One 10: e0119019.

Chukwudi, OE, Chukwuemeka ED, Mary U (2012) Newcastle disease virus shedding among healthy commercial chickens and its epidemio-logical importance. Pak Vet J 32: 354-356.

Cornax I, Miller PJ, Afonso CL (2012) Characterization of live LaSota vaccine strain-induced protection in chickens upon early challenge with a virulent Newcastle disease virus of heterologous genotype. Avian Dis 56: 464-470.

Dohoo I, Martin W, Stryhn H (2003) Veterinary epidemiologic research, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown.

East I, Kite V, Daniels P, Garner G (2006) A cross-sectional Survey of Australian chicken farms to identify risk factors associated with sero-positivity to Newcastle-disease virus. Prev Vet Med 77: 199-214.

Farooq M, Uddin Z, Durrani FR, Mian MA, Chand N, Ahmed J (2002) Prevalent diseases and overall mortality in Broilers. Pak Vet J 22: 111-115.

Gowthaman V, Singh SD, Dhama K, Ramakrishnan MA, Malik YP, Murthy TG, Chitra R, Munir M (2019) Co-infection of Newcastle disease virus genotype XIII with low pathogenic avian influenza exacerbates clinical outcome of Newcastle disease in vaccinated layer poultry flocks. VirusDisease 30: 441-452.

Hasni MS, Chaudhary M, Mushtaq MH, Durrani AZ, Rashid HB, Ali M, Ahmed M, Sattar H, Aqib AI, Zhang H (2021) Active surveillance and risk assessment of avian influenza virus subtype H9 from non-vaccinated commercial broilers of Pakistan. Braz J Poult Sci 23 (03).

Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL Morgenstem H (1982) Epidemiologic research: principles and quantitative methods. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York.

Kuhn JH, Adkins S, Alioto D (2020) Taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Buniyavirales and Mononegavirales. Arch Virol. 165: 3023-3072.

Lee SM, Cho ES, Choi BH, Son HY (2013) Clinical and pathological studies on co-infection of low pathogenic avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus in the chicken. Korean J Vet Serv 36: 163-169.

Leibler JH, Carone M, Silbergeld EK (2010) Contribution of Company Affiliation and Social Contacts to Risk Estimates of Between-Farm Transmission of Avian Influenza. Plos One 5: e9888.

Mayo MA (2002) A summary of taxonomic changes recently approved by ICTV. Arch Virol. 147: 1655-1663.

Munir MT, Chowdhury MR, Ahmed Z (2016) Emergence of new sub-genotypes of Newcastle disease virus in Pakistan. J Avian Res 2: 1-7.

Musa IW, Abdu PA, Sackey, AKB, Oladele SB, Lawal S, Yakubu IU (2010) Outbreak of Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle disease in Broilers. Int J Poult Sci 9: 1116-1119.

Sadiq MA, Nwanta J, Okolocha EC, Tijjani A (2011) Retrospective (2000-2009) Study of Newcastle disease (ND) cases in avian species in Maiduguri, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria. Int J Poult Sci 10: 76-81.

Sen S, Shane SM, Scholl DT, Hugh-Jones ME, Gillespie JM (1998) Evaluation of alternative strategies to prevent Newcastle disease in Cambodia. Pre Vet Med 35: 283-295.

Shankar BP (2008) Common Respiratory Diseases of Poultry. Vet World 1: 217-219.

Akcay E, Reilas T, Andersson M, Katila T (2006) Effect of seminal plasma fractions on stallion sperm survival after cooled storage. J Vet Med A 53: 481-485.

Amann RP, Cristanelli MJ, Squires EL (1985) Proteins in stallion seminal plasma. J Reprod Fertil 35: 113-120.

Argañaraz ME, Apichela SA, Zampini R, Vencato J, Stelletta C (2015) Biochemical and Protein Profile of Alpaca (V icugna pacos) Uterine Horn Fluid During Early Pregnancy. Reprod Domest Anim 50: 121-128.

Ball BA, Gravance CG, Wessel MT, Sabeur K (2003) Activity of Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in reproductive tissues of the stal-lion and effects of angiotensin II on sperm motility. Theriogenology 59: 901-914.

Brandon CI, Heussner GL, Caudle AB, Fayrer-Hosken RA (1999) Two-dimensional polyacrylamid electrophoresis of equine seminal plasma proteins and their correlation with fertility. Theriogenology 52: 863-873.

Calvete JJ, Mann K, Schafer W, Sanz L, Reinert M, Nessau S, Raida M, Töpfer-Petersen E. (1995) Amino acid sequence of HSP-1, a major protein of stallion seminal plasma: effect of glycosylation on its heparin- and gelatin-binding capabilities. Biochem J 310: 615-622.

Calvete JJ, Nessau S, Mann K, Sanz L, Sieme H, Klug E, Töpfer-Petersen E (1994) Isolation and Biochemical characterization of stallion seminal-plasma proteins. Reprod Domest Anim 29: 411-426.

Carver DA, Ball BA (2002) Lipase activity in stallion seminal plasma and the effect of lipase on stallion spermatozoa during storage at 5 de-grees C. Theriogenology 58: 1587-1595.

Champion ZJ, Vickers MH, Gravance CG, Breier BH, Casey PJ (2002) Growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor-I extends longevity of equine spermatozoa in vitro. Theriogenology 57: 1793-1800.

Cross NL (2003) Decrease in order of human sperm lipids during capacitation. Biol Reprod 69: 529-534.

Costello LC, Franklin R.B. (1991) Concepts of citrate production and secretion by prostate 1. Metabolic relationships. The Prostate 18: 25-46.

Da Ros VG, Maldera JA, Willis WD, Cohen DJ, Goulding EH, Gelman DM, Cuasnicu PS (2008) Impaired sperm fertilizing ability in mice lacking Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein 1 (CRISP1). Dev Biol, 320: 12-18.

Da Ros VG, Muñoz MW, Battistone MA, Brukman NG, Carvajal G, Curci L, Cuasnicu PS (2015) From the epididymis to the egg: participa-tion of CRISP proteins in mammalian fertilization. Asian J Androl 17: 711-715.

Dias AJ, Maia MS, Retamal CA, Lopez ML (2004) Identification and partial characterization of alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity in equine epi-didymal fluid. Theriogenology 61: 1545-1558.

Doty A, Buhi WC, Benson S, Scoggin KE, Pozor M, Macpherson M, Troedsson MH (2011) Equine CRISP3 modulates interaction between spermatozoa and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Biol Reprod 85: 157-164.

Druart X, De Graaf S (2018) Seminal plasma proteomes and sperm fertility. Anim Reprod Sci 194: 33-40

Gadella BM, Harrison RA (2002) Capacitation induces cyclic adenosine 3,5-mono-phosphate-dependent, but apoptosis-unrelated, exposure of amino-phospholipids at the apical head plasma membrane of boar sperm cells. Biol Reprod 67: 340-50.

Gebauer MR, Pickett BW, Faulkner LC, Remenga EE, Berndtson WE (1976) Reproductive physiology of the stallion. Chemical characteris-tics of seminal plasma and spermatozoa. J Anim Sci 43: 628-632.

Garcia B, González-Fernández L, Loux SC, Rocha AM, Guimarães T, Pena F.J, Hinrichs K (2015) Effect of calcium, bicarbonate, and albu-min on capacitation-related events in equine sperm. Reproduction 149: 87-99.

Huang YL, Tseng WC, Cheng SY, Lin TH (2007) Trace elements and lipid peroxidation in human seminal plasma. Biol Trace Elem Res 76: 207–215.

Inagaki M, Kikuchi M, Orino K, Ohnami Y, Watanabe K (2002) Purification and quantification of lactoferrin in equine seminal plasma. J Vet Med Sci 64: 75-77.

Jobim MI, Oberst ER, Salbego CG, Souza DO, Wald VB, Tramontina F, Mattos RC (2004) Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of bovine seminal plasma proteins and their relation with semen freezability. Theriogenology 61: 255-266.

Jobim MI, Oberst ER, Salbego CG, Wald VB, Horn AP, Mattos RC (2005) BSP A1/A2-like proteins in ram seminal plasma. Theriogenology 63: 2053-2062.

Kareskoski AM, Sankari S, Johannisson A, Kindahl H, Andersson M, Katila T (2011) The association of the presence of seminal plasma and its components with sperm longevity in fractionated stallion ejaculates. Reprod Domest Anim 46: 1073-1081.

Kikuchi M, Mizoroki S, Kubo T, Ohiwa Y, Kubota M, Yamada N, Orino K, Ohnami Y Watanabe K (2003) Seminal plasma lactoferrin but not transferrin reflects gonadal function in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 65: 679-684.

Kosiniak K (1975) Characteristics of the successive jets of ejaculated semen of stallions.” J Reprod Fertil (Suppl) 23: 59-61.

Kosiniak K (1980) The role of the accessory gland secretions during the ejaculate production in stallions. Acta Agrar Silvestria Ser Zootech 2: 75-86.

Kosiniak K, Bittmar A (1981) Biochemical components of stallion seminal plasma before and after the breeding season. Anim Reprod Sci 4: 39-47.

Lackey BR, Gray SL, Henricks DM (2002) Measurement of leptin and insulin-like growth factor-I in seminal plasma from different species. Physiol Res 51: 309-311.

Mann T (1964) The Biochemistry of Semen and of the Male Reproductive Tract, 2nd ed., Methuen & Co press, London, pp 334-337

Mann T (1974) Secretory function of the prostate, seminal vesicle and other male accessory organs of reproduction. J Reprod Fertil 37: 179-188.

Mann T (1975) Biochemistry of stallion semen. J Reprod Fertil (Suppl) 23: 47-52.

Melotti C, Parente R, Di Stasio D, Vitali G, Basunti G, Marchese S, Di Marzio G (1996) Citric acid and fructose seminal plasma concentra-tions and semen characteristics in the stallion. Bioch Clin 20: 90-97.

Novak S, Smith TA, Paradis F, Burwash L, Dyck MK, Foxcroft GR, Dixon WT (2010). Biomarkers of in vivo fertility in sperm and seminal plasma of fertile stallions. Theriogenology 74: 956-967.

Pandy VK, Parmeshwaran M, Soman SD, Dacosta JC (1983) Concentrations of morphologically normal, motile spermatozoa: Mg, Ca and Zn in the semen of infertile men. Sci Total Environ 27: 49-52.

Pesch S, Bergmann M, Bostedt H (2006) Determination of some enzymes and macro-and microelements in stallion seminal plasma and their correlations to semen quality. Theriogenology 66: 307-313.

Pickett BW, Sullivan JJ, Seidel GE Jr (1975) Reproductive physiology of the stallion. V. Effect of frequency of ejaculation on seminal char-acteristics and spermatozoal output. J Anim Sci 40: 917-923.

Restrepo G, Rojano, B, Usuga A (2019). Relationship of cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 gene and protein with semen quality in stallions. Reprod Domest Anim 54: 39-45.

Schambony A, Gentzel M, Wolfes H, Raida M, Neumann U, Töpfer-Petersen E (1998) Equine CRISP-3: primary structure and expression in the male genital tract. Biochim Biophys Acta 1387: 206-216.

Sieber F (1987) Merocyanine 540. Photochem Photobiol 46: 1035-1042.

Stanwell-Smith R, Thompson SG, Haines AP, Ward RJ, Cashmore G, Stedronska J, Hendry W F (1983) A comparative study of zinc, cop-per, cadmium, and lead levels in fertile and infertile men. Fertil Steril 40: 670-677.

