Applied sciences

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

Content

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 69 | No 1

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This paper concerns the analytical investigation of the axisymmetric and steady flow of incompressible couple stress fluid through a rigid sphere embedded in a porous medium. In the porous region, the flow field is governed by Brinkman's equation. Here we consider uniform flow at a distance from the sphere. The boundary conditions applied on the surface of the sphere are the slip condition and zero couple stress. Analytical solution of the problem in the terms of stream function is presented by modified Bessel functions. The drag experienced by an incompressible couple stress fluid on the sphere within the porous medium is calculated. The effects of the slip parameter, the couple stress parameter, and permeability on the drag are represented graphically. Special cases of viscous flow through a sphere are obtained and the results are compared with earlier published results.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] J. Bear. Dynamics of fluids in porous media. Courier Corporation, 2013.
[2] H.C. Brinkman. A calculation of the viscous force exerted by a flowing fluid on a dense swarm of particles. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 1(1):27–34, 1949. doi: 10.1007/bf02120313.
[3] R.H. Davis and H.A. Stone. Flow through beds of porous particles. Chemical Engineering Science, 48(23):3993–4005, 1993. doi: 10.1016/0009-2509(93)80378-4.
[4] B. Barman. Flow of a Newtonian fluid past an impervious sphere embedded in a porous medium. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 27:1249–1256, 1996.
[5] I. Pop and D.B. Ingham. Flow past a sphere embedded in a porous medium based on the Brinkman model. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 23(6):865–874, 1996. doi: 10.1016/0735-1933(96)00069-3.
[6] D. Srinivasacharya and J.V. Ramana Murthy. Flow past an axisymmetric body embedded in a saturated porous medium. Comptes Rendus Mécanique, 330(6):417–423, 2002. doi: 10.1016/s1631-0721(02)01478-x.
[7] T. Grosan, A. Postelnicu, and I. Pop. Brinkman flowof a viscous fluid through a spherical porous medium embedded in another porous medium. Transport in Porous Media, 81(1):89–103, 2010. doi: 10.1007/s11242-009-9389-y.
[8] S. Deo and B.R. Gupta. Drag on a porous sphere embedded in another porous medium. Journal of Porous Media, 13(11):1009–1016, 2010. doi: 10.1615/JPorMedia.v13.i11.70.
[9] N.E. Leontev. Flow past a cylinder and a sphere in a porous medium within the framework of the Brinkman equation with the Navier boundary condition. Fluid Dynamics, 49(2):232–237, 2014. doi: 10.1134/S0015462814020112.
[10] S. El-Sapa. Effect of permeability of Brinkman flow on thermophoresis of a particle in a spherical cavity. European Journal of Mechanics-B/Fluids, 79:315–323, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2019.09.017.
[11] M.S. Faltas, H.H. Sherief, A.A. Allam, and B.A. Ahmed. Mobilities of a spherical particle straddling the interface of a semi-infinite Brinkman flow. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 143(7):071402, 2021. doi: 10.1115/1.4049931.
[12] M. Krishna Prasad and D. Srinivasacharya. Micropolar fluid flow through a cylinder and a sphere embedded in a porous medium. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research, 44(3):229–240, 2017. doi: 10.1615/InterJFluidMechRes.2017015283.
[13] B.R. Jaiswal. A non-Newtonian liquid sphere embedded in a polar fluid saturated porous medium: Stokes flow. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 316:488–503, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2017.08.009.
[14] K. Ramalakshmi and P. Shukla. Drag on a fluid sphere embedded in a porous medium with solid core. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research, 46(3):219–228, 2019. doi: 10.1615/InterJFluidMechRes.2018025197.
[15] K.P. Madasu and T. Bucha. Influence of mhd on micropolar fluid flow past a sphere implanted in porous media. Indian Journal of Physics, 95(6):1175–1183, 2021. doi: 10.1007/s12648-020-01759-7.
[16] V.K. Stokes. Couple stresses in fluids. In Theories of Fluids with Microstructure, pages 34–80. Springer, 1966. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-82351-0_4.
[17] V.K. Stokes. Theories of Fluids with Microstructure: An Introduction. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-82351-0.
[18] D. Pal, N. Rudraiah, and R. Devanathan. A couple stress model of blood flow in the microcirculation. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 50(4):329–344, 1988. doi: 10.1007/BF02459703.
