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Number of results: 9790
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Abstract

To increase their competitive advantage in turbulent marketplaces, contemporary manufacturers must show determination in seeking ways to: fulfill buyer orders with quality merchandise; meet deadlines; handle unexpected production disruptions; and lower the total relevant expense. To tackle the abovementioned challenges, this study explores an economic manufacturing quantity (EMQ) model with machine failure, overtime, and rework/disposal of nonconforming items; the goal is to find the best fabrication uptime that minimizes total relevant expenses. Specifically, we consider a production unit with overtime capacity as an operational feature that is linked to higher unit and setup costs. Further, its EMQ-based process is subject to random nonconforming items and failure rates. Extra screening separates the reworkable nonconforming items from scrap, and the rework is executed at the end of each cycle of regular fabrication. The failures follow a Poisson distribution, and a machine repair task starts as soon as a failure occurs; the fabrication of the lot that was interrupted resumes after the repair has been carried out. A decision model is built to capture the characteristics of the problem. Mathematical and optimization processes help in determining the optimal fabrication uptime. A numerical example not only illustrates the applicability of the research outcomes, but also reveals a diverse set of information about the individual or joint influences of deviations in mean-time-to-failure, overtime factors, and rework/disposal ratios linked to nonconforming rates related to the optimal replenishment uptime, total operating expenses, and various cost contributors; this facilitates better decision making.
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Authors and Affiliations

Singa Wang Chiu
1
Tiffany Chiu
2
Yuan-Shyi Peter Chiu
3
Hong-Dar Lin
3

  1. Faculty of Business Administration, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 413, Taiwan
  2. Faculty of Anisfield School of Business, Ramapo College of New Jersey, Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA
  3. Faculty of Industrial Engineering & Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung City 413, Taiwan
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Abstract

Industry 4.0 (I4) as a concept offers powerful opportunities for many businesses. The set of Industry 4.0 technologies is still discussed, and boundaries are not perfectly clear. However, implementation of Industry 4.0 concept becomes strategic principle, and necessary condition for succeeding on turbulent markets. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was used before I4 emerged. However, it should be treated as its important part and even enabler. The question arises how adoption of RFID was impacted by I4 paradigm. Therefore, to answer this question a set of technology management tools was selected and applied to forecast RFID potential development in forthcoming years. Moreover, case studies were conducted for technology management tools and their applications for RFID for qualitative discussion of its relevance. It aimed to prove that existing toolset should be applied for modern technologies related to I4. Tools were proven to be necessary and successful. However, some specific challenges were observed and discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartlomiej Gladysz
1
Donatella Corti
2
Elias Montini
2

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Production Systems Organization, Warsaw, Poland
  2. University of Applied Science and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Department of Innovative Technologies
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Abstract

The presence of the spare parts stock is a necessity to ensure the continuity of services. The supply of spare parts is a special case of the global supply chain. The main objective of our research is to propose a global spare parts management approach which allows decision makers to determine the essential points in stock management. Thus, it is important for the stock manager to evaluate the system considered from time to time based on performance indicators. Some of these indicators are presented in the form of a dashboard. The presentation of this chapter chronologically traces the progress of our research work. In the first part, we present the work related to the forecast of spare parts needs through parametric and statistical methods as well as a Bayesian modelling of demand forecasting. To measure the appreciation of the supply of spare parts inventory, the second part focuses on work related to the evaluation of the performance of the spare parts system. Thus, we concretize the link between the management of spare parts and maintenance in the third part, more precisely, in the performance evaluation of the joint -management of spare parts and maintenance, in order to visualize the influence of parameters on the system. In the last section of this chapter, we will present the metaheuristic methods and their use in the management of spare parts and maintenance and make an analysis on work done in the literature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oumaima Bounou
1
Abdellah El Barkany
1
Ahmed El Biyaali
1

  1. Mechanical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Morocco
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Abstract

So far, numerous studies have been published on the selection of appropriate maintenance tactics based on some factors affecting them such as time, cost, and risk. This paper aims to develop the TRIZ contradiction matrix by explaining the dimensions and components of each of the following Reactive maintenance tactics. The related findings of previous studies were analyzed by adopting “Rousseau and Sandoski” seven-step method to identify and extract the relationships between TRIZ principles and Reactive maintenance tactics. Thereafter, 5 Reactive maintenance tactics were replaced TRIZ’s 40 principles in the TRIZ contradiction matrix. Finally, the ANP method were used to extract and prioritize the appropriate Reactive maintenance tactics. The proposed matrix in this research was used in the desalination section of one of the oil companies to select on the appropriate Reactive maintenance tactics. The results of this research is useful for managers and maintenance specialists of units in making decisions to provide appropriate Reactive maintenance tactics for the desired equipment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohammad Amin Mortazavi
1
Atefeh Amindoust
1
Arash Shahin
2
Mehdi Karbasian
3

