Humanities and Social Sciences

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2022 | vol. 53 | No 1

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Abstract

Previous studies reported that mental health and emotion regulation strategies deteriorated in the refugee sample. The main goal of the study was to analyze the mediation effect of emotion regulation strategies as expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal between resilience to helplessness – depression and flourishing. The second aim was to determine to what extent emotion regulation strategies and resilience to helplessness-depression predicted flourishing. Forty-seven Syrian refugees, aged 18-64, who were settled in Istanbul fulfilled the coping competence questionnaire (CCQ), the flourishing scale, and the emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ). The serial mediation analysis indicated that expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal had a significant indirect mediating effect between resilience to helplessness-depression and flourishing. Multiple regression analysis showed that expressive suppression was a negative predictor of flourishing. However, both cognitive reappraisal and resilience to helplessness – depression were positive predictors of flourishing. Moreover, ERQ, flourishing, and CCQ scales showed good internal reliability consistency scores in the refugee group. The study suggested that improvement in emotion regulation strategies may be a helpful strategy in the therapeutic setting.
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Authors and Affiliations

Emrullah Ecer
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Ural Federal University, Cognitive Neuroscience, MA
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Abstract

This paper conducts a comparative analysis of internal conflict’s intensity among students according to three parameters (loneliness, guilt, and resentment), taking into account digital technology use. The research was conducted in 2020 in Moscow (Russian Federation) among 98 university students, who were diagnosed with intrapersonal conflict. Interviewing methods and Gestalt therapy were used to reduce the intensity of internal conflicts. The level of three parameters among students at the beginning and at the end of the study was taken into account: loneliness, resentment, guilt. The number of students with a high level of loneliness decreased 25 times (p≤0.001) after therapy. The number of students with an average level of loneliness increased because students with a high level of loneliness moved into this category. The number of students with a maximum level of resentment decreased fivefold, and there was a 17-fold decrease in students with a high level of resentment (p≤0.001). There were no students with a maximum level of guilt after the consultation, while the number of students with a high level of guilt decreased only 0.5 times (p≤0.05) because students from the previous category moved to this one. The most popular activities among students were Internet use (100% of students), reading books (61 students, p≤0.05 compared to the Internet use), and watching TV (32 students, p≤0.01).
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Authors and Affiliations

Kseniia Pitulko
1
Olga Li
2
Olga Kolosova
3 4
Tatiana Sedova
5
Nataliya Antonova
6

  1. Saint Petersburg’ Institute of the All-Russian State University of Justice, Russian Law Academy of the Ministry of Justice of Russian Federation
  2. Perm State Research University, Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service
  3. State University of Management, Moscow
  4. State University named by A. N. Kosygina (Technology. Design. Art), Moscow
  5. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
  6. Moscow City University
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Abstract

Covid-19 pandemic is severely impacting worldwide. A line of research warned that facial occlusion may impair facial emotion recognition, whilst prior research highlighted the role of Trait Emotional Intelligence in the recognition of non-verbal social stimuli. The sample consisted of 102 emerging adults, aged 18-24 (M = 20.76; SD = 2.10; 84% females, 16% males) and were asked to recognize four different emotions (happiness, fear, anger, and sadness) in fully visible faces and in faces wearing a mask and to complete a questionnaire assessing Trait Emotional Intelligence. Results highlighted that individuals displayed lower accuracy in detecting happiness and fear in covered faces, while also being more inaccurate in reporting correct answers. The results show that subjects provide more correct answers when the photos show people without a mask than when they are wearing it. In addition, participants give more wrong answers when there are subjects wearing masks in the photos than when they are not wearing it. In addition, participants provide more correct answers regarding happiness and sadness when in the photos the subjects are not wearing the mask, compared to when they are wearing it. Implications are discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marco Cannavò
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nadia Barberis
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rosalba Larcan
2
ORCID: ORCID
Francesca Cuzzocrea
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Università degli studi Magna Graecia Catanzaro, Italy
  2. Università degli studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
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Abstract

Hope is often treated as a priceless human value anchored in goal-related cognitions. The experiment aimed to investigate whether current hopeful thinking is related to problem-solving performance and how induced goal-oriented thinking influences this problem-solving process. Participants (N = 410) were asked to recall and describe their successful or unsuccessful goal pursuit and complete a scale assessing current hopeful thinking. Subsequently, participants were instructed to (1) think about actions that would be taken to solve the societal problem (i.e., an insufficient number of volunteers in Social Welfare Centers) and (2) describe these actions. In general, people who recalled successful events felt more hopeful than those who recalled unsuccessful events. State Hope was positively correlated with both the quantity (i.e., the total number of solutions) and quality (i.e., usefulness) of participants’ offered solutions. No interaction between State Hope and type of conditions with solution quantity or solution quality was found. State hope, however, interacted with the type of recalled goal pursuit when sex differences were considered. More hopeful women had a better solution quality when they recalled an unsuccessful goal pursuit. For men, a similar pattern was found when they recalled a successful goal pursuit. Lastly, the findings were discussed in light of Snyder’s Theory of Hope.
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Authors and Affiliations