[19] N.A. Khan, A. Mahmood, and A. Ara. Approximate solution of couple stress fluid with expanding or contracting porous channel. Engineering Computations, 30(3):399–408, 2013. doi: 10.1108/02644401311314358.
[20] D. Srinivasacharya and K. Kaladhar. Mixed convection flowof couple stress fluid in a non-Darcy porous medium with Soret and Dufour effects. Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 15(4):415–422, 2012.
[21] M. Devakar, D. Sreenivasu, and B. Shankar. Analytical solutions of couple stress fluid flows with slip boundary conditions. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 53(3):723–730, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2014.06.005.
[22] D. Srinivasacharya, N. Srinivasacharyulu, and O. Odelu. Flow of couple stress fluid between two parallel porous plates. International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 41(2).
[23] E.A. Ashmawy. Drag on a slip spherical particle moving in a couple stress fluid. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 55(2):1159–1164, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2016.03.032.
[24] P. Aparna, P. Padmaja, N. Pothanna, and J.V. Ramana Murthy. Couple stress fluid flow due to slow steady oscillations of a permeable sphere. Nonlinear Engineering, 9(1):352–360, 2020. doi: 10.1515/nleng-2020-0021.
[25] S.O. Adesanya, S.O. Kareem, J.A. Falade, and S.A. Arekete. Entropy generation analysis for a reactive couple stress fluid flow through a channel saturated with porous material. Energy, 93:1239–1245, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.115.
[26] A.R. Hassan. The entropy generation analysis of a reactive hydromagnetic couple stress fluid flow through a saturated porous channel. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 369:124843, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2019.124843.
[27] S.I.Abdelsalam, J.X.Velasco-Hernández, and A.Z. Zaher. Electro-magnetically modulated selfpropulsion of swimming sperms via cervical canal. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 20(3):861–878, 2021. doi: 10.1007/s10237-020-01407-3.
[28] M.M. Bhatti, S.Z. Alamri, R. Ellahi, and S.I. Abdelsalam. Intra-uterine particle–fluid motion through a compliant asymmetric tapered channel with heat transfer. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 144(6):2259–2267, 2021. doi: 10.1007/s10973-020-10233-9.
[29] A.R. Hadjesfandiari and G.F. Dargush. Polar continuum mechanics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1009.3252, 2010.
[30] A.R. Hadjesfandiari and G.F. Dargush. Couple stress theory for solids. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 48(18):2496–2510, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2011.05.002.
[31] A.R. Hadjesfandiari, G.F. Dargush, and A. Hajesfandiari. Consistent skew-symmetric couple stress theory for size-dependent creeping flow. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 196:83–94, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2012.12.012.
[32] A.R. Hadjesfandiari, A. Hajesfandiari, and G.F. Dargush. Skew-symmetric couple-stress fluid mechanics. Acta Mechanica, 226(3):871–895, 2015. doi: 10.1007/s00707-014-1223-0.
[33] C.L.M.H. Navier. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences de l’Institut de France. Royale des Sciences de l’Institut de France, 1823.
[34] I.M. Eldesoky, S.I. Abdelsalam, W.A. El-Askary, A.M. El-Refaey, and M.M. Ahmed. Joint effect of magnetic field and heat transfer on particulate fluid suspension in a catheterized wavy tube. BioNanoScience, 9(3):723–739, 2019. doi: >10.1007/s12668-019-00651-x.
[35] M.M. Bhatti and S.I. Abdelsalam. Thermodynamic entropy of a magnetized ree-eyring particle-fluid motion with irreversibility process: A mathematical paradigm. Journal of Applied Mathmatics nd Mechanics/Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, 101(6):e202000186, 2021. doi: 10.1002/zamm.202000186.
[36] S. El-Sapa and N.S. Alsudais. Effect of magnetic field on the motion of two rigid spheres embedded in porous media with slip surfaces. The European Physical Journal E, 44(5):1–11, 2021. doi: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00073-2.
[37] K.P. Madasu, M. Kaur, and T. Bucha. Slow motion past a spheroid implanted in a Brinkman medium: Slip condition. International Journal of Applied and Computational Mathematics, 7(4):1–15, 2021. doi: 10.1007/s40819-021-01104-4.
[38] J. Happel and H. Brenner. Low Reynolds Number Hydrodynamics: with Special Applications to Particulate Media. Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.