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
  2. Department of Management, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
  3. Department of Industrial Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract

Industry 4.0 promises to make manufacturing processes more efficient using modern technologies like cyber-physical systems, internet of things, cloud computing and big data analytics. Lean Management (LM) is one of the most widely applied business strategies in recent decades. Thus, implementing Industry 4.0 mostly means integrating technologies in companies that already operate according to LM. However, due to the novelty of the topic, research on how LM and Industry 4.0 can be integrated is still under development. This paper explores the synergic relationship between these two domains by identifying six examples of real cases that address LM-Industry 4.0 integration in the extant literature. The goal is to make explicit the best practices that are being implemented by six distinct industrial sectors
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Authors and Affiliations

Beatrice Paiva Santos
1
Daisy Valle Enrique
1 2
Vinicius B.P. Maciel
1
Tânia Miranda Lima
1
Fernando Charrua-Santos
1
Renata Walczak
3

  1. Electromechanical Department, C-MAST, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
  2. Industrial Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
  3. University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Major manufactures are moving towards a sustainability goal. This paper introduces the results of collaboration with the leading company in the packaging and advertising industry in Germany and Poland. The problem addresses the manufacturing planning problem in terms of minimizing the total cost of production. The challenge was to bring a new production planning method into cardboard manufacturing and paper processing which minimizes waste, improves the return of expenses, and automates daily processes heavily dependent on the production planners’ experience. The authors developed a module that minimizes the total cost, which reduces the overproduction and is used by the company’s manufacturing planning team. The proposed approach incorporates planning allowances rules to compromise the manufacturing requirements and production cost minimization.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kateryna Czerniachowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Żywicki
2
ORCID: ORCID
Radosław Wichniarek
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw, Poland
  2. Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract

The industrial revolution taking place since the 18th century has brought the global economies to the stage of mass production, mass industrialization and spreading ideas connected with its efficiency. The most famous of its kind is Fordism and its modern variations called PostFordism or Neo-Fordism. We can still see traditional way of producing things in some parts of the world, and the leading economies are using Ford’s ideas or the modifications of the Ford’s concepts. But there is a question about the place of these models in the modern economy, especially because mass-production causes mass-waste and modern societies has woken up to the reality of the global pollution, climate change or just the simple fact that the amount of the raw materials is limited. The social mood is slowly changing so there should be a change to the way we produce and consume things as well. There is a question: can we proceed within existing models or should we think outside the box so we can invent more suitable way of looking at efficiency and effectiveness. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the discussion about the future of how are we going to produce things. It is based on the literature review considering Fordism and its variations, Product Life Cycle facing issues like pollution, massive waste and changes in modern economy, as well as on the case study of implementing waste reduction activities in the product’ design phase in the industrial plant based in one of the EU countries – Poland.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Bednarek
1 2
Aneta Parkes
3

  1. Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa, Warszawa, Poland
  2. Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
  3. Społeczna Akademia Nauk, Łódź, Poland
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Abstract

As the corporate culture and re/setting of employer – employee relations is crucial due to changes in workplace due to impact of COVID-19, this article aims to identify types of organizational culture, and to find impact on the implementation of HR activities and employer branding, including classification of organizations by their defined strategies. A model of organizational culture, including its systematic relationships, is proposed and tested using a sample of 402 organizations across sectors operating in the Czech Republic as a characteristic economy in Central Eastern European region. This model includes different dimensions of internal brand management and manifestations of organizational culture. Data are analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistics. Identification of a suitable type of organizational culture leads towards successful employer branding and work engagement; brand identification and communication directly raise positive perception of organizational culture. Three major areas of use of organizational culture and branding have been identified: re-setting of personnel processes depending on the change of organization’s size, on the decline in labor productivity and on organizational mergers, changes in scope of business and in market position. The results suggest that orientation on employee engagement is a better predictor of (positive) organizational culture than increase in productivity. Furthermore, the results explain supportive roles of organizational culture towards customers and employees. The results extend theory by empirical analysis of organizational culture and internal brand management from the employers’ perspective.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hana Urbancová
1
Lucie Depoo
2