Strzezek J, Wysocki P, Kordan W, Kuklinska M, Mogielnicka M, Soliwoda D, Fraser L (2005) Proteomics of boar seminal plasma-current studies and possibility of their application in biotechnology of animal reproduction. Reprod Biol 5: 279-290.

Talluri TR, Mal G, Ravi SK (2017) Biochemical components of seminal plasma and their correlation to the fresh seminal characteristics in Marwari stallions and Poitou jacks. Vet World 10: 214-220.

Tischner M, Kosiniak K, Bielanski W (1974) Analysis of the pattern of ejaculation in stallions. J Reprod Fertil 41: 329-335.

Töpfer-Petersen E, Ekhlasi-Hundrieser M, Kirchhoff C, Leeb T, Sieme H (2005) The role of stallion seminal proteins in fertilisation. Anim Reprod Sci 89: 159-170.

Usuga A, Rojano B, Restrepo G (2017) Effect of seminal plasma components on the quality of fresh and cryopreserved stallion semen. J Equine Vet Sci 58: 103-111.

Varner DD, Schumacher J, Blanchard T, Johnson L (1991) Breeding soundness examination. In: Diseases and management of breeding stallions. American Veterinary Publications, pp 61-96.

Von Fellenberg R, Zweifel HR, Grunig G, Pellegrini A (1985) Proteinase inhibitors of horse seminal plasma. A high molecular mass, ac-id-soluble proteinase inhibitor. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 366: 705-712.

Wong WY, Flik G, Groenen PM, Swinkels DW, Thomas CM, Copius-Peereboom JH, Steegers-Theunissen RP (2001) The impact of calcium, magnesium, zinc, and copper in blood and seminal plasma on semen parameters in men. Reprod Toxicol 15: 131-136.

Bennett AL, Williams LE, Ferguson MW, Hauck ML, Suter SE, Lanier CB, Hess PR (2017) Canine acute leukaemia: 50 cases (1989-2014). Vet Comp Oncol 15: 1101-1114.

Brown WA, Farmer KC, Skinner SA, Malcontenti-Wilson C, Misajon A, O’Brien PE (2000) 5-aminosalicyclic acid and olsalazine inhibit tumor growth in a rodent model of colorectal cancer. Dig Dis Sci 45: 1578-1584.

Campbell DE, Berglindh T (1988) Pharmacology of olsalazine. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 148: 7-12.

Choi JS, Kim KH, Jeon YK, Kim SH, Jang SG, Ku JL, Park JG (2009) Promoter hypermethylation of the ADAM23 gene in colorectal cancer cell lines and cancer tissues. Int J Cancer 124: 1258-1262.

Eden A, Gaudet F, Waghmare A, Jaenisch R (2003) Chromosomal instability and tumors promoted by DNA hypomethylation. Science 300: 455.

Figueroa ME, Skrabanek L, Li Y, Jiemjit A, Fandy TE, Paietta E, Fernandez H, Tallman MS, Greally JM, Carraway H, Licht JD (2009) MDS and secondary AML display unique patterns and abundance of aberrant DNA methylation. Blood 114: 3448-3458.

Flicek P, Amode MR, Barrell D, Beal K, Billis K, Brent S, Carvalho-Silva D, Clapham P, Coates G, Fitzgerald S, Gil L, Girón CG, Gordon L, Hourlier T, Hunt S, Johnson N, Juettemann T, Kähäri AK, Keenan S, Kulesha E, Martin FJ, Maurel T, McLaren WM, Murphy DN, Nag R, Overduin B, Pignatelli M, Pritchard B, Pritchard E, Riat HS, Ruffier M, Sheppard D, Taylor K, Thormann A, Trevanion SJ, Vullo A, Wilder SP, Wilson M, Zadissa A, Aken BL, Birney E, Cunningham F, Harrow J, Herrero J, Hubbard TJ, Kinsella R, Muffato M, Parker A, Spudich G, Yates A, Zerbino DR, Searle SM (2014) Ensembl 2014. Nucleic Acids Res 42: D749-755.

Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Goto-Koshino Y, Mochizuki H, Sato M, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H (2014) Inhibition of p16 tumor suppressor gene expression via promoter hypermethylation in canine lymphoid tumor cells. Res Vet Sci 97: 60-63.

Gardiner-Garden M, Frommer M (1987) CpG islands in vertebrate genomes. J Mol Biol 196: 261-282.

Grovdal M, Karimi M, Tobiasson M, Reinius L, Jansson M, Ekwall K, Ungerstedt J, Kere J, Greco D, Hellström-Lindberg E (2014) Aza-citidine induces profound genome-wide hypomethylation in primary myelodysplastic bone marrow cultures but may also reduce histone acety-lation. Leukemia 28: 411-413.

Hahn NM, Bonney PL, Dhawan D, Jones DR, Balch C, Guo Z, Hartman-Frey C, Fang F, Parker HG, Kwon EM, Ostrander EA, Nephew KP, Knapp DW (2012) Subcutaneous 5-azacitidine treatment of naturally occurring canine urothelial carcinoma: a novel epigenetic approach to human urothelial carcinoma drug development. J Urol 187: 302-309.

Harman RM, Curtis TM, Argyle DJ, Coonrod SA, Van de Walle GR (2016) A Comparative Study on the In Vitro Effects of the DNA Me-thyltransferase Inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) in Breast/Mammary Cancer of Different Mammalian Species. J Mammary Gland Biol Neo-plasia 21: 51-66.

Herman JG, Latif F, Weng Y, Lerman MI, Zbar B, Liu S, Samid D, Duan DS, Gnarra JR, Linehan WM (1991) Silencing of the VHL tu-mor-suppressor gene by DNA methylation in renal carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 9700-9704.

Hogg SJ, Beavis PA, Dawson MA, Johnstone RW (2020) Targeting the epigenetic regulation of antitumour immunity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 19: 776-800.

Hosoya K, Kisseberth WC, Lord LK, Alvarez FJ, Lara-Garcia A, Kosarek CE, London CA, Couto CG (2007) Comparison of COAP and UW-19 protocols for dogs with multicentric lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 21: 1355-1363.

Ishizaki T, Yamazaki J, Meagawa S, Yokoyama N, Aoshima K, Takiguchi M, Kimura T (2020) Long interspersed nucleotide element-1 hy-pomethylation in canine malignant mucosal melanoma. Vet Comp Oncol 18: 854-860.

Malewska K, Rychlik A, Nieradka R, Kander M (2011) Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs and cats. Pol J Vet Sci 14: 165-171.

Mehdipour P, Murphy T, De Carvalho DD (2020) The role of DNA-demethylating agents in cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 205: 107416.

Mendez-Lucio O, Tran J, Medina-Franco JL, Meurice N, Muller M (2014) Toward drug repurposing in epigenetics: olsalazine as a hypo-methylating compound active in a cellular context. Chem Med Chem 9: 560-565.

Merlo A, Herman JG, Mao L, Lee DJ, Gabrielson E, Burger PC, Baylin SB, Sidransky D (1995) 5’ CpG island methylation is associated with transcriptional silencing of the tumour suppressor p16/CDKN2/MTS1 in human cancers. Nat Med 1: 686-692.

Mohammad HP, Barbash O, Creasy CL (2019) Targeting epigenetic modifications in cancer therapy: erasing the roadmap to cancer. Nat Med 25: 403-418.

Moore AS (2016) Treatment of T cell lymphoma in dogs. Vet Rec 179: 277.

Murray A, Nguyen TM, Parker CE, Feagan BG, MacDonald JK (2020) Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 8: CD000544.

Noushmehr H, Weisenberger DJ, Diefes K, Phillips HS, Pujara K, Berman BP, Pan F, Pelloski CE, Sulman EP, Bhat KP, Verhaak RG, Hoadley KA, Hayes DN, Perou CM, Schmidt HK, Ding L, Wilson RK, Van Den Berg D, Shen H, Bengtsson H, Neuvial P, Cope LM, Buckley J, Herman JG, Baylin SB, Laird PW, Aldape K; Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2010) Identification of a CpG island methylator phenotype that defines a distinct subgroup of glioma. Cancer Cell 17: 510-522.

Ohta H, Yamazaki J, Jelinek J, Ishizaki T, Kagawa Y, Yokoyama N, Nagata N, Sasaki N, Takiguchi M (2020) Genome-wide DNA methyla-tion analysis in canine gastrointestinal lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 82: 632-638.

Pawlak A, Rapak A, Zbyryt I, Obminska-Mrukowicz B (2014) The effect of common antineoplastic agents on induction of apoptosis in ca-nine lymphoma and leukemia cell lines. In Vivo 28: 843-850.

Pera B, Tang T, Marullo R, Yang SN, Ahn H, Patel J, Elstrom R, Ruan J, Furman R, Leonard J, Cerchietti L, Martin P (2016) Combinatorial epigenetic therapy in diffuse large B cell lymphoma pre-clinical models and patients. Clin Epigenetics 8: 79.

Ribeiro ML, Reyes-Garau D, Armengol M, Fernandez-Serrano M, Roue G (2019) Recent Advances in the Targeting of Epigenetic Regulators in B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Genet 10: 986.

Rose M, Schubert C, Dierichs L, Gaisa NT, Heer M, Heidenreich A, Knüchel R, Dahl E (2014) OASIS/ /CREB3L1 is epigenetically silenced in human bladder cancer facilitating tumor cell spreading and migration in vitro. Epigenetics 9: 1626-1640.

Ryde EM, Ahnfelt NO (1988) The pharmacokinetics of olsalazine sodium in healthy volunteers after a single i.v. dose and after oral doses with and without food. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 34: 481-488.

Shaffer JM, Smithgall TE (2009) Promoter methylation blocks FES protein-tyrosine kinase gene expression in colorectal cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 48: 272-284.

Takeshima H, Yoda Y, Wakabayashi M, Hattori N, Yamashita S, Ushijima T. (2020) Low-dose DNA demethylating therapy induces repro-gramming of diverse cancer-related pathways at the single-cell level. Clin Epigenetics 12: 142.

Tobiasson M, Abdulkadir H, Lennartsson A, Katayama S, Marabita F, De Paepe A, Karimi M, Krjutskov K, Einarsdottir E, Grövdal M, Jansson M, Ben Azenkoud A, Corddedu L, Lehmann S, Ekwall K, Kere J, Hellström-Lindberg E, Ungerstedt J (2017) Comprehensive map-ping of the effects of azacitidine on DNA methylation, repressive/permissive histone marks and gene expression in primary cells from patients with MDS and MDS-related disease. Oncotarget 8: 28812-28825.

Tomar T, de Jong S, Alkema NG, Hoekman RL, Meersma GJ, Klip HG, van der Zee AG, Wisman GB (2016) Genome-wide methylation profiling of ovarian cancer patient-derived xenografts treated with the demethylating agent decitabine identifies novel epigenetically regulated genes and pathways. Genome Med 8: 107.

Tomiyasu H, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H (2014) Antitumour effect and modulation of expression of the ABCB1 gene by perifosine in canine lymphoid tumour cell lines. Vet J 201: 83-90.

Tomiyasu H, Goto-Koshino Y, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H (2014) Epigenetic regulation of the ABCB1 gene in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant lymphoid tumour cell lines obtained from canine patients. Vet J 199: 103-109.

Valerius KD, Ogilvie GK, Mallinckrodt CH, Getzy DM (1997) Doxorubicin alone or in combination with asparaginase, followed by cyclo-phosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone for treatment of multicentric lymphoma in dogs: 121 cases (1987-1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc 210: 512-516.