[39] S. El-Sapa, E.I. Saad, and M.S. Faltas. Axisymmetric motion of two spherical particles in a brinkman medium with slip surfaces. European Journal of Mechanics-B/Fluids, 67:306–313, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2017.10.003.
[40] V.K. Stokes. Effects of couple stresses in fluids on the creeping flow past a sphere. The Physics of Fluids, 14(7):1580–1582, 1971. doi: 10.1063/1.1693645.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Krishna Prasad Madasu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Priya Sarkar
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Raipur-492010, Chhattisgarh, India
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The present study investigates the 2D numerical analogies to the changes of the droplet shapes during the freefall for a wide range of droplet sizes through the stagnation air. The freefall velocity, shape change due to frictional force during free-fall is studied for different considered cases. With the elapse of time, a droplet with a larger initial diameter is changing its original shape more compared to droplets with a smaller diameter. In addition, the spreading of the droplet during the freefall seems more rapid for the larger-diameter droplet. When a droplet with an initial diameter of 15 mm starts to fall with gravitational force, the diameter ratio is decreasing for droplets with higher density and surface tension while droplets having lower density and surface tension show a diameter ratio greater than one. The spreading and splashing of the droplet on a solid surface and liquid storage at the time of impact are much influenced by the freefall memories of the droplet during the freefall from a certain height. These freefall memories are influenced by the fluid properties, drag force, and the freefall height. However, these freefall memories eventually regulate the deformation of the droplet during the freefall.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] X. Cao, Y. Ye, Q. Tang, E. Chen, Z. Jiang, J. Pan, and T. Guo. Numerical analysis of droplets from multinozzle inkjet printing. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 11(19):8442–8450, 2020. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02250.
[2] H. Wijshoff. Drop dynamics in the inkjet printing process. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 36:20–27, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.11.004.
[3] W. Zhou, D. Loney, A.G. Fedorov, F.L. Degertekin, and D.W. Rosen. Shape evolution of droplet impingement dynamics in ink-jet manufacturing. Proceedings for the 2011 International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, pages 309–325, Austin, USA, 2011. doi: 10.26153/tsw/15297.
[4] L. Mouzai and M. Bouhadef. Water drop erosivity: Effects on soil splash. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 41(1):61–68, 2003. doi: 10.1080/00221680309499929.
[5] M. Hajigholizadeh, A.M. Melesse, and H.R. Fuentes. Raindrop-induced erosion and sediment transport modelling in shallow waters: A review. Journal of Soil and Water Science, 1(1):15–25, 2018. doi: 10.36959/624/427.
[6] P.C. Ekern. Raindrop impact as the force initiating soil erosion. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 15(C):7–10, 1951. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1951.036159950015000C0002x.
[7] R. Andrade, O. Skurtys, and F. Osorio. Drop impact behavior on food using spray coating: Fundamentals and applications. Food Research International, 54(1):397–405, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.042.
[8] M. Toivakka. Numerical investigation of droplet impact spreading in spray coating of paper. Proceedings of the 2003 Spring Advanced Coating Fundamentals Symposium, Atlanta, USA, 2003.
[9] A. Prasad and H. Henein. Droplet cooling in atomization sprays. Journal of Materials Science, 43(17):5930–5941, 2008. doi: 10.1007/s10853-008-2860-2.
[10] W. Jia and H.-H. Qiu. Experimental investigation of droplet dynamics and heat transfer in spray cooling. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 27(7):829–838, 2003. doi: 10.1016/S0894-1777(03)00015-3.
[11] G. Duursma, K. Sefiane, and A. Kennedy. Experimental studies of nanofluid droplets in spray cooling. Heat Transfer Engineering, 30(13):1108–1120, 2009. doi: 10.1080/01457630902922467.
[12] W.-C. Qin, B.-J. Qiu, X.-Y. Xue, C. Chen, Z.-F. Xu, and Q.-Q. Zhou. Droplet deposition and control effect of insecticides sprayed with an unmanned aerial vehicle against plant hoppers. Crop Protection, 85:79–88, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2016.03.018.
[13] S. Chen, Y. Lan, Z. Zhou, F. Ouyang, G. Wang, X. Huang, X. Deng, and S. Cheng. Effect of droplet size parameters on droplet deposition and drift of aerial spraying by using plant protection UAV. Agronomy, 10(2):195, 2020. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10020195.