  1. University of Economics and Management, Department of Human Resources
  2. University of Economics and Management, Department of Management
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Abstract

Commercialization processes are modeled and analyzed from the point of view of the implementation of activities under particular stages. These issues are the subject of many studies and analyzes, which is why the extensive literature is available on this subject. Technology valuation at various stages of the commercialization process is a separate issue. Such valuation is prepared in most cases by consulting companies for determining the price in the buying and selling processes. These valuations use known methods also used in other cases, e.g., real estate valuation. The work carried out presents the author’s concept of the commercialization process model, taking into account the costs and value of the technology at various stages of the product life cycle. The model uses a stochastic approach to determine future revenues and costs, which allows estimating the value of the technology by or in determining the probability of assessment validity. The proposed stochastic approach greatly increases the chances of using the presented solutions in practical activities related to technology valuation for the purposes of purchase and sale transactions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bozena Kaczmarska
1
Wacław Gierulski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Josef Zajac
2
Anton Bittner
2
Wacław Gierulski
1

  1. Kielce University of Technology, Poland
  2. Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia
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Abstract

The market of consumer goods requires nowadays quick response to customer needs. As a consequence, this is transferred to the time restrictions that the semi-finished product manufacturer must meet. Therefore the cost of manufacturing cannot determine how production processes are designed, and the main evaluation function of manufacturing processes is the response time to customers’ orders. One of the ideas for implementing this idea is the QRM (Quick Response Manufacturing) production organization system. The purpose of the research undertaken by the authors was to develop an innovative solution in the field of production structure, allowing for the implementation of the QRM concept in a Contract Manufacturer, which realizes its tasks according to engineering-to-order (ETO) system in conditions defined as High Mix, Low Volume, High Complexity. The object of the research was to select appropriate methods for grouping products assuming that certain operations will be carried out in traditional but well-organized technological and/or linear cells. The research was carried out in one of the largest producers of sheet metal components in Europe. Pre-completed groupings for data obtained from the company had indicated that – among the classical methods – the best results had been given by the following methods: King’s Algorithm (otherwise called: Binary Ordering, Rank Order Clustering), k-means, and Kohonen’s neural networks. The results of the tests and preliminary simulations based on the data from the company proved that the implementation of the QRM concept does not have to be associated with the absolute formation of multi-purpose cells. It turned out that the effect of reducing the response time to customer needs can be obtained by using hybrid structures that combine solutions characteristic of cellular systems with traditional systems such as a technological, linear, or mixed structure. However, this requires the application of technological solutions with the highest level of organization.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Duda
1
Andrzej Macioł
2
Stanisław Jedrusik
2
Bogdan Rebiasz
2
A. Stawowy
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Sopinska-Lenart
3
Adam Stawowy
2

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Management, Kraków, Poland
  2. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Management, Kraków, Poland
  3. Addit Sp. z o.o., Wegrow, Poland
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Abstract

Artificial neural network (ANN), a Computational tool that is frequently applied in the modeling and simulation of manufacturing processes. The emerging forming technique of sheet metal which is typically called single point incremental forming (SPIF) comes into the map and the research interest towards its technological parameters. The surface quality of the end product is a major issue in SPIF, which is more critical with the hard metals. The part of the brass metal is demanded in many industrial uses because of its high load-carrying capacity and its wear resistance property. Considering the industrial interest and demand of the brass metal products, the present study is done with the SPIF experiment on calamine brass Cu67Zn33 followed by an ANN analysis for predicting the absolute surface roughness. The modeling result shows a close agreement with the measured data. The minimum and maximum errors are found in experiment 3 and experiment 7 respectively. The error of predicted roughness is found in the range of –30.87 to 20.23 and the overall coefficient of performance of ANN modeling is 0.947 which is quite acceptable.
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Authors and Affiliations

Manish Oraon
1
Vinay Sharma
1

  1. Birla Institute of Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering, India
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the pollution level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and selected chloroorganic pesticides (HCH isomers, DDT and its metabolites, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, endosulfan I and II, and methoxychlor) in surface sediments from selected fjords, tidal plains and lakes from the North Svalbard area. The sediments were collected from 34 sampling stations in July 2005. Only endosulfan I and methoxychlor, among selected chloroorganic pesticides, were measured in concentrations near detection limit (LoD) in fourteen sediment samples. The sum of seven PCB congeners varied from < 0.9 to 5.6 ng g-1 d.w. in sediments from fjords and tidal plains and from < 0.1 to 14.6 ng g-1 d.w. in sediments from lakes. The concentrations of analysed PAH compounds in surface sediments from lakes were over ten times higher (Ʃ16PAHs to 429 ng g-1 d.w.) than in sediments from fjords and tidal plains (Ʃ16PAHs to 36 ng g-1 d.w.).