Yamazaki J, Jelinek J, Hisamoto S, Tsukamoto A, Inaba M (2018) Dynamic changes in DNA methylation patterns in canine lymphoma cell lines demonstrated by genome-wide quantitative DNA methylation analysis. Vet J 231: 48-54.

Amaya DB (2004) Harvestplus handbook for carotenoids analysis. International Food Policy Research Institute and International Center for Tropical Agriculture, USA.

An BK, Choo WD, Kang CW, Lee J, Lee KW (2019) Effects of dietary lycopene or tomato paste on laying performance and serum lipids in laying hens and on malondialdehyde content in egg yolk upon storage. J Poult Sci 56: 52-57.

Barbosa VC, Gaspar A, Calixto L, Agostinho TS (2011) Stability of the pigmentation of egg yolks enriched with omega-3 and carophyll stored at room temperature and under refrigeration. Rev Bras Zootec 40: 1540-1544.

Basmacioglu H, Ergul M (2005) Research on the factor affecting cholesterol content and some other characteristics of eggs in laying hens. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 29: 157-164.

Camera E, Mastrofrancesco A, Fabbri C, Daubrawa F, Picardo M, Sies H, Stahl W (2009) Astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and beta-carotene differently affect UVA-induced oxidative damage and expression of oxidative stress-responsive enzymes. Exp Dermatol 18: 222-231.

Damaziak K, Marzec A, Riedel J, Szeliga J, Koczywas E, Cisneros F, Michalczuk M, Lukasiewicz M, Gozdowski D, Siennicka A, Kowalska H, Niemiec J, Lenart A (2018) Effect of dietary canthaxanthin and iodine on the production performance and egg quality of laying hens. Poult Sci 97: 4008-4019.

Gawecki K, Potkanmski A, Lipinska H (1977) Effect of carophyll yellow and carophyll red added to comercial feeds for laying hens on yolk colour and its stability during short-term refrigeration. Rocz Akad Rol w Pozn 94: 85-93.

Gervasi T, Pellizzeri V, Benameur Q, Gervasi C, Santini A, Cicero N, Dugo G (2017) Valorization of raw materials from agricultural industry for astaxanthin and beta-carotene production by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. Nat Prod Res 32: 1554-1561.

Harada F, Morikawa T, Lennikov A, Mukwaya A, Schaupper M, Uehara O, Takai R, Yoshida K, Sato J, Horie Y, Sakaguchi H, Wu CZ, Abiko Y, Lagali N, Kitaichi N (2017) Protective effects of oral astaxanthin nanopowder against ultraviolet-induced photokeratitis in mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017: 1956104.

Heflin LE, Malheiros R, Anderson KE, Johnson LK, Raatz SK (2018) Mineral content of eggs differs with hen strain, age, and rearing envi-ronment. Poult Sci 97: 1605-1613.

Honda M, Kawashima Y, Hirasawa K, Uemura T, Jinkun S, Hayashi Y (2020) Possibility of using astaxanthin-rich dried cell powder from Paracoccus carotinifaciens to improve egg yolk pigmentation of laying hens. Symmetry 12: 923.

Hrabčáková P, Voslářová E, Bedáňová I, Pištěková V, Chloupek J, Večerek V (2014) Haematological and biochemical parameters during the laying period in common pheasant hens housed in enhanced cages Sci World J 2014: 364602.

Hwang Y, Kim KJ, Kim SJ, Mun SK, Hong SG, Son YJ, Yee ST (2018) Suppression effect of astaxanthin on osteoclast formation in vitro and bone loss in vivo. Int J Mol Sci 19: 912.

Inoue Y, Shimazawa M, Nagano R, Kuse Y, Takahashi K, Tsuruma K, Hayashi M, Ishibashi T, Maoka T, Hara H (2017) Astaxanthin ana-logs, adonixanthin and lycopene, activate Nrf2 to prevent light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. J Pharmacol Sci 134: 147-157.
Jiang H, Wang Z, Ma Y, Qu Y, Lu X, Luo H (2015) Effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on plasma lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in feedlot Bamei lamb. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 28: 958-965.

Kobori M, Takahashi Y, Sakurai M, Ni Y, Chen G, Nagashimada M, Kaneko S, Ota T (2017) Hepatic transcriptome profiles of mice with diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis treated with astaxanthin and vitamin E. Int J Mol Sci 18: 593.

Komatsu T, Sasaki S, Manabe Y, Hirata T, Sugawara T (2017) Preventive effect of dietary astaxanthin on UVA-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice. PLoS One 12: e0171178.

Koppel K, Suwonsichon S, Chitra U, Lee J, Chambers IV E (2014) Eggs and poultry purchase, storage, and preparation practices of consum-ers in selected Asian countries. Foods 3: 110-127.

Koppel K, Timberg L, Shalimov R, Vazquez-Araujo L, Carbonell-Barrachina AA, Donfrancesco BD, Chambers E (2015) Purchase, storage, and preparation of eggs and poultry in selected European countries: a preliminary study. Br Food J 117: 749-765.
Lu Y, Wang X, Feng J, Xie T, Si P, Wang W (2019) Neuroprotective effect of astaxanthin on newborn rats exposed to prenatal maternal seizures. Brain Res Bull 148: 63-69.

Mapelli-Brahm P, Corte-Real J, Melendez-Martinez AJ, Bohn T (2017) Bioaccessibility of phytoene and phytofluene is superior to other carotenoids from selected fruit and vegetable juices. Food Chem 229: 304-311.

Marounek M, Pebriansyah A (2018) Use of carotenoids in feed mixtures for poultry: a review. Agri Trop Subtrop 51: 107-111.

Mashhadi NS, Zakerkish M, Mohammadiasl J, Zarei M, Mohammadshahi M, Haghighizadeh MH (2018) Astaxanthin improves glucose metabolism and reduces blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 27: 341-346.

Mezbani A, Kavan BP, Kiani A, Masouri B (2020) Effect of dietary lycopene supplementation on growth performance, blood parameters and antioxidant enzymes status in broiler chickens. Livest Res Rural Dev 31: 12.

Miranda JM, Anton X, Redondo-Valbuena C, Roca-Saavedra P, Rodriguez JA, Lamas A, Franco CM, Cepeda A (2015) Egg and egg-derived foods: effects on human health and use as functional foods. Nutrients 7: 706-729.

Nimalaratne C, Schieber A, Wu J (2016) Effects of storage and cooking on the antioxidant capacity of laying hen eggs. Food Chem 194: 111-116.

Nishigaki I, Rajendran P, Venugopal R, Ekambaram G, Sakthisekaran D, Nishigaki Y (2010) Cytoprotective role of astaxanthin against gly-cated protein/iron chelate-induced toxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Phytother Res 24: 54-59.

Nolan JM, Meagher KA, Howard AN, Moran R, Thurnham DI, Beatty S (2016) Lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin content of eggs laid by hens supplemented with free and esterified xanthophylls. J Nutr Sci 5: e1.

Nys Y (2000) Dietary carotenoids and egg yolk coloration – a review. Arch Geflügelkd 64: 45-54.

Olson JB, Ward NE, Koutsos EA (2008) Lycopene incorporation into egg yolk and effects on laying hen immune function. Poult Sci 87: 2573-2580.

Omri B, Alloui N, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Aiello A, Romano R, Santini A, Abdouli H (2019) Egg yolk antioxidants profiles: effect of diet supplementation with linseeds and tomato-red pepper mixture before and after storage. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 8: 320.

Reboul E (2013) Absorption of vitamin A and carotenoids by the enterocyte: focus on transport proteins. Nutrients. 5: 3563-3581.

Reboul E, Richelle M, Perrot E, Desmoulins-Malezet C, Pirisi V, Borel P (2006) Bioaccessibility of carotenoids and vitamin e from their main dietary sources. J Agric Food Chem 54: 8749-8755.

Rissanen T, Voutilainen S, Nyyssönen K, Salonen JT (2002) Lycopene, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. Exp Biol Med (May-wood) 227: 900-907.

Ruhl R (2013) Non-pro-vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids in atopy development. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 161: 99-115.

Sahin K, Onderci M, Sahin N, Gursu MF, Khachik F, Kucuk O (2006) Effects of lycopene supplementation on antioxidant status, oxidative stress, performance and carcass characteristics in heat-stressed Japanese quail. J Therm Biol 31: 307-312.

Sahin N, Sahin K, Onderci M, Karatepe M, Smith MO, Kucuk O (2006) Effects of dietary lycopene and vitamin E on egg production, antiox-idant status and cholesterol levels in Japanese quail. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 19: 224-230.

Sila A, Ghlissi Z, Kamoun Z, Makni M, Nasri M, Bougatef A, Sahnoun Z (2015) Astaxanthin from shrimp by-products ameliorates nephrop-athy in diabetic rats. Eur J Nutr 54: 301-307.

Skibsted LH (2012) Carotenoids in antioxidant networks. Colorants or radical scavengers. J Agric Food Chem 60: 2409-2417.

Story EN, Kopec RE, Schwartz SJ, Harris GK (2010) An update on the health effects of tomato lycopene. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 1: 189-210.

Sun B, Ma J, Zhang J, Su L, Xie Q, Bi Y (2014) Lycopene regulates production performance, antioxidant capacity, and biochemical parame-ters in breeding hens. Czech J Anim Sci 59: 471-479.

Sun B, Ma J, Zhang J, Su L, Xie Q, Gao Y, Zhu J, Shu D, Bi Y (2014) Lycopene reduces the negative effects induced by lipopolysaccharide in breeding hens. Br Poult Sci 55: 628-634.

Sztretye M, Dienes B, Gönczi M, Czirják T, Csernoch L, Dux L, Szentesi P, Keller-Pintér A (2019) Astaxanthin: a potential mitochondri-al-targeted antioxidant treatment in diseases and with aging. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019: 3849692.

Vuilleumier JP (1969) The Roche Yolk Colour Fan: an instrument for measuring yolk colour. Poult Sci 48:767-779.

Yang YX, Kim YJ, Jin Z, Lohakare JD, Kim CH, Ohh SH, Lee SH, Choi JY, Chae BJ (2006) Effects of dietary supplementation of astaxan-thin on production performance, egg quality in layers and meat quality in finishing pigs. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 19: 1019-1025.

Yoo H, Bamdad F, Gujral N, Suh JW, Sunwoo H (2017) High hydrostatic pressure-assisted enzymatic treatment improves antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of phosvitin. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 18: 158-167.

Zdrojewicz Z, Herman M, Starostecka E (2016) Hen’s egg as a source of valuable biologically active substances. Postępy Hig Med Doświ-adczalnej 70: 751-759.

Albright JM, Dunn RC, Shults JA, Boe DM, Afshar M, Kovacs EJ (2016) Advanced Age Alters Monocyte and Macrophage Responses. Antioxid Redox Signal 25: 805-815.

Bartoskova A, Ondrackova P, Leva L, Vitasek R, Novotny R, Janosovska M, Faldyna M (2014) The effects of in vitro exposure to proges-terone and estradiol-17β on the activity of canine neutrophils. Vet Med 59: 202-209.

Bedouhène S, Moulti-Mati F, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Dang PM, El-Benna J (2017) Luminol-amplified chemiluminescence detects mainly su-peroxide anion produced by human neutrophils. Am J Blood Res 7: 41-48.

Bereshchenko O, Bruscoli S, Riccardi C (2018) Glucocorticoids, Sex Hormones, and Immunity. Front Immunol 9: 1332.