[14] D.T. Sheppard. Spray Characteristics of Fire Sprinklers. Ph.D. Thesis, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA, June 2002.
[15] H. Liu, C.Wang, I.M. De Cachinho Cordeiro, A.C.Y. Yuen, Q. Chen, Q.N. Chan, S. Kook, and G.H. Yeoh. Critical assessment on operating water droplet sizes for fire sprinkler and water mist systems. Journal of Building Engineering, 28:100999, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100999.
[16] D.C. Blanchard. The behavior of water drops at terminal velocity in air. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 31(6):836–842, 1950. doi: 10.1029/TR031i006p00836.
[17] H.R. Pruppacher and K.V. Beard. A wind tunnel investigation of the internal circulation and shape of water drops falling at terminal velocity in air. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 96(408):247–256, 1970. doi: 10.1002/qj.49709640807.
[18] H.R. Pruppacher and R.L. Pitter. A semi-empirical determination of the shape of cloud and rain drops. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 28(1):86–94, 1971. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1971)0280086:ASEDOT>2.0.CO;2.
[19] K.V. Beard and C. Chuang. A new model for the equilibrium shape of raindrops. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 44(11):1509–1524, Jun. 1987. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1987)0441509:ANMFTE>2.0.CO;2.
[20] É.Reyssat, F. Chevy, A.L. Biance, L. Petitjean, and D. Quéré. Shape and instability of free-falling liquid globules. Europhysics Letters, 80(3):34005, 2007. doi: 10.1209/0295-5075/80/34005.
[21] R. Clift, J.R. Grace, and M.E. Weber. Bubbles, Drops and Particles. Academic Press, 1978.
[22] S.-C. Yao and V.E. Schrock. Heat and mass transfer from freely falling drops. Journal of Heat Transfer, 98(1):120–126, 1976. doi: 10.1115/1.3450453.
[23] T.J. Horton, T.R. Fritsch, and R.C. Kintner. Experimental determination of circulation velocities inside drops. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 43(3):143–146, 1965. doi: 10.1002/cjce.5450430309.
[24] R.H. Magarvey and B.W. Taylor. Free fall breakup of large drops. Journal of Applied Physics, 27(10):1129–1135, 1956. doi: 10.1063/1.1722216.
[25] M.N. Chowdhury, F.Y. Testik, M.C. Hornack, and A.A. Khan. Free fall of water drops in laboratory rainfall simulations. Atmospheric Research, 168:158–168, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.08.024.
[26] M. Abdelouahab and R. Gatignol. Study of falling water drop in stagnant air. European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, 60:82–89, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2016.07.007.
[27] J.H. van Boxel. Numerical model for the fall speed of raindrops in a rainfall simulator. I.C.E Special Report, 1998/1, 77–85,
[28] A.K. Kamra and D.V Ahire. Wind-tunnel studies of the shape of charged and uncharged water drops in the absence or presence of an electric field. Atmospheric Research, 23(2):117–134, 1989. doi: 10.1016/0169-8095(89)90003-3.
[29] M. Thurai and V.N. Bringi. Drop axis ratios from a 2D video disdrometer. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 22(7):966–978, 2005. doi: 10.1175/JTECH1767.1.
[30] C. Josserand and S.T. Thoroddsen. Drop impact on a solid surface. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 48:365–391, 2016. doi: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-122414-034401.
[31] J. Eggers, M.A. Fontelos, C. Josserand, and S. Zaleski. Drop dynamics after impact on a solid wall: Theory and simulations. Physics of Fluids, 22(6):062101, 2010. doi: 10.1063/1.3432498.
[32] S. Chandra and C.T. Avedisian. On the collision of a droplet with a solid surface. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 432(1884):13–41, 1991. doi: 10.1098/rspa.1991.0002.
[33] O.G. Engel. Waterdrop collisions with solid surfaces. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 54(5):281–298, 1955. doi: 10.6028/jres.054.033.
[34] I.V. Roisman, R. Rioboo, and C. Tropea. Normal impact of a liquid drop on a dry surface: model for spreading and receding. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 458(2022):1411–1430, 2002. doi: 10.1098/rspa.2001.0923.
[35] Y. Renardy, S. Popinet, L. Duchemin, M. Renardy, S. Zaleski, C. Josserand, M.A. Drumright-Carke, D. Richard, C. Clanet, and D. Quéré. Pyramidal and toroidal water drops after impact on a solid surface. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 484:69–83, 2003. doi: 10.1017/S0022112003004142.