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Authors and Affiliations

Grażyna Sapota
Barbara Wojtasik
Dorota Burska
Kamil Nowiński
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Abstract

A large sample of more than 1500 individuals of scavenging Amphipoda from fur seal carcass was studied. Six species have been identified. The two most abundant species, Abyssorchomene plebs and Waldeckia obesa, are sublittoral, necrophagous amphipods that could attack the carcass when submerged in the sea. After stranding on the beach they became an attractive food source for birds eating not only the seal tissues but also the scavenging amphipods. The species composition of the present sample as well as earlier data on Antarctic tern stomach content and baited traps taken in the same area and at the same time agreed quite well. These observations confirm the expectation that Antarctic tern feeds on necrophagous amphipods picked out from carcasses stranding on the sea shore.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Jażdżewska
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Abstract

Penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes) hold much interest for many people, including (but not limited to) scientists. According to results of molecular studies, penguin history began in the Cretaceous, but the oldest bones assigned to these birds are Paleocene in age. The first fossil representative of Sphenisciformes formally described was Palaeeudyptes antarcticus, and this event took place 150 years ago. Since that time, several dozens of species have been erected, though not all of them have stood a test of time. The 21st century entered new dynamics into the paleontology of penguins, and (importantly) it concerned both the new material, and new theories. This paper summarizes what we currently know about extinct penguins and indirectly suggests the most promising areas for further research.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Jadwiszczak
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the anisakid nematode distribution pattern in the fish collected from the South Shetland Islands . A total of 32 fish species were examined for the presence of nematodes in 1978, 1979, 1981 and 2007/2008. The fish were caught off the South Shetland Islands ( Elephant Island , Shishkov Island and in Admiralty Bay – King George Island ). Three genera of L3 larval nematodes were identified: Anisakis sp., Contracaecum spp. and Pseudoterranova decipiens. The infection level was higher on the shelf around the islands than in Admiralty Bay . This is explained by a higher abundance of the final hosts in the region. A comparison of the infection data from 1978/79 and 2007/2008 with data from 1994/96 (Palm et al. 1998, 2007) was done. The parameters of infection of Notothenia coriiceps and Lepidonotothen nudifrons by Pseudoterranova decipiens were decreasing within the 30 years period.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Rokicki
Galina Rodjuk
Krzysztof Zdzitowiecki
Zdzisław Laskowski
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Abstract

Since 1978 the retreat of Ecology Glacier in the vicinity of Henryk Arctowski Station has opened new ice-free areas for colonization by terrestrial organisms initiated by pioneer microbes. Samples were collected from the soil surface, at 0, 5 and 20 cm below surface close to glacier front, then stored at below -20°C . Total bacterial count (TC), estimated by epifluorescence microscopy, reached high values, of 1010 g-1 dry wt. Healthy looking bacterial cells of mean volume 0.0209 µm3 at 0 cm to 0.0292 µm3 at 20 cm made up from 7% at 0 cm , to 30% at 20 cm of total bacterial population. The number of colony forming units (CFU) accounted for only 0.02% of TC. Taxonomically they belonged to the a, b, g subdivisions of the proteobacteria and to the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) group. Morphophysiologically CFU bacteria were diverse, from Gram variable short coccal forms to very long rods or filaments. Randomly selected CFU colonies were characterized by low sugar assimilation and high esterase/lipase activity. Spore forming bacteria – absent from 0 and 5 cm , formed a small fraction of 175 cells g-1 dry wt at the 20 cm depth. Filamentous fungi were relatively abundant and represented mainly by oligotrophs.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Grzesiak
Magdalena Żmuda−Baranowska
Piotr Borsuk
Marek Zdanowski
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Abstract