Burlikowska K, Bogusławska-Tryk M, Szymeczko R, Piotrowska A (2015) Haematological and biochemical blood parameters in horses used for sport and recreation. J Cent Eur Agric 16: 370-382.

Caldefie-Chézet F, Walrand S, Moinard C, Tridon A, Chassagne J, Vasson MP (2002) Is the neutrophil reactive oxygen species production measured by luminol and lucigenin chemiluminescence intra or extracellular? Comparison with DCFH-DA flow cytometry and cytochrome C reduction. Clin Chim Acta 319: 9–17.

Cywińska A, Wyszyńska Z, Górecka R, Szarska E, Witkowski L, Dziekan P, Winnicka A, Schollenberger A (2010) The effect of the 162 km endurance rideon equine peripheral blood neutrophil and lymphocyte functions. Pol J Vet Sci 13: 279-285.

Cywińska A, Turło A, Witkowski L, Szarska E, Winnicka A (2014) Changes in blood cytokine concentrations in horses after long-distance endurance rides. Med Weter 70: 568-571.

Doucet DR, Bonitz RP, Feinman R, Colorado I, Ramanathan M, Feketeova E, Condon M, Machiedo GW, Hauser CJ, Xu DZ, Deitch EA (2010) Estrogenic hormone modulation abrogates changes in red blood cell deformability and neutrophil activation in trauma hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma 68: 35-41.

Escribano BM, Castejón FM, Vivo R, Santisteban R, Agűera EI, Rubio MD (2005) Effects of training on phagocytic and oxidative metabo-lism of peripheral neutrophils in horses exercised in the aerobic-anaerobic transition area. Vet Res Commun 29: 149-158.

Forslid J, Hed J (1982) In vitro effect of hydrocortisone on the attachment and ingestion phases of immunoglobulin G- and complement com-ponent 3b-mediated phagocytosis by human neutrophils. Infect Immun 38: 811-816.

Frape D (2010) Equine nutrition and feeding. 4th ed., Oxford, UK John Wiley & Sons Ltd, pp 90-179.

Hughes DL, Richards RS, Lexis LA (2018) Using chemiluminescence to determine whole blood antioxidant capacity in rheumatoid arthritis and Parkinson’s disease patients. Luminescence 33: 764-770.

Hyyppä S (2005) Endocrinal responses in exercising horses. Livestock Prod Sci 92: 113-121.

Iranifam M (2014) Analytical applications of chemiluminescence methods for cancer detection and therapy. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chem-istry 59: 156-183.

Jimenez AM, Navas MJ (2002) Chemiluminescence Methods (Present and Future). Grasas y Aceites 53: 64-75.

Klink M, Bednarska K, Blus E, Kiełbik M, Sulowska Z (2012) Seasonal changes in activities of human neutrophils in vitro. Inflamm Res 61: 11-16.

Koenig JB, Hart J, Harris DM, Cruz AM, Bienzle D (2009) Evaluation of endotoxin activity in blood measured via neutrophil chemilumines-cence in healthy horses and horses with colic. Am J Vet Res 70: 1183-1186.

Korhonen PA, Lilius EM, Hyyppä S, Räsänen LA, Pösö AR (2000) Production of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils after repeated bouts of exercise in Standardbred trotters. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 47: 565-573.

Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Hymer WC, Nindl BC, Fragala MS (2020) Growth Hormone(s), Testosterone, Insulin-Like Growth Factors, and Cortisol: Roles and Integration for Cellular Development and Growth with Exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 11: 33.

Krumrych W, Wiśniewski E (2006) Influence of selected stimulators on chemiluminescence of peripheral blood neutrophils in horses. Med Weter 62: 204-206.

Krumrych W, Danek J (2012) Chemiluminescence of Peripheral Blood Neutrophils in Mares with Endometritis. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 56: 51-56.

Krumrych W, Skórzewski R, Malinowski E (2013) The effect of storage on whole blood chemiluminescence measurement of equine neutro-phils. Luminescence 28: 327-331.

Krumrych W, Gołda R, Gołyński M, Markiewicz H, Buzała M (2018) Effect of physical exercise on cortisol concentration and neutrophil oxygen metabolism in peripheral blood of horses. Ann Anim Sci 18: 53-68.

Lewkowicz P, Lauk-Puchala B, Banasik M, Gorańska N, Tchórzewski H (1999) A standarisation attempt of a measurment method of the whole blood chemiluminescency as a means to estimate human neutrophiles functions. Diagn Lab 35: 497-510. (In Polish with English ab-stract).

Li Z, Jiang H, Xie W, Zhang Z, Smrcka AV, Wu D (2000) Role of PLC-beta2 and – beta3 and PI3Kgamma in chemoattractant – mediated signal transduction. Science 287: 1046-1049.

Liburt NR, Adams AA, Betancourt A, Horohov DW, McKeever KH (2010) Exercise-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines in muscle and blood of horses. Equine Vet J Suppl 38: 280-288.

Marin DP, Bolin AP, de Cássia Santos Macedo R, Curi R, Otton R (2010) Testosterone suppresses oxidative stress in human neutrophils. Cell Biochem Funct 28: 394-402.

Martin EM, Till RL, Sheats MK, Jones SL (2017) Misoprostol Inhibits Equine Neutrophil Adhesion, Migration, and Respiratory Burst in an In Vitro Model of Inflammation. Front Vet Sci 4: 159.

McTaggart C, Yovich JV, Penhale J, Raidal SL (2001) A comparison of foal and adult horse neutrophil function using flow cytometric tech-niques. Res Vet Sci 71: 73-79.

Nelson RJ (2004) Seasonal immune function and sickness responses. Trends Immunol 25: 187-192.

Nieman DC, Wentz LM (2019) The compelling link between physical activity and the body’s defense system. J Sport Health Sci 8: 201-217.

Okunnu BM, Berg RE (2019) Neutrophils Are More Effective than Monocytes at Phagosomal Containment and Killing of Listeria mono-cytogenes. Immunohorizons 3: 573-584.

Ortega E (2003) Neuroendocrine mediators in the modulation of phagocytosis by exercise: physiological implications. Exerc Immunol Rev 9: 70-93.

Papp Z, Smits JE (2007) Validation and novel applications of the whole-blood chemiluminescence assay of innate immune function in wild vertebrates and domestic chickens. J Wildl Dis 43: 623-634.

Primary immunodeficiency diseases. Report of WHO Scientific Group (1997) Clin Exp Immunol 109 Suppl 1: 1-28.

Raidal SL, Love DN, Bailey GD, Rose RJ (2000) Effect of single bouts of moderate and high intensity exercise and training on equine pe-ripheral blood neutrophil function. Res Vet Sci 68: 141-146.

Robson PJ, Alston TD, Myburgh KH (2003) Prolonged suppression of the innate immune system in the horse following an 80 km endurance race. Equine Vet J 35: 133-137.

Shaw AC, Joshi S, Greenwood H, Panda A, Lord JM (2010) Aging of the innate immune system. Curr Opin Immunol 22: 507-513.

Siddiqi M, Garcia ZC, Stein DS, Denny TN, Spolarics Z (2001) Relationship between oxidative burst activity and CD11b expression in neu-trophils and monocytes from healthy individuals: effects of race and gender. Cytometry 46: 243-246.

Simpson RJ, Kunz H, Agha N, Graff R (2015) Exercise and the Regulation of Immune Functions. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 135: 355-380.

Szuster-Ciesielska A, Kandefer-Szerszeń M (2002) The influence of sex and age on serum catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity and production of O-2 and H2O2 by human blood neutrophils. Ann UMCS sect C Lublin – Polonia 57: 1-12.

Terra R, Gonçalves da Silva SA, Salerno Pinto V, Dutra PM (2012) Effect of exercise on the immune system: response, adaptation and cell signaling. Rev Bras Med Esporte 18: 208-214.

Walton RH, Lawson CA (2021) Equine Hematology. In: Walton RM, Cowell RL, Valenciano AC (eds) Equine Hematology, Cytology, and Clinical Chemistry. 2nd ed., Hoboken, USA, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, pp 9-26.

Wenisch C, Patruta S, Daxböck F, Krause R, Hörl W (2000) Effect of age on human neutrophil function. J Leukoc Biol 67: 40-45.

Yellon SM, Fagoaga OR, Nehlsen-Cannarella SL (1999) Influence of photoperiod on immune cell functions in the male Siberian hamster. Am J Physiol 276: R97-R102.

Ahangarpour A, Heidari H, Oroojan AA, Mirzavandi F, Nasr Esfehani K, Dehghan Mohammadi Z (2017) Antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of Arctium lappa root›s hydro-alcoholic extract on nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced type 2 model of diabetes in male mice. Avicenna J Phytomed 7: 169-179.

Bhinge SD, Hogade MG, Chavan C, Kumbhar M, Chature V (2010) In vitro anthelmintic activity of herb extract of Eclipta prostrate L. against Pheretima posthuma. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 3: 229-230.

Boregowda RS, Murali N, Udayashankar AC, Niranjana SR, Lund OS, Prakash HS (2019) Antifungal activity of Eclipta alba metabolites against sorghum pathogens. Plants 8: 72.

Buchmann K, Jensen PB, Kruse KD (2003) Effects of sodium percarbonate and garlic extract on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts and tomocysts: in vitro experiments. N Am J Aquac 65: 21-24.

Chan YS, Cheng LN, Wu JH, Chan E, Kwan YW, Lee SM, Leung GP, Yu PH, Chan SW (2011) A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock). Inflammopharmacology 19: 245-254.

Chaudhary H, Dhuna V, Singh J, Kamboj SS, Seshadri S (2011) Evaluation of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eclipta alba for its anticancer poten-tial: an in vitro study. J Ethnopharmacol 136: 363-367.

De Almeida AB, Luiz-Ferreira A, Cola M, Di Pietro Magri L, Batista LM, de Paiva JA, Trigo JR, Souza-Brito AR (2012) Anti-ulcerogenic mechanisms of the sesquiterpene lactone onopordopicrin-enriched fraction from Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae): role of somatostatin, gastrin, and endogenous sulfhydryls and nitric oxide. J Med Food 15: 378-383.

De Souza AR, Guedes AR, Rodriguez JM, Bombardelli MC, Corazza ML (2018) Extraction of Arctium lappa leaves using supercritical CO2+ethanol: Kinetics, chemical composition, and bioactivity assessments. J Supercrit Fluids 140: 137-146.

Dickerson H, Dawe D (1995) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Cryptocaryon irritans (Phylum Ciliophora). In: Woo PTK (ed) Fish diseases and disorders, vol 1. Protozoan and metazoan infections. CAB International, Wallingford.

Dos Santos AC, Baggio CH, Freitas CS, Lepieszynski J, Mayer B, Twardowschy A, Missau FC, Santos ÉP, Pizzolatti MG, Marques MC (2008). Gastroprotective activity of the chloroform extract of the roots from Arctium lappa L. J Pharm Pharmacol 60: 795-801.

Ekanem AP, Obiekezie A, Kloas W, Knopf K (2004) Effects of crude extracts of Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) and Carica papaya (Carica-ceae) against the protozoan fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Parasitol Res 92: 361-366.

Ferracane R, Graziani G, Gallo M, Fogliano V, Ritieni A (2010) Metabolic profile of the bioactive compounds of burdock (Arctium lappa) seeds, roots and leaves. J Pharm Biomed Anal 51: 399-404.