[36] D. Bartolo, F. Bouamrirene, É. Verneuil, A. Buguin, P. Silberzan, and S. Moulinet. Bouncing or sticky droplets: Impalement transitions on superhydrophobic micropatterned surfaces. Europhysics Letters, 74(2):299–305, 2006. doi: 10.1209/epl/i2005-10522-3.
[37] D. Bartolo, C. Josserand, and D. Bonn. Singular jets and bubbles in drop impact. Physical Review Letters, 96:124501, 2006. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.124501.
[38] C. Clanet, C. Béguin, D. Richard, and D. Quéré. Maximal deformation of an impacting drop. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 517:199–208, 2004. doi: 10.1017/S0022112004000904.
[39] L.H.J. Wachters, L. Smulders, J.R. Vermeulen, and H.C. Kleiweg. The heat transfer from a hot wall to impinging mist droplets in the spheroidal state. Chemical Engineering Science, 21(12):1047–1056, 1966. doi: 10.1016/0009-2509(66)85042-X.
[40] C.O. Pedersen. An experimental study of the dynamic behavior and heat transfer characteristics of water droplets impinging upon a heated surface. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 13(2):369–381, 1970. doi: 10.1016/0017-9310(70)90113-4.
[41] M.A. Styricovich, Y.V. Baryshev, G.V. Tsiklauri and M E. Grigorieva. The mechanism of heat and mass transfer between a water drop and a heated surface. Proceedings of the Sixth International Heat Transfer Conference, Vol. 1, pages 239-243, Toronto, Canada, August 7-11, 1978.
[42] P. Savic and G.T. Boult. The fluid flow associated with the impact of liquid drops with solid surfaces. Proceedings of Heat Transfer Fluid Mechanics Institution, 43-84, 1957.
[43] S.E. Hinkle. Water drop kinetic energy and momentum measurement considerations. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 5(3):386–391, 1989. doi: 10.13031/2013.26532.
[44] C.D. Stow and R.D. Stainer. The physical products of a splashing water drop. Journal of Meteorological Society of Japan, 55(5):518–532, 1977.
[45] Z. Levin and P.V. Hobbs. Splashing of water drops on solid and wetted surfaces, Hydrodynamics and charge separation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 269(1200):555–585, 1971. doi: 10.1098/rsta.1971.0052.
[46] C.D. Stow, M.G. Hadfield. An experimental investigation of fluid flow resulting from the impact of a water drop with an unyielding dry surface. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 37(1755):419–441, 1981. doi: 10.1098/rspa.1981.0002.
[47] C. Mundo, M. Sommerfeld, and C. Tropea. Droplet-wall collisions: Experimental studies of the deformation and breakup process. I nternational Journal of Multiphase Flow, 21(2):151–173, 1995. doi: 10.1016/0301-9322(94)00069-V.
[48] M. Bussmann, S. Chandra, and J. Mostaghimi. Modeling the splash of a droplet impacting a solid surface. Physics of Fluids, 12(12):3121–3132, 2000. doi: 10.1063/1.1321258.
[49] L. Xu, W.W. Zhang, and S.R. Nagel. Drop splashing on a dry smooth surface. Physical Review Letters, 94(18):184505, 2005. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.184505.
[50] B.T. Helenbrook and C.F. Edwards. Quasi-steady deformation and drag of uncontaminated liquid drops. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 28(10):1631–1657, 2002. doi: 10.1016/S0301-9322(02)00073-3.
[51] J.Q. Feng. A deformable liquid drop falling through a quiescent gas at terminal velocity. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 658:438–462, 2010. doi: 10.1017/S0022112010001825.
[52] J.Q. Feng and K.V. Beard. Raindrop shape determined by computing steady axisymmetric solutions for Navier-Stokes equations. Atmospheric Research, 101(1–2):480–491, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.04.012.
[53] J. Han and G. Tryggvason. Secondary breakup of axisymmetric liquid drops. I. Acceleration by a constant body force. Physics of Fluids, 11(12):3650–3667, 1999. doi: 10.1063/1.870229.
[54] J. Han and G. Tryggvason. Secondary breakup of a axisymmetric liquid drops. II. Impulsive acceleration. Physics of Fluids, 13(6):1554–1565, 2001. doi: 10.1063/1.1370389.