Weronika Daria Trzmielewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Rak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Szymon Wrześniowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Pontifical University of John Paul II, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

The concept of body image can be considered on many levels, but constant is the fact that it is a mental image: of the size, shape, and form of one’s own body, influencing one’s overall self-image. Previous multifaceted research shows that perceptions of body image can be influenced among other things by physical activity or personality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between body image perception and personality, considering individuals who regularly practice physical activity (N= 104). The following research tools were used: IPIP- BFM-20, Body Esteem Scale and a questionnaire consisting of questions allowing for the respondents’ characterization. Analysis of the collected data revealed that almost half of the respondents are currently dissatisfied with their body image. It was also noted that those who were satisfied with their body image scored statistically significantly higher on two of the five personality traits measured: Extraversion and Emotional Stability. The results obtained showing the relationship between personality and body image perception are consistent with previous studies in which the type of physical activity and its frequency were not examined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wiktoria Kujawa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Zabiegliński
1
Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Abstract

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the influence of the Internet and media resources is growing and there is a tendency to develop virtual personalities that have little to do with reality and show the features of an antisocial person. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying aspects and characteristics of a network personality that is influenced by modern media resources. The leading methods of studying this problem are methods of analysis, deduction and classification, which will help to recognize the most basic aspects of the figurative-visual transformation of a person on the Internet, show the results of the influence of social networks on a person and demonstrate the changes that a person is exposed to in the Internet space. The article reveals and substantiates the features and aspects that are distinctive for an individual in the Internet society, negative and positive characteristics of Internet users. The author substantiates the daily interactivity of social media. Also, the most relevant and influential forms of network interaction are shown and the frequency of their use is analysed. The materials of the article are of practical value for students, teenagers, youth, parents, future teachers who should know the aspect of the manifestation of personality transformation in the Internet space.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elissa Bagayeva
1

  1. Individual Entrepreneur Bagayeva Elissa Petrovna, Otegen Batyr, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Abstract

The need for innovative approaches to the training of future teachers is determined by the renewal and creation of the content of the educational process in higher education institutions, taking into account the creative development of the individual. Unfortunately, the traditional methods and forms of teaching used in higher education do not provide full and continuous effectiveness of professional training of future teachers. While the specialists of the new formation are required to acquire thorough professional knowledge and skills, a high level of intellectual development and civic position, the ability to constant personal and professional self-improvement. The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of the creative potential of future teachers as a mental basis for professional self-improvement of high school teachers and experimental analysis of the components of the creative potential of future teachers, the study of teachers’ attitudes to professional development. Based on the results of the research, the criteria and indicators of the formation of the creative potential of future teachers were determined; developed diagnostic and methodological tools for certain criteria and indicators. Psychological and pedagogical diagnostics were carried out to differentiate the levels of formation of the creative potential of students of pedagogical specialties.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sofiia O. Dovbnia
1
Nataliia I. Melnyk
2
Raisa A. Shulyhina
1
Nataliia V. Andrushchenko
2
Yuliia M. Kosenko
3

  1. National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Ukraine
  2. National Aviation University, Ukraine
  3. South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky, Ukraine
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Abstract

Currently the recidivism rate in Ukraine. This indicates failure to achieve the goal of punishment – correction of the convict. The purpose of the article is to research the problems of resocialization of convicts, taking into consideration the psychological characteristics of the person serving the sentence. The subject of research: the subject of research is the resocialization of convicts. The following scientific methods were used to study the international experience of resocialization of convicts, to prove the hypotheses, to formulate conclusions: dialectical method, monographic method, logical method, comparative method, generalization method, system and structural method. The results of the research: it was found out that serving a certain term of imprisonment or life imprisonment affects convicts and leads to a change in their psychology in completely different ways. It is proved that the process of resocialization should be set up during the selection of convict’s type and size of punishment (taking into account the circumstances of the case, the perpetrator personality and criminogenic risks that may contribute to recidivism), continue during punishment (using training, work and communication, and providing psychological support to overcome possible psychological crises) and finish after the release from penitentiary institutions (with control over the released, employment assistance or the provision of temporary residence).
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Authors and Affiliations

Alla Yosipiv
1
Halyna Kuzan
2
Halyna Berezhnytska
3
Oksana Boiarchuk
2
Nataliya Maslak
4

  1. Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Lviv, Ukraine
  2. National University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Lviv, Ukraine
  3. Lviv National Agrarian University, Lviv, Ukraine
  4. Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Kharkiv, Ukraine

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