Forwood JM, Harris JO, Landos M, Deveney MR (2014) Evaluation of treatment methods using sodium percarbonate and formalin on Aus-tralian rainbow trout farms. Aquac Eng 63: 9-15.

Fu YW, Zhang QZ, Xu DH, Liang JH, Wang B (2014a) Antiparasitic Effect of cynatratoside-C from Cynanchum atratum against Ichthy-ophthirius multifiliis on Grass Carp. J Agric Food Chem 62: 7183-7189.

Fu YW, Zhang QZ, Xu DH, Xia H, Cai XX, Wang B, Liang J (2014) Parasiticidal effects of Morus alba root bark extracts against Ichthy-ophthirius multifiliis infecting grass carp. Dis Aquat Organ 108: 129-136.

Gao Q, Yang M, Zuo Z (2018) Overview of the anti-inflammatory effects, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacies of arctigenin and arctiin from Arctium lappa L. Acta Pharmacol Sin 39: 787-801.

Govindarajan M, Karuppannan P (2011). Mosquito larvicidal and ovicidal properties of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk (Asteraceae) against chikungunya vector, Aedes aegypti (Linn.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Med 4: 24-28.

Han Y, Xia C, Cheng X, Xiang R, Liu H, Yan Q, Xu D (1998) Preliminary studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological action of Eclipta prostrata L, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 23: 680-682.

Holetz FB, Pessini GL, Sanches NR, Cortez DA, Nakamura CV, Filho BP (2002) Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medi-cine for the treatment of infectious diseases. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97: 1027-1031.

Huang TC, Tsai SS, Liu LF, Liu YL, Liu HJ, Chuang KP (2010) Effect of Arctium lappa L. in the dextran sulfate sodium colitis mouse mod-el. World J Gastroenterol 16: 4193-4199.

Husain M, Anis M (2006) Rapid in vitro propagation of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Through high frequency axillary shoot proliferation. Acta Physiol Plant 28: 325-330.

Jørgensen LG (2017) The fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis - Host immunology, vaccines and novel treatments. Fish Shellfish Immunol 67: 586-595.

Knipping K, van Esch EC, Wijering SC, van der Heide S, Dubois AE, Garssen J (2008) In vitro and in vivo antiallergic effects of Arctium lappa L. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 233: 1469-1477.

Kumar G, Karthik L, Rao KV (2011) Hemolytic activity of Indian medicinal plants towards human erythrocytes: An in vitro study. Elixir Appl Botany 40: 5534-5537.

Kumari CS, Govindasamy S, Sukumar E (2006) Lipid lowering activity of Eclipta prostata in experimental hyperlipidemia. J Ethnopharmacol 105: 332-335.

Lin SC, Yao CJ, Lin CC, Lin YH (1998) Hepatoprotective Activity of Taiwan Folk Medicine: Eclipta prostrata Linn. against various hepato-toxins induced acute hepatotoxicity. Phytother Res 10: 483-490.

Ling F, Wang JG, Lu C, Wang GX, Lui YH, Gong XN (2012) Effects of aqueous extract of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae) against the fish ectoparasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Parasitol Res 111: 841-848.

Ling KH, Sin YM, Lam TJ (1993) Effect of copper sulphate on ichthyophthiriasis (white spot disease) in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Aq-uaculture (Netherlands) 118: 23-35.

Manvar D, Mishra M, Kumar S, Pandey VN (2012) Identification and evaluation of anti hepatitis C virus phytochemicals from Eclipta alba. J Ethnopharmacol 144: 545-554.

Matthews RA (2005) Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet and ichthyophthiriosis in freshwater teleosts. Adv Parasitol 59: 159-241.

Nascimento BA, Gardinassi LG, Silveira IM, Gallucci MG, Tomé MA, Oliveira JF, Moreira MR, Meirelles AF, Faccioli LH, Tefé-Silva C, Zoccal KF (2019) Arctium lappa extract suppresses inflammation and inhibits melanoma progression. Medicines (Basel) 6: 81.

Newman DJ, Cragg GM, Snader KM (2003) Natural products as sources of new drugs over the period 1981-2002. J Nat Prod 66: 1022-1037.

Puk K, Guz L (2021) Parasiticidal effects of Tanacetum vulgare extract against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Pol J Vet Sci 24: 159-161.

Sawant M, Isaac JC, Narayanan S (2004) Analgesic studies on total alkacoloids and alcohol extrats of Eclipta alba (Linn.) Hassk. Phytother Res 18: 111-113.

Saxena AK, Singh B, Anand KK (1993) Hepatoprotective effects of Eclipta alba on subcellular levels in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 40: 155-161.

Singh B, Saxena AK, Chandan BK, Agarwal SG, Anand KK (2001) In vivo hepatoprotective activity of active fraction from ethanolic extract of Eclipta alba leaves. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 45: 435-441.

Srivastava S, Sinha R, Roy D (2004) Toxicological effects of malachite green. Aquat Toxicol 66: 319-329.

Straus DL, Griffin BR (2002) Efficacy of potassium permanganate in treating ichthyophthiriasis in channel catfish. J Aquat Anim Health 14: 145-148.

Tieman DM, Goodwin AE (2001) Treatments for Ich infestations in channel catfish evaluated under static and flow-through water conditions. N Am J Aquac 63: 293-299.

Valladao GM, Gallani SU, Pilarski F (2015) Phytotherapy as an alternative for treating fish disease. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 38: 417-428.

Wong SM, Antus S, Gottsegen A, Fessler B, Rao GS, Sonnenbichler J, Wagner H (1988) Wedelolactone and coumestan derivatives as new antihepatotoxic and antiphlogistic principles. Arzneimittelforschung 38: 661-665.

Yi YL, Lu C, Hu XG, Ling F, Wang GX (2012) Antiprotozoal activity of medicinal plants against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Parasitol Res 111: 1771-1778.

Zhang Q, Xu DH, Klesius PH (2013) Evaluation of an antiparasitic compound extracted from Galla chinensis against fish parasite Ichthy-ophthirius multifiliis. Vet Parasitol 198: 45-53.

Chen AY, Fry SR, Daggard GE, Mukkur TK (2008) Evaluation of immune response to recombinant potential protective antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae delivered as cocktail DNA and/or recombinant protein vaccines in mice. Vaccine 26: 4372- 4378.

Chen JR, Liao CW, Mao SJ, Weng CN (2001) A recombinant chimera composed of repeat region RR1 of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae adhesin with Pseudomonas exotoxin: in vivo evaluation of specific IgG response in mice and pigs. Vet Microbiol 80: 347-357.

Cunha CE, Moreira CIR, Rocha AS, Finger PF, Magalhaes CG, Ferreira MR, Dellagostin OA, Moreira AN, Conceicao FR (2017) Parenteral adjuvant potential of recombinant B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 112: 812-816.

Ferreira MR, Finger PF, Magalhes CG, Cunha CE, Junior CM, Kich JD, Mores N, Moreira AN, Dellagostin OA, Conceicao FR (2019) Protection efficacy of the rLTB-R1 chimera against experimental Swine Mycoplasmal Pneumonia. Acta Sci Vet 47: 1660.

Huo SX, Zeng ZZ, Zhao YL, Han RL (2019) Effect of antigen purification on the efficacy and safety of inactivated swine Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine. Anim Husb Vet Med 51: 87-92.

Li GJ, Tao Y, Shu JH, Wu YH, Yang F, Dang ZG, He YL (2018) Advances in adhesion characteristics and factors research of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet Sci China 48: 488-492.

Liu MJ, Shao GQ, Zhang Y, Nie XT (2005) Cloning and expression of R1 region of P97 gene in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Jiangsu J Agric Sci 3: 207- 211.

Lu HY, Shen QC, Ning YB (2010) The recombination and expression of R1 region of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae p97 adhesin with Esche-richia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit. Chin J Vet Med 46: 3-6.

Ma F, Zou H, He Q (2011) Immunogenicity of attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis vaccine strain expressing immunogenic genes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in mice. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 51: 1270-1277.

Marchioro SB, Sácristan RP, Michiels A, Haesebrouck F, Conceicao FR, Dellagostin OA, Maes D (2014) Immune responses of a chimaeric protein vaccine containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens and LTB against experimental M. hyopneumoniae infection in pigs. Vaccine 32: 4689-4694.

Minion FC, Adams C, Hsu T (2000) R1 region of P97 mediates adherence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to swine cilia. Infect Immun 68: 3056-3060.

Peng T, Ma ZC, Wang HY, Meng FL, Liu ZH, Xiao YH, Liu SD (2019) Evaluation of the immunological effects of different immunization procedures for Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine in pigs. Chin J Prev Vet Med 41: 284-289.

Thacker EL, Thacker BJ, Boettcher TB, Jayappa H (1998) Comparison of antibody production lymphocyte stimulation and protection induced by four commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins. J Swine Health Prod 6: 107-112.

Tao Y, Li GJ, Shu JH, Wu YH, Yang F, He YL (2018) Advances in the research of genetically engineering vaccine of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Chin J Biotechnol 38: 95-101.

Tao Y, Shu JH, Chen J, Wu YH, He YL (2019) A concise review of vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Res Vet Sci 123: 144-152.

Wang JF, Li L, Ma Y (2016) Polyvalent nano-antibody against dengue virus type 2 NS1 protein and preparation method. China, 201610864043.3.

Wang Y, Wang J, Zhou M, Liu P, Zhang E, Li Y, Feng Z, Yang Q (2019) Mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by intranasal immunization of recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the P97R1, P46 antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Biosci Rep 39: BSR20191126.

Zhang Q, Young TF, Ross RF (1995) Identification and characterization of a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae adhesin. Infect Immun 63: 3.

Zhu YF, Luo Y, Xu JC, Lu YY, Yang DM, Feng ZX, Wang SD (2017) Advances in the swine enzootic pneumonia and it’s vaccine. Gui-zhou Anim Vet Sci 41: 17-21.

Ahangarpour A, Oroojan AA, Khorsandi L, Kouchak M, Badavi M (2018) Antioxidant effect of myricitrin on hyperglycemia-induced oxida-tive stress in C2C12 cell. Cell Stress Chaperones 23: 773-781.

Arora A, Dey CS (2014) SIRT2 negatively regulates insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1842: 1372-1378.

Ban N, Ozawa Y, Inaba T, Miyake S, Watanabe M, Shinmura K, Tsubota K (2013) Light-dark condition regulates sirtuin mRNA levels in the retina. Exp Gerontol 48: 1212-1217.

Buranasin P, Mizutani K, Iwasaki K, Pawaputanon Na, Mahasarakham C, Kido D, Takeda K, Izumi Y (2018) High glucose-induced oxidative stress impairs proliferation and migration of human gingival fibroblasts. PLoS One 13: e0201855.

Chang HC, Guarente L (2014) SIRT1 and other sirtuins in metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 25: 138-145.

Chao SC, Chen YJ, Huang KH, Kuo KL, Yang TH, Huang KY, Wang CC, Tang CH, Yang RS, Liu SH (2017) Induction of sirtuin-1 sig-naling by resveratrol induces human chondrosarcoma cell apoptosis and exhibits antitumor activity. Sci Rep 7: 3180.

Chen Y, Fu LL, Wen X, Wang XY, Liu J, Cheng Y, Huang J (2014) Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a therapeutic target with oncogenic and tu-mor-suppressive function in cancer. Cell Death Dis 5: e1047.