[55] P. Khare and V. Yang. Breakup of non-Newtonian liquid droplets. 44th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, Atlanta, USA, 16-20 June 2014. doi: 10.2514/6.2014-2919.
[56] M. Sussman and E.G. Puckett. A Coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method for computing 3D and axisymmetric incompressible two-phase flows. Journal of Computational Physics, 162(2):301–337, 2000. doi: 10.1006/jcph.2000.6537.
[57] R. Scardovelli and S. Zaleski. Direct numerical simulation of free-surface and interfacial flow. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 31:567–603, 1999. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.31.1.567.
[58] S. Shin and D. Juric. Simulation of droplet impact on a solid surface using the level contour reconstruction method. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 23:2434–2443, 2009. doi: 10.1007/s12206-009-0621-z.
[59] M. García Pérez and E. Vakkilainen. A comparison of turbulence models and two and three dimensional meshes for unsteady CFD ash deposition tools. Fuel, 237:806–811, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.066.
[60] M. Mezhericher, A. Levy, and I. Borde. Modeling of droplet drying in spray chambers using 2D and 3D computational fluid dynamics. Drying Technology, 27(3):359–370, 2009. doi: 10.1080/07373930802682940.
[61] S. Afkhami and M. Bussmann. Height functions for applying contact angles to 2D VOF simulations. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 57(4):453-472, 2008. doi: 10.1002/fld.1651.
[62] J. Zheng, J. Wang, Y. Yu, and T. Chen. Hydrodynamics of droplet impingement on a thin horizontal wire. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2018:9818494, 2018. doi: 10.1155/2018/9818494.
[63] J. Thalackottore Jose and J.F. Dunne. Numerical simulation of single-droplet dynamics, vaporization, and heat transfer from impingement onto static and vibrating surfaces. Fluids, 5(4):188, 2020. doi: 10.3390/fluids5040188.
[64] H. Liu. Science and Engineering of Droplets: Fundamentals and Applications. Noyes Publications, USA, 1999.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Abid Hasan Rafi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammad Rejaul Haque
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dewan Hasan Ahmed
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a powerful full-field displacement measurement technique that has been used in various studies. The first step in the DIC is to create a random speckle pattern, where the spraying method is usually employed. However, creating an optimal pattern and modification in the spraying method is not convenient. Furthermore, the size of speckles which is not so small in spraying method, limits the minimum size of the field of study. In the present research, a convenient novel technique was introduced and investigated to generate a practical kind of speckle pattern with small speckles for evaluating smaller fields of view using nanoparticles. The pattern was created by spreading a mixture of different black and white nanoparticles. To this end, the black graphene oxide particles were mixed with white nanoparticles of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide and silicon to obtain three mixtures. Displacement tests show that the mixture of graphene and titanium provides the best DIC performance. More granularly, graphene and titanium were mixed at three different ratios to find the optimal combination. Subsequently, the accuracy of the new patterning method was analyzed via tensile testing and the results were compared against those of conventional method with various subset sizes.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] M. Abshirini, N. Soltani, and P. Marashizadeh. On the mode I fracture analysis of cracked Brazilian disc using a digital image correlation method. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 78:99–105, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2015.10.006.
[2] M. Sahlabadi and N. Soltani. Experimental and numerical investigations of mixed-mode ductile fracture in high-density polyethylene. Archive of Applied Mechanics, 88(6):933–942, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s00419-018-1350-5.
[3] M.R.Y. Dehnavi, I. Eshraghi, and N. Soltani. Investigation of fracture parameters of edge Vnotches in a polymer material using digital image correlation. Polymer Testing, 32(4):778–784, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.03.012.
[4] N.S. Ha, V.T. Le, and S.G. Goo. Investigation of fracture properties of a piezoelectric stack actuator using the digital image correlation technique. International Journal of Fatigue, 101(1):106–111, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2017.02.020.
[5] B. Pan. Digital image correlation for surface deformation measurement: historical developments, recent advances and future goals. Measurement Science and Technology, 29(8):082001, 2018. doi: 10.1088/1361-6501/aac55b.
[6] Y.L. Dong and B. Pan. A review of speckle pattern fabrication and assessment for digital image correlation. Experimental Mechanics, 57(8):1161–1181, 2017. doi: 10.1007/s11340-017-0283-1.