This paper aims to develop new highly efficient PSC-algorithms (algorithms that contain a polynomial-time sub-algorithm with sufficient conditions for the optimality of the solutions obtained) for several interrelated problems involving identical parallel machine scheduling. These problems share common basic theoretical positions and common principles of their solving. Two main intractable scheduling problems are considered: (“Minimization of the total tardiness of jobs on parallel machines with machine release times and a common due date” (TTPR) and “Minimising the total tardiness of parallel machines completion times with respect to the common due date with machine release times” (TTCR)) and an auxiliary one (“Minimising the difference between the maximal and the minimal completion times of the machines” (MDMM)). The latter is used to efficiently solve the first two ones. For the TTPR problem and its generalisation in the case when there are machines with release times that extend past the common due date (TTPRE problem), new theoretical properties are given, which were obtained on the basis of the previously published ones. Based on the new theoretical results and computational experiments the PSC-algorithm solving these two problems is modified (sub-algorithms A1, A2). Then the auxiliary problem MDMM is considered and Algorithm A0 is proposed for its solving. Based on the analysis of computational experiments, A0 is included in the PSC-algorithm for solving the problems TTPR, TTPRE as its polynomial component for constructing a schedule with zero tardiness of jobs if such a schedule exists (a new third sufficient condition of optimality). Next, the second intractable combinatorial optimization problem TTCR is considered, deducing its sufficient conditions of optimality, and it is shown that Algorithm A0 is also an efficient polynomial component of the PSC-algorithm solving the TTCR problem. Next, the case of a schedule structure is analysed (partially tardy), in which the functionals of the TTPR and TTCR problems become identical. This facilitates the use of Algorithm A1 for the TTPR problem in this case of the TTCR problem. For Algorithm A1, in addition to the possibility of obtaining a better solution, there exists a theoretically proven estimate of the deviation of the solution from the optimum. Thus, the second PSC-algorithm solving the TTCR problem finds an exact solution or an approximate solution with a strict upper bound for its deviation from the optimum. The practicability of solving the problems under consideration is substantiated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sergii Telenyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Grzegorz Nowakowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr Pavlov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Misura
2
ORCID: ORCID
Oleg Melnikov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Khalus
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
  2. National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Prosp. Peremohy 37, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Abstract

The paper presents an off-line application that determines the maximum accuracy of the reference points for the given dynamics parameters of a CNC machine. These parameters are maximum speed, acceleration, and JERK. The JERK parameter determines the rate of change of acceleration. These parameters are defined for each working axis of the machine. The main achievement of the algorithm proposed in the article is the determination of the smallest error specified for each reference point resulting from the implemented G-code for the considered dynamic parameters of the CNC machine. The solutions to this problem in industry consider the improvement in the accuracy of hitting the reference points, but they do not provide information on whether the obtained solution is optimal for such parameters of the machine dynamics. The algorithm makes the accuracy dependent on the adopted dynamic parameters of the machine and the parameters of the PLC controller used in the CNC machine.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bogdan Kwiatkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tadeusz Kwater
2
ORCID: ORCID
Damian Mazur
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Bartman
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fundamentals, Rzeszow University of Technology, ul. W. Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
  2. Institute of Technical Engineering, State University of Technology and Economics in Jaroslaw, ul. Czarnieckiego 16, 37-500 Jaroslaw, Poland
  3. University of Rzeszow, ul. Rejtana 16C, Rzeszow, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of utilizing sodium alginate biopolymer as animmobilization carrier for laccase in the removal of indigo carmine (IC), an anionic dye. The main goal of this work was to optimize the decolourization process by selecting the appropriate immobilized enzyme dose per 1 mg of dye, as well as the process temperature. The effective immobilization of laccase using sodium alginate as a carrier was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. An analysis of the size and geometric parameters of the alginate beads was also carried out. Tests of IC decolourization using alginate-laccase beads were conducted. Applying the most effective dose of the enzyme (320 mg of enzyme/1 mg of IC) made it possible to remove 92.5% of the dye over 40 days. The optimal temperature for the IC decolourization process, using laccase immobilized on sodium alginate, was established at 30-40ºC. The obtained results indicate that laccase from Trametes versicolor immobilized on sodium alginate was capable of decolourizing the tested dye primarily based on mechanism of biocatalysis.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Białowąs
1
ORCID: ORCID
Beata Kończak
1
Stanisław Chałupnik
1
Joanna Kalka
2
Magdalena Cempa
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Central Mining Institute – National Research Institute, Katowice, Poland
  2. Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering,The Silesian University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