Doktorova TY, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Vinken M, Vanhaecke T, van Delft J, Kleinjans J, Ahr HJ, Rogiers V (2012) Comparison of geno-toxicant-modified transcriptomic responses in conventional and epigenetically stabilized primary rat hepatocytes with in vivo rat liver data. Arch Toxicol 86: 1703-1715.

Felice F, Lucchesi D, di Stefano R, Barsotti MC, Storti E, Penno G, Balbarini A, Prato SD, Pucci L (2010) Oxidative stress in response to high glucose levels in endothelial cells and in endothelial progenitor cells: evidence for differential glutathione peroxidase-1 expression. Micro-vasc Res 80: 332-338.

Galban VD, Evangelista EA, Migliorini RH, do Carmo Kettelhut I (2001) Role of ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent proteolytic process in degradation of muscle protein from diabetic rabbits. Mol Cell Biochem 225: 35-41.

Hirata Y, Nomura K, Senga Y, Okada Y, Kobayashi K, Okamoto S, Minokoshi Y, Imamura M, Takeda S, Hosooka T, Ogawa W (2019) Hyperglycemia induces skeletal muscle atrophy via a WWP1/KLF15 axis. JCI Insight 4: e124952.

Linxi Z, Guirong Z, Xue W, Gang S (2015) The Effect of high glucose on proliferation and expression of correlation factors of MG63 osteo-blasts. J Hard Tissue Biol 24: 143-146.

Liu L, Arun A, Ellis L, Peritore C, Donmez G (2014) SIRT2 enhances 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced nigrostriatal damage via apoptotic pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 6: 184.

Liu M, Wilk SA, Wang A, Zhou L, Wang RH, Ogawa W, Deng C, Dong LQ, Liu F (2010) Resveratrol inhibits mTOR signaling by promot-ing the interaction between mTOR and DEPTOR. J Biol Chem 285: 36387-36394.

Luo M, Liu Z, Hao H, Lu T, Chen M, Lei M, Verfaillie CM, Liu Z (2012) High glucose facilitates cell cycle arrest of rat bone marrow mul-tipotent adult progenitor cells through transforming growth factor-β1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signalling without changing Oct4 expression. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 39: 843-851.

Luo W, Ai L, Wang BF, Zhou Y (2019) High glucose inhibits myogenesis and induces insulin resistance by down-regulating AKT signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 120: 109498.

Orimo M, Minamino T, Miyauchi H, Tateno K, Okada S, Moriya J, Komuro I (2009) Protective role of SIRT1 in diabetic vascular dysfunc-tion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29: 889-894.

Park SH, Choi HJ, Lee JH, Woo CH, Kim JH, Han HJ (2001) High glucose inhibits renal proximal tubule cell proliferation and involves PKC, oxidative stress, and TGF-β1. Kidney Int 59: 1695-1705.

Porreca I, D’Angelo F, De Franceschi L, Mattè A, Ceccarelli M, Iolascon A, Zamò A, Russo F, Ravo M, Tarallo R, Scarfò M, Weisz A, De Felice M, Mallardo M, Ambrosino C (2016) Pesticide toxicogenomics across scales: in vitro transcriptome predicts mechanisms and outcomes of exposure in vivo. Sci Rep 6: 38131.

Quinn ME, Goh Q, Kurosaka M, Gamage DG, Petrany MJ, Prasad V, Millay DP (2017) Myomerger induces fusion of non-fusogenic cells and is required for skeletal muscle development. Nat Commun 8: 15665.

Rathbone CR, Booth FW, Lees SJ (2009) Sirt1 increases skeletal muscle precursor cell proliferation. Eur J Cell Biol 88: 35-44.

Reddy SS, Shruthi K, Joy D, Reddy GB (2019) 4-PBA prevents diabetic muscle atrophy in rats by modulating ER stress response and ubiq-uitin-proteasome system. Chem Biol Interact 306: 70-77.

Samant SA, Kanwal A, Pillai VB, Bao R, Gupta MP (2017) The histone deacetylase SIRT6 blocks myostatin expression and development of muscle atrophy. Sci Rep 7: 11877.

Sandri M, Sandri C, Gilbert A, Skurk C, Calabria E, Picard A, Walsh K, Schiaffino S, Lecker SH, Goldberg AL (2004) Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy. Cell 117: 399-412.

Schartner E, Sabbir MG, Saleh A, Silva RV, Chowdhury SR, Smith DR, Fernyhough P (2018) High glucose concentration suppresses a SIRT2 regulated pathway that enhances neurite outgrowth in cultured adult sensory neurons. Exp Neurol 309: 134-147.

Sharples AP, Hughes DC, Deane CS, Saini A, Selman C, Stewart CE (2015) Longevity and skeletal muscle mass: the role of IGF signalling, the sirtuins, dietary restriction and protein intake. Aging Cell 14: 511-523.

Shi JX, Wang QJ, Li H, Huang Q (2017) SIRT4 overexpression protects against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting podocyte apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 13: 342-348.

Surinlert P, Kongthong N, Watthanard M, Sae-lao T, Sookbangnop P, Pholpramool C, Tipbunjong C (2020) Styrene oxide caused cell cycle arrest and abolished myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. J Toxicol 2020: 1807126.

Vakhrusheva O, Smolka C, Gajawada P, Kostin S, Boettger T, Kubin T, Braun T. Bober E (2008) Sirt7 increases stress resistance of cardio-myocytes and prevents apoptosis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy in mice. Circ Res 102: 703-710.

Verdin E, Hirschey MD, Finley LW, Haigis MC (2010) Sirtuin regulation of mitochondria: energy production, apoptosis, and signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 35: 669-675.

Wang F, Nguyen M, Qin XF, Tong Q (2007) SIRT2 deacetylates FOXO3a in response to oxidative stress and caloric restriction. Aging Cell 6: 505–514.

Wang S, Wang J, Zhao A, Li J (2017) SIRT1 activation inhibits hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress and mitochon-drial dysfunction in human endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 16: 3331-3338.

Wang X, Hu Z, Hu J, Du J, Mitch WE (2006) Insulin resistance accelerates muscle protein degradation: activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by defects in muscle cell signaling. Endocrinology 147: 4160-4168.

Wronska A, Lawniczak A, Wierzbicki PM, Kmiec Z (2016) Age-related changes in sirtuin 7 expression in calorie-restricted and refed rats. Gerontology 62: 304-310.

Zhang HH, Ma XJ, Wu LN, Zhao YY, Zhang PY, Zhang YH, Shao MW, Liu F, Li F, Qin GJ (2015) SIRT1 attenuates high glucose-induced insulin resistance via reducing mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 240: 557-565.

Addor FA (2017) Antioxidants in dermatology. An Bras Dermatol 92: 356-362.

Arimbi A, Azmijah, Darsono R, Plumerriastuti H, Widiyatno TV, Legowo D (2015) Veterinary general pathology textbook. 2nd ed., Airlang-ga University Press, Surabaya.

Chandra D, Tripathi UN, Srivastava S, Amit Swaroop A (2011) Carbofuran induced biochemical toxicity in mice; Protective role of Momor-dica charantia. Eur J Exp Biol 1: 106-112.

Chin AM, Hill DR, Aurora M, Spence JR (2017) Morphogenenis and maturation of embryonic and postnatal intestine. Semin Cell Dev Biol 66: 81-93.

Gbadegesin MA, Owumi SE, Akinseye V, Odunola OA (2013) Evaluation of hepatotoxicity and clastogenicity of carbofuran in male Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 5: 115-119.

Gibson J (2003) Modern physiology and anatomy for nurses. 2nd ed., Jakarta, EGC Press.

Gupta RC (1994) Carbofuran Toxicity. J Toxicol Environ Health 43: 383-418.

Jaiswal SK, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B (2013) Carbofuran induced oxidative stress in rat heart: Ameliorative effect of vitamin C. ISRN Oxid Med: 11: 1-10.

Kaur M, Sandhir R (2006) Comparative effects of acute and chronic carbofuran exposure on oxidative stress and drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver. Drug Chem Toxicol 29: 415-421.

Keegan J, Whelan M, Danaher M, Crooks S, Sayers R, Anastasio A, Elliott C, Brandon D, Furey A, O’Kennedy R (2009) Bensimidazole carbamate residues in milk: Detection by Surface Plasmon Resonance-biosensor, using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method for extraction. Anal Chim Acta 654: 111-119.

Luqman EM, Sudiana, IK, Darmanto W, Achmad AB, Widjiati (2019) Mouse (Mus musculus) embryonic cerebral cortex cell death caused by carbofuran insecticide exposure. J Vet Res 63: 413-421.

Maslachah L, Sugihartuti R, Kurniasanti R (2008) The inhibition of vitamin E (α- tocopherol) antioxidant to superoxide radical reactive oxygen species (O2-) production on the white rat (Rattus norvegicus) stressed by an electric shock. Vet J 24: 22- 26.

Otieno PO, Lalah JO, Virani M, Jondiko IO, Schram KW (2010) Carbofuran and its toxic metabolites provide forensic evidence for furadan exposure in vultures (Gyps africanus) In Kenya. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 84: 536-544.

Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR (2016) Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci 5: 1-15.

Prior RL, Cao G (2000) Antioxidant phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables; diet and health implications. Hortic Sci 35: 588-592.

Rai DK, Rai PK, Rizvi SI, Watal G, Sharma B (2009) Carbofuran-induced toxicity in rats: protective role of vitamin C. Exp Toxicol Pathol 61: 531-535.

Sayuti K, Rina Y (2015) Natural and synthetic antioxidants. 1st ed., Andalas University Press, Padang.

Trisetiyono Y, Pramono N, Hidayat ST, Widjiati (2019) The differences of malondialdehyde serum level, expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor, and the area of endometriotic implants in administration of Kebar grass extract (Biophytum peter-sianum) and green tea extract (Camelia sinensis) to mice. Trad Med J 24: 169-177.

Unitly AJA, Inara C (2011) Potential of kebar grass (Biophytum Petersianum Klotzsch) in improving reproductive performance. Proceedings of the National Seminar Universitas Patimura, Ambon, Indonesia, pp 329-333.

Ahmadi B, Lau CP, Giffin J, Santos N, Hahnel A, Raeside J, Christie H, Bartlewski P (2012) Suitability of epididymal and testicular ultraso-nography and computerized image analysis for assessment of current and future semen quality in the ram. Exp Biol Med 237: 186-193.

Allison WJ, Barr LL, Massot JR, Berg PG, Krasner BH, Garra BS (1994) Understanding the process of quantitative ultrasonic tissue charac-terization. Radiographics 14: 1099-1108.

Andrade AK, Soares AT, Freitas FF, Silva SV, Pena-Alfaro CE, Batista AM, Guerra MM (2014) Testicular and epididymal ultrasonography in Santa Inês lambs raised in Brazil. Anim Reprod 11: 110-118.

Aschkenasy SV, Muntwyler J, van Der Loo B, Oechslin E, Jenni R (2005) Texture analysis in digitally acquired echocardiographic images: The effect of JPEG compression and video storage. Ultrasound Med Biol 31: 361-366.

Batissaco L, Celeghini EC, Pinaffi FL, de Oliveira BM, de Andrade AF, Recalde EC, Fernandes CB (2013) Correlations between testicular hemodynamic and sperm characteristics in rams. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci 50: 384-395.

Boyd A, Pozor MA, Bailey CS, Verstegen J (2006) Effect of seasonality on testicular blood flow in mature stallions. Anim Reprod Sci 94: 144-145.