[7] N.S. Ha, T.L. Jin, N.S. Goo, and H.C. Park. Anisotropy and non-homogeneity of an Allomyrina Dichotoma beetle hind wing membrane. Bioinspiration and Biomimetics, 6(4):046003, 2011. doi: 10.1088/1748-3182/6/4/046003.
[8] T. Jin,N.S. Ha,V.T. Le,N.S. Goo, and H.C. Jeon. Thermal buckling measurement of a laminated composite plate under a uniform temperature distribution using the digital image correlation method. Composite Structures, 123:420–429, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.12.025.
[9] T.L. Jin,N.S. Ha, andN.S. Goo.Astudy of the thermal buckling behavior of a circular aluminum plate using the digital image correlation technique and finite element analysis. Thin-Walled Structures, 77:187–197, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2013.10.012.
[10] N.S. Ha, V.T. Le, and N.S. Goo. Thermal strain measurement of austin stainless steel (SS304) during a heating-cooling process. International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 18(2):206-214, 2017. doi: 10.5139/ijass.2017.18.2.206.
[11] N.S. Ha, H.M. Vang, andN.S. Goo. Modal analysis using digital image correlation technique: an application to artificial wing mimicking beetle’s hind wing. Experimental Mechanics, 55:989– 998, 2015. doi: 10.1007/s11340-015-9987-2.
[12] T. Sadowski and M. Knec. Application of DIC techniques for monitoring of deformation process of spr hybrid joints. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 58(1):119–125, 2013. doi: 10.2478/v10172-012-0161-x.
[13] W.H. Peters and W.F. Ranson. Digital imaging techniques in experimental stress analysis. Optical Engineering, 21(3):427–431, 1982. doi: 10.1117/12.7972925.
[14] W.H. Peters, W.F. Ranson, M.A. Sutton, T.C. Chu, and J. Anderson. Application of digital correlation methods to rigid body mechanics. Optical Engineering, 22(6):738–742, 1983. doi: 10.1117/12.7973231.
[15] M.A. Sutton, W.J. Wolters, W.H. Peters, W.F. Ranson, and S.R. McNeill. Determination of displacements using an improved digital correlation method. Image and Vision Computing, 1(3)133–139, 1983. doi: 10.1016/0262-8856(83)90064-1.
[16] T.C. Chu, W.F. Ranson, and M.A. Sutton. Applications of digital-image-correlation techniques to experimental mechanics. Experimental Mechanics, 25(3):232–244, 1985. doi: 10.1007/BF02325092.
[17] J.S. Lyons, J. Liu, and M.A. Sutton. High-temperature deformation measurements using digitalimage correlation. Experimental Mechanics, 36(1):64–70, 1996. doi: 10.1007/BF02328699.
[18] T.A. Berfield, J.K. Patel, R.G. Shimmin, P.V. Braun, J. Lambros, and N.R. Sottos. Micro- and nanoscale deformation measurement of surface and internal planes via digital image correlation. Experimental Mechanics, 47(1):51–62, 2007. doi: 10.1007/s11340-006-0531-2.
[19] Y. Dong, H. Kakisawa, and Y. Kagawa. Development of microscale pattern for digital image correlation up to 1400°C. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 68:7–15, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2014.12.003.
[20] T. Niendorf, C. Burs, D. Canadinc, and H.J. Maier. Early detection of crack initiation sites in TiAl alloys during low-cycle fatigue at high temperatures utilizing digital image correlation. International Journal of Materials Research, 100(4):603–608, 2009. doi: 10.3139/146.110064.
[21] M.A. Sutton, X. Ke, S.M. Lessner, M. Goldbach, M. Yost, F. Zhao, and H.W. Schreier. Strain field measurements on mouse carotid arteries using microscopic three-dimensional digital image correlation. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 84A(1):178–190, 2007. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.31268.
[22] A.D. Kammers and S. Daly. Self-assembled nanoparticle surface patterning for improved digital image correlation in a scanning electron microscope. Experimental Mechanics, 53(8):1333–1341, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s11340-013-9734-5.
[23] K.N. Jonnalagadda, I. Chasiotis, S. Yagnamurthy, J. Lambros, J. Pulskamp, R. Polcawich, and M Dubey. Experimental investigation of strain rate dependence of nanocrystalline Pt films. Experimental Mechanics, 50(1):25–35, 2010. doi: 10.1007/s11340-008-9212-7.