This study developed an ankle rehabilitation device for post-stroke patients. First, the research models and dynamic equations of the device are addressed. Second, the Sliding Mode Controller for the ankle rehabilitation device is designed, and the device's response is simulated on the software MATLAB. Third, the ankle rehabilitation device is successfully manufactured from aluminum and uses linear actuators to emulate dorsiflexion and plantarflexion exercises for humans. The advantages of the device are a simple design, low cost, and mounts onto rehabilitative equipment. The device can operate fast through experiments, has a foot drive mechanism overshoot of 0°, and a maximum angle error of 1°. Moreover, the rehabilitation robot can operate consistently and is comfortable for stroke patients to use. Finally, we will fully develop the device and proceed to clinical implementation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Minh Duc Dao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xuan Tuy Tran
2
Dang Phuoc Pham
1
Quoc Anh Ngo
1
Thi Thuy Tram Le
3

  1. Faculty Technology and Engineering, The Pham Van Dong University, Quang Ngai, Vietnam
  2. Faculty Technology of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Danang – University of Science and Technology, Danang, Vietnam
  3. The Faculty Electronic-Electrical, The Quang Nam College, Quang Nam, Vietnam
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Abstract

Biogas is a gaseous biofuel predominantly composed of methane and carbon-dioxide. Stability of biogas flames strongly depend upon the amount of carbon-dioxide present in biogas, which varies with the source of biomass and reactor. In this paper, a comprehensive study on the stability and flame characteristics of coflow biogas diffusion flames is reported. Numerical simulations are carried out using reactive flow module in OpenFOAM, incorporated with variable thermophysical properties, Fick’s and Soret diffusion, and short chemical kinetics mechanism. Effects of carbon-dioxide content in the biogas, temperatures of the fuel or coflowing air streams (preheated reactant) and hydrogen addition to fuel or air streams are analyzed. Entropy generation in these flames is also predicted. Results show that the flame temperature increases with the degree of preheat of reactants and the flames show better stability with the preheated air stream. Preheating the air contributes to increased flame stability and also to a significant decrease in entropy generation. Hydrogen addition, contributing to the same power rating, is seen to be relatively more effective in increasing the flame stability when added to the fuel stream. Results in terms of flow, temperature, species and entropy fields, are used to describe the stability and flame characteristics.
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Authors and Affiliations

R. Nivethana Kumar
1
S. Muthu Kumaran
1
Vasudevan Raghavan
1

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 600036, India
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Abstract

This paper concerns the analytical investigation of the axisymmetric and steady flow of incompressible couple stress fluid through a rigid sphere embedded in a porous medium. In the porous region, the flow field is governed by Brinkman's equation. Here we consider uniform flow at a distance from the sphere. The boundary conditions applied on the surface of the sphere are the slip condition and zero couple stress. Analytical solution of the problem in the terms of stream function is presented by modified Bessel functions. The drag experienced by an incompressible couple stress fluid on the sphere within the porous medium is calculated. The effects of the slip parameter, the couple stress parameter, and permeability on the drag are represented graphically. Special cases of viscous flow through a sphere are obtained and the results are compared with earlier published results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krishna Prasad Madasu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Priya Sarkar
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Raipur-492010, Chhattisgarh, India
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Abstract

The Inconel 718 alloys, which are primarily temperature resistant, are widely used in aviation, aerospace and nuclear industries. The study on dry cutting processes for this alloy becomes difficult due to its high hardness and low thermal conductivity, wherein, most of the heat transfers due to friction are accumulated over the tool surface. Further, several challenges like increased cutting force, developing high temperature and rapid tool wear are observed during its machining process. To overcome these, the coated tool inserts are used for machining the superalloys. In the present work, the cemented carbide tool is coated with chemical vapor deposition multi-layering Al 2O 3/TiCN under the dry cutting environment. The machining processes are carried out with varying cutting speeds: 65, 81, 95, and 106 m/min, feed rate 0.1 mm/rev, and depth of cut 0.2 mm. The variation in the cutting speeds can attain high temperatures, which may activate built-up-edge development which leads to extensive tool wear. In this context, the detailed chip morphology and its detailed analysis are carried out initially to understand the machining performance. Simultaneously, the surface roughness of the machined surface is studied for a clear understanding of the machining process. The potential tool wear mechanism in terms of abrasion, adhesion, tool chip off, delaminating of coating, flank wear, and crater wear is extensively identified during the processes. From the results, it is observed that the machining process at 81 m/min corresponds to a better machining process in terms of lesser cutting force, lower cutting temperature, better surface finish, and reduced tool wear than the other machining processes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shailesh Rao Agari
1

  1. Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka, India

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