Camela ES, Nociti RP, Santos VJ, Macente BI, Murawski M, Vicente WR, Bartlewski PM, Oliveira ME (2019) Changes in testicular size, echotexture and arterial blood flow associated with the attainment of puberty in Dorper rams raised in a subtropical climate. Reprod Dom Anim 54: 131-137.

Chandolia RK, Bartlewski PM, Omeke BC, Beard AP, Rawlings NC, Pierson RA (1997) Ultrasonography of the developing reproductive tract in ram lambs: effects of a GnRH agonist. Theriogenology 48: 99-117.

Cook JL, Dewbury K (2000) The changes seen on high-resolution ultrasound in orchitis. Clin Radiol 55: 13-18.

Davies Morel MC (2008) Equine reproductive physiology, breeding and stud management. 3rd ed., Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

DesCôteaux L (2010) Practical atlas of ruminant and camelid reproductive ultrasonography. 1st ed., Willey-Blackwell, USA.

Galloway MM (1975) Texture analysis using gray level run lengths. Comp Graph Im Proc 4: 172-179.

Giffin JL, Bartlewski PM, Hahnel AC (2014) Correlations among ultrasonographic and microscopic characteristics of prepubescent ram lamb testes. Exp Biol Med 239: 1606-1618.

Gouletsou PG (2017) Ultrasonographic examination of the scrotal contents in rams. Small Rumin Res152: 100-106.

Gouletsou PG, Amiridis GS, Cripps PJ, Lainas T, Deligiannis K, Saratsis P, Fthenakis GC (2003) Ultrasonographic appearance of clinically healthy testicles and epididymides of rams. Theriogenology 59: 1959-1972.

Hedia MG, El-Belely MS, Ismail ST, El-Maaty AM (2019) Monthly changes in testicular blood flow dynamics and their association with testicular volume, plasma steroid hormones profile and semen characteristics in rams. Theriogenology 123: 68-73.

Marai IF, El-Darawany AA, Fadiel A, Abdel-Hafez MA (2007) Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep-A review. Small Ru-min Res 71: 1-12.

Mittwoch U (1988) Ethnic differences in testicle size: A possible link with the cytogenetics of true hermaphroditism. Hum Reprod 3: 445-449.

Nailon HW (2010) Texture analysis methods of medical image characterization. Biomedical Imaging. ISBN: 978-953-307-071-1, InTech.

Ntemka A, Kiossis E, Boscos C, Theodoridis A, Kourousekos G, Tsakmakidis I (2018) Effects of testicular hemodynamic and echogenicity changes on ram semen characteristics. Reprod Dom Anim 53: 50-55.

Ntemka A, Kiossis E, Boscos C, Theodoridis A, Kourousekos G, Tsakmakidis I (2019) Impact of old age and season on Chios ram semen quality. Small Rumin Res 178: 15-17.

Nutrient Requirements of Sheep (1985) 6th ed., National Academy Press.

Pitas Ι (2010) Digital image processing. 2nd ed., Private edition.

Pozor MA (2007) Evaluation of testicular vasculature in stallions. Clin Tech Equine Pract 6: 271-277.

Pratt WK (1978) Digital image processing. New York, NY, Willey.

Samir H, Nyametease P, Nagaoka K, Watanabe G (2018) Effect of seasonality on testicular blood flow as determined by color Doppler ultra-sonography and hormonal profiles in Shiba goats. Anim Reprod Sci 197: 185-192.

Sarlós P, Egerszegi I, Balogh O, Molnár A, Cseh S, Rátky J (2013) Seasonal changes of scrotal circumference, blood plasma testosterone concentration and semen characteristics in Racka rams. Small Rumin Res 111: 90-95.

Tapping CR, Cast JE (2008) Scrotal ultrasound: a pictorial review. Ultrasound 16: 226-233.

Turner OR (2007) Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Testicular Degeneration in Stallions. Clin Tech Equine Pract 4: 278-284.

Valckx FM, Thijssen JM (1997) Characterization of echographic image texture by co-occurrence matrix parameters. Ultrasound Med Biol 23: 559-571.

Vosniakou AG, Doney M, Tsakalof P (1989) A note on the seasonal oestrous period in three breeds of Greek dairy sheep. Anim Sci 49: 147-150.

Bailey JM (1985) Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and lipoxins: biochemistry, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Bailey JM (ed) Plenum Press, New York and London, pp 705.

Capone A, Safar P, Stezoski SW, Peitzman A, Tisherman S (1995) Uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock outcome model in rats. Resuscitation 29: 143-152.

Cho SD, Holcomb JB, Tieu BH, Englehart MS, Morris MS, Karahan ZA, Underwood SA, Muller PJ, Prince MD, Medina L, Sondeen J, Shults C, Duggan M, Tabbara M, Alam HB & Schreiber MA (2009) Reproducibility of an animal model simulating complex combat-related injury in a multiple-institution format. Shock 31: 87-96.

Ghiţă M, Cotor G, Viţălaru AB, Brăslaşu D (2015) Comparative study on the effect of prednisone and dexamethasone on leukocytes in rabbit. J Biotechnology 208: 92.

Gutierrez G, Reines HD, Wulf-Gutierrez ME (2004) Clinical review: hemorrhagic shock. Crit Care 8: 373-381.

Hamar J, Kovach AG, Reivich M, Nyary I, Durity F (1979) Effect of phenoxybenzamine on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in the ba-boon during hemorrhagic shock. Stroke 10: 401-407.

Holzrichter D, Burk A, Korn U, Burk R (1983) The rise of blood sugar as parameter for the degree of severity of hemorrhagic shock in the rabbit. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 102: 73-77.

Holzrichter D, Meiss L, Behrens S, Mickley V (1987) The rise of blood sugar as an additional parameter in traumatic shock. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 106: 319-322.

Humphreys PW, Joels N (1985) Arterial pressure maintenance after haemorrhage in the pregnant rabbit. J Physiol 366: 17-25.

Kovách AG, Mitsányi A, Monos E, Nyáry I, Sulyok A (1972) Control of organ blood flow following hemorrhage. Adv Exp Med Biol 33: 1-17.

Majde JA (2003) Animal models for hemorrhage and resuscitation research. J Trauma 54: 100-105.

Nunez TC, Cotton BA (2009) Transfusion therapy in hemorrhagic shock. Curr Opin Crit Care 15: 536-541.

Porter AE, Rozanski EA, Sharp CR, Dixon KL, Price LL, Shaw SP (2013) Evaluation of the shock index in dogs presenting as emergencies. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 23: 538-544.

Porth CM (2005) Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States. 7th ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

Rao KV. (1999) Multiple comparison test procedures. In: Balakrishnan N (ed.). Biostatistics, 1st ed., New Delhi, India, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, p 273-284.

Slauson OS, Cooper BJ. (2002) Mechanisms of diseases. 3rd ed., Mosby (Elsevier), Philadelphia.

Sondeen JL, Dubick MA, Holcomb JB, Wade CE (2007) Uncontrolled hemorrhage differs from volume- or pressure-matched controlled hemorrhage in swine. Shock 28: 426-433.

Tabsh K, Rudelstorfer R, Nuwayhid B, Assali NS (1986) Circulatory responses to hypovolemia in the pregnant and nonpregnant sheep after pharmacologic sympathectomy, Am J Obstet Gynecol 154(2): 411-419.

Tsukamoto T, Pape HC (2009) Animal models for trauma research: what are the options? Shock 31: 3-10.

Yu YH, Zhao KS, Gong SP (2008) Effect of limited volume resuscitation on hemodynamic changes in pregnant rabbit with hemorrhagic shock. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 43: 50-53.

Weiss A, Loh G (1999) Allgemeine Pathologie. Fachhschaft Tiermedizin Skript. Iustus Liebig Universitat Giessen.

Abilés J, Moreno-Torres R, Moratalla G, Castaño J, Pérez Abúd R, Mudarra A, Machado Ma J, Planells E, Pérez de la Cruz A (2008) Effects of supply with glutamine on antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in patients with parenteral nutrition. Nutr Hosp 23: 332-339.

Acosta S, Bjorck M (2003) Acute thrombo-embolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery: a prospective study in a well-defined population. Eur J Vasc Endovasc 26: 179-183.

Altinyollar H, Boyabatli M, Berberoglu U (2006) D-dimer as a marker for early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. Thromb Res 117: 463-467.

An ZM, Dong XG, Guo Y, Zhou JL, Qin T (2015) Effects and clinical significance of pentoxifylline on the oxidative stress of rats with dia-betic nephropathy. Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 35: 356-361.

Bian GX, Li GG, Yang Y, Liu RT, Ren JP, Wen LQ, Guo SM, QJ Lu (2008) Madecassoside reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury on regional ischemia induced heart infarction in rat. Biol Pharm Bull 31: 458-463.

Bick RL (1994) Disseminated intravascular coagulation: objective criteria for diagnosis and management. Med Clin N Am 78: 511-543.

Cano CP, Bermudez VP, Atencio HE, Medina MT, Anilsa A, Souki A, Molina OM, Restrepo H, Vargas ME, Núñez M, Ambard M, Toledo A, Contreras F, Velasco M (2003) Increased serum malondialdehyde and decreased nitric oxide within 24 hours of thrombotic stroke onset. Am J Ther 10: 473-476.

Cevrioglu AS, Yilmaz S, Koken T, Tokyol C, Yilmazer M, Fenkci IV (2004) Comparison of the effects of low intra-abdominal pressure and ischaemic preconditioning on the generation of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines during laparoscopy in rats. Hum Reprod 19: 2144-2151.

Cöl R, Durgun Z (2011) Effect of recombinant interleukin-10 on some haematological and biochemical parameters in a rat endotoxaemic mod-el. Acta Vet Hung 59: 237-245.

Collatos C, Barton MH, Schleef R, Prasse KW, Moore JN (1994) Regulation of equine fibrinolysis in blood and peritoneal fluid based on a study of colic cases and induced endotoxaemia. Equine Vet J 26: 474-481.

Constable PD, Miller GY, Hoffsis GF, Hull BL, Rings DM (1992a) Risk factors for abomasal volvulus and left abomasal displacement in cattle. Am J Vet Res 53: 1184-1192.

Constable PD, St-Jean G, Koenig GR, Hull BL, Rings DM (1992b) Abomasal luminal pressure in cattle with abomasal volvulus or left dis-placed abomasum. J Am Vet Med Assoc 201: 1564-1568.

Corum O, Corum DD, Atik O, Er A, Uney K (2019) Pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its 5-hydroxyhexyl metabolite after intravenous administration of increasing doses to sheep. Am J Vet Res 80: 702-708.

Coster J, McCauley R, Hall J (2004) Glutamine: metabolism and application in nutrition support. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 13: 25-31.

Delgado MA, Monreal L, Armengou L, Ríos J, Segura D (2009) Peritoneal D-dimer concentration for assessing peritoneal fibrinolytic activity in horses with colic. J Vet Intern Med 23: 882-889.

Di Loria A, Piantedosi D, Cortese L, Roperto S, Urraro C, Paciello O. Guccione J, Britti D, Ciaramella P (2012) Clotting profile in cattle showing chronic enzootic haematuria (CEH) and bladder neoplasms. Res Vet Sci 93: 331-335.

Doll K (2015) Abomasal displacement in dairy cattle: a hereditary disease?. Vet J 205: 329-330.

Doll K, Sickinger M, Seeger T (2009) New aspects in the pathogenesis of abomasal displacement. Vet J 181: 90-96.

El-Ghoneimi A, Cursio R, Schmid-Alliana A, Tovey M, Lasfar A, Michiels JF, Rossi B, Gugenheim J (2007) Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene transcription by pentoxifylline reduces normothermic liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Transplant Proc 39: 1761-1764.

Estrin MA, Wehausen CE, Jessen CR, Lee JA (2006) Disseminated intravascular coagulation in cats. J Vet Intern Med 20: 1289-1290.

Fürll M, Dabbagh MN, Fürll B, Sattler T (2004) The behaviour of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum of cows with abomasal displace-ment (DA). Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 111: 7-13.

Gando S, Hayakawa M (2016) Pathophysiology of trauma-induced coagulopathy and management of critical bleeding requiring massive transfusion. Semin Thromb Hemost 42: 155-165.

Geishauser T (1995) Abomasal displacement in the bovine a review on character, occurrence, aetiology and pathogenesis. Zentralbl Veteri-naermed A 42: 229-251.

Grosche A, Fürll M, Wittek T (2012) Peritoneal fluid analysis in dairy cows with left displaced abomasum and abomasal volvulus. Vet Rec 170: 413.

Guiqi G (2011) Pre-treatment with glutamine attenuates lung injury in rats subjected to intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion. Injury 42: 72-77.

Hammerman C, Goldschmidt D, Caplan MS, Kaplan M, Schimmel MS, Eidelman AI, Branski D, Hochman A (1999) Amelioration of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat intestine by pentoxifylline-mediated inhibition of xanthine oxidase. J Pediatr Gastr Nutr 29: 69-74.

Hirvonen J, Pyörala S. (1998) Acute-phase response in dairy cows with surgically-treated abdominal disorders. Vet J 155: 53-61.

Ikeda S, Zarzaur BL, Johnson CD, Fukatsu K, Kudsk KA (2002) Total parenteral nutrition supplementation with glutamine improves survival after gut ischemia/reperfusion. Jpen-Parenter Enter 26: 169-173.

Irmak K, Turgut K (2005) Disseminated intravascular coagulation in cattle with abomasal displacement. Vet Res Commun 29: 61-68.

Jaillardon L, Barthélemy A, Goy-Thollot I, Pouzot-Nevoret C, Fournel-Fleury C (2012) Mammary gland carcinoma in a dog with peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Vet Clin Pathol 41: 261-265.

Jurczuk M, Brzoska MM, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J (2007) Hepatic and renal concentrations of vitamins E and C in lead and ethanol-exposed rats. an assessment of their involvement in the mechanisms of peroxidative damage. Food Chem Toxicol 45: 1478-1486.

Karakurum MÇ, Albay MK, Şahinduran Ş, Sezer K (2009) Coagulation parameters in cattle with left displacement of abomasum. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 15: 293-296.

Karatepe O, Gulcicek OB, Ugurlucan M, Adas G, Battal M, Kemik A, Kamali G, Altug T, Karahan S (2009) Curcumin nutrition for the prevention of mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury: an experimental rodent model. Transplant Proc 41: 3611-3616.

Kayano M, Kida K (2015) Identifying alterations in metabolic profiles of dairy cows over the past two decades in Japan using principal component analysis. J Dairy Sci 98: 8764-8774.

Kloek J, Levi M, Heger M (2010) Cholestasis enhances liver ischemia/reperfusion-induced coagulation activation in rats. Hepatol Res 40: 204-215.

Levi M, van der Poll T (2010) Inflammation and coagulation. Crit Care Med 38: 26-34.

Maden M, Ozturk AS, Bulbul A, Avci GE, Yazar E (2012) Acute-phase proteins, oxidative stress, and enzyme activities of blood serum and peritoneal fluid in cattle with abomasal displacement. J Vet Intern Med 26: 1470-1475.

Maden M, Yildiz R, Çöl R, Arican M, Ider M, Garip M, Tras B (2018) The evaluation of hemostatic dysfunctionand disseminated intravas-cular coagulationin dairy cows with abomasal displacement. Pol J Vet Sci 21: 769-778.

Mallick IH, Yang W, Winslet MC, Seifalian AM (2004) Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the intestine and protective strategies against injury. Dig Dis Sci 49: 1359-1377.

Moreira CN, Souza SN, Barini AC, Araújo EG, Fioravanti MCS (2012) Serum γ-glutamyltransferase activity as an indicator of chronic liver injury in cattle with no clinical signs. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 64: 1403-1410.

Ogurtan Z, Izci C, Ceylan C, Ok M (2003) Activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time in cows with left displacent of aboma-sum. Indian Vet J 80: 429-431.

Ok M, Şen İ, Güzelbekteş H, Boydak M, Er C, Aydogdu U, Yildiz R (2013) The importance of concentrations of sorbitol dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase and B-Mode ultrasonographic examination in the diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 19: 117-123.

Pyörala S, Kokkonen T, Pyörala E (1993) Bovine intestinal surgery in field conditions. Part III. Patients submitted to the Ambulatory Clinic of the College of Veterinary Medicine (1981-1992) a retrospective study. Finnish Veterinary Journal 99: 374-380.

Radwińska J (2010) Effect of the BVD-MD virus on coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in dairy cows. Bull Vet Isnt Pulawy 54: 293-298.

Reeves MJ, Vansteenhouse J, Stashak TS, Yovich JV, Cockerell G (1990) Failure to demonstrate reperfusion injury following ischaemia of the equine large colon using dimethyl sulphoxide. Equine Vet J 22: 126-132.

Roland L, Drillich M, Iwersen M (2014) Hematology as a diagnostic tool in bovine medicine. J Vet Diagn Invest 26: 592-598.

Sener G, Akgun U, Satıroğlu H, Topaloğlu U, Keyer-Uysal M (2001) The effect of pentoxifylline on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Fund Clin Pharmacol 15: 19-22.

Sexton MF, Buckley W, Ryan E (2007) A study of 54 cases of left displacement of the abomasum. Ir Vet J 60: 605-609.

Sies H (1997) Oxidative stress: oxidants and antioxidants. Exp Physiol 82: 291-295.

Sobiech P, Radwińska J, Krystkiewicz W, Snarska A, Stopyra A (2008) Changes in the coagulation profile of cattle with left abomasal displacement. Pol J Vet Sci 11: 301-306.

Sobiech P, Rekawek W, Ali M, Targoński R, Zarczyńska K, Snarska A, Stopyra A (2013) Changes in blood acid-base balance parameters and coagulation profile during diarrhea in calves. Pol J Vet Sci 16: 543-549.

Sørensen JV (1996) Haemostatic activation after surgery and trauma, relationship to clinicopathological findings. Thesis, 1996. Aarhus Uni-versitet, Denmark.

Souza DG, Ferreira FL, Fagundes CT, Amaral FA, Vieira AT, Lisboa RA, Andrade MVM, Trifilieff A, Teixeira MM (2007) Effects of PKF242-484 and PKF241-466, novel dual inhibitors of TNF-alpha converting enzyme and matrix metalloproteinases, in a model of intestinal reperfusion injury in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 571: 72-80.

Stojević Z, Piršljin J, Milinković-Tur S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Beer Ljubić B (2005) Activities of AST, ALT and GGT in clinically healthy dairy cows during lactation and in the dry period. Veterinarski Arhiv 75: 67-73.

Stokol T (2012) Laboratory diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs and cats: the past, the present, and the future. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 42: 189-202.

Tazuke Y, Wasa M, Shimizu Y, Wang HS, Okada A (2003) Alanyl-glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Jpen J Parenter Enteral Nutr 27: 110-115.

Uney K, Tras B, Corum O, Yildiz R, Maden M (2019) Pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its 5-hydroxyhexyl metabolite following intra-venous administration in cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 51: 435-441.

Van Winden SC, Kuiper R (2003) Left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cattle: recent developments in epidemiological and etiological aspects. Vet Res 34: 47-56.

Wasa M, Soh H, Shimizu Y, Fukuzawa M (2005) Glutamine stimulates amino acid transport during ischemia- reperfusion in human intestinal epithelial cells. J Surg Res 23: 75-81.

Wittek T, Grosche A, Locher LF, Fürll M (2010) Diagnostic accuracy of D-dimer and other peritoneal fluid analysis measurements in dairy cows with peritonitis. J Vet Intern Med 24: 1211-1217.

Zadnik TA (2003) Comparative study of the hemato-biochemical parameters between clinically healthy cows and cows with displacement of the abomasum. Acta Vet Beograd 53: 297-309.

Zhang F, Tong L, Qiao H, Dong X, Qiao G, Jiang H, Sun X (2008) Taurine attenuates multiple organ injury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion in rats. J Surg Res 149: 101-109.

Chodkowski M, Cymerys J, Słońska A, Bańbura M (2017) Oncolytic animal viruses and their applications in anti-cancer therapies. Med Weter 73: 4-9.

Courchesne MJ, White MC, Stanfield BA, Frampton AR (2012) Equine herpesvirus type 1-mediated oncolysis of human glioblastoma multi-forme cells. J Virol 86: 2882-2886.

Cymerys J, Dzieciątkowski T, Słońska A, Bierla J, Tucholska A, Chmielewska A, Golke A, Bańbura MW (2010) Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) replication in primary murine neurons culture. Pol J Vet Sci 13: 701-708.

Cymerys J, Słońska A, Brzezicka J, Tucholska A, Chmielewska A, Rola J, Bańbura MW (2016) Replication kinetics of neuropathogenic and non-neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) strains in primary murine neurons and ED cell line. Pol J Vet Sci 19: 777-784.

Drukker M, Katz G, Urbach A, Schuldiner M, Markel G, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Benvenisty N (2002) Characterization of the expression of MHC proteins in human embryonic stem cells. Proc Nat Acad Sci 99: 9864-9869.

Liu BL, Robinson M, Han ZQ (2003) ICP34.5 deleted herpes simplex virus with enhanced oncolytic, immune stimulating, and anti-tumour properties. Gene Ther 10: 292-303.

Słońska A, Cymerys J, Godlewski MM, Bańbura MW (2016) Application of scanning cytometry and confocal-microscopy-based image analysis for investigation the role of cytoskeletal elements during equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection of primary murine neurons. J Virol Met 237:1-9.

White MC, Frampton AR Jr (2013) The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid enhances equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1)-mediated oncolysis of human glioma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 20: 88-93.

Feldman AT, Wolfe D (2014) Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Methods Mol Biol 1180: 31-43.

Jie F, Hu YC, Chen WH, Weng JH, Hu LW, Zhen S, He YJ, Quan M, Wang Y, Ren ZH (2018) Dosage-dependent effects of Eupatorium adenophorum on Saanen goat blood levels and the histopathology of several organs. Pratacul Sci 2: 11.

O’Sullivan BM (1979) Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) toxicity in horses. Aust Vet J 55: 19-21.

O’Sullivan BM (1985) Investigations into Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) toxicity in horses. Aust Vet J 62: 30-32.

Pessoa CR, Pessoa AF, Maia LA, Medeiros RM, Colegate SM, Barros SS, Soares MP, Borges AS, Riet-Correa F (2013) Pulmonary and hepatic lesions caused by the dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid-producing plants Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria retusa in donkeys. Toxicon 71: 113-120.

Rhiouani H, El-Hilaly J, Israili ZH, Lyoussi B (2008) Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of an aqueous extract of the leaves of Herniaria glabra in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol 118: 378-386.

Sun W, Zeng C, Yue D, Liu S, Ren Z, Zuo Z, Deng J, Peng G, Hu Y (2019) Ageratina adenophora causes spleen toxicity by inducing oxida-tive stress and pyroptosis in mice. R Soc Open Sci 6: 190127.