[24] W.A. Scrivens, Y. Luo, M.A. Sutton, S.A. Collette, M.L. Myrick, P. Miney, P.E. Colavita, A.P. Reynolds, and X. Li. Development of patterns for digital image correlation measurements at reduced length scales. Experimental Mechanics, 47(1):63–77, 2007. doi: 10.1007/s11340-006-5869-y.
[25] N. Li, M.A. Sutton, X. Li, and H.W. Schreier. Full-field thermal deformation measurements in a scanning electron microscope by 2D digital image correlation. Experimental Mechanics, 48(5):635–646, 2008. doi: 10.1007/s11340-007-9107-z.
[26] F. Di Gioacchino and J.Q. da Fonseca. Plastic strain mapping with sub-micron resolution using digital image correlation. Experimental Mechanics, 53(5):743–754, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s11340-012-9685-2.
[27] P. Reu. All about speckles: contrast. Experimental Techniques, 39(1):1–2, 2015. doi: 10.1111/ext.12126.
[28] P. Reu. All about speckles: speckle density. Experimental Techniques, 39(3):1–2, 2015. doi: 10.1111/ext.12161.
[29] P. Reu. All about speckles: aliasing. Experimental Techniques, 38(5):1–3, 2014. doi: 10.1111/ext.12111.
[30] P. Reu. All about speckles: speckle size measurement. Experimental Techniques, 38(6):1–2, 2014. doi: 10.1111/ext.12110.
[31] B. Pan, H. Xie, Z. Wang, K. Qian, and Z. Wang. Study on subset size selection in digital image correlation for speckle patterns. Optics Express, 16(10):7037–7048, 2008. doi:
10.1364/OE.16.007037.
[32] B.Wang and B. Pan. Random errors in digital image correlation due to matched or overmatched shape functions. Experimental Mechanics, 55(9):1717–1727, 2015. doi: 10.1007/s11340-015- 0080-7.
[33] B. Pan, K. Qian, H. Xie, and A. Asundi. Two-dimensional digital image correlation for inplane displacement and strain measurement: a review. Measurement Science and Technology, 20(6):062001, 2009. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/20/6/062001.
[34] H. Haddadi and S. Belhabib. Use of rigid-body motion for the investigation and estimation of the measurement errors related to digital image correlation technique. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 46(2):185–196, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2007.05.008.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Milad Zolfipour Aghdam
1
ORCID: ORCID
Naser Soltani
1
Hadi Nobakhti
1

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Collegeof Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The Inconel 718 alloys, which are primarily temperature resistant, are widely used in aviation, aerospace and nuclear industries. The study on dry cutting processes for this alloy becomes difficult due to its high hardness and low thermal conductivity, wherein, most of the heat transfers due to friction are accumulated over the tool surface. Further, several challenges like increased cutting force, developing high temperature and rapid tool wear are observed during its machining process. To overcome these, the coated tool inserts are used for machining the superalloys. In the present work, the cemented carbide tool is coated with chemical vapor deposition multi-layering Al 2O 3/TiCN under the dry cutting environment. The machining processes are carried out with varying cutting speeds: 65, 81, 95, and 106 m/min, feed rate 0.1 mm/rev, and depth of cut 0.2 mm. The variation in the cutting speeds can attain high temperatures, which may activate built-up-edge development which leads to extensive tool wear. In this context, the detailed chip morphology and its detailed analysis are carried out initially to understand the machining performance. Simultaneously, the surface roughness of the machined surface is studied for a clear understanding of the machining process. The potential tool wear mechanism in terms of abrasion, adhesion, tool chip off, delaminating of coating, flank wear, and crater wear is extensively identified during the processes. From the results, it is observed that the machining process at 81 m/min corresponds to a better machining process in terms of lesser cutting force, lower cutting temperature, better surface finish, and reduced tool wear than the other machining processes.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] R.M. Arunachalam, M.A. Mannan, and A.C. Spowage. Surface integrity when machining age hardened Inconel 718 with coated carbide cutting tools. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 44(14):1481–1491, 2004. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2004.05.005.
[2] L. Li, N. He, M.Wang, and Z.G.Wang. High-speed cutting of Inconel 718 with coated carbide and ceramic inserts. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 129(1–3):127–130, 2002. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00590-3.
[3] E.O. Ezugwu. Key improvements in the machining of difficult-to-cut aerospace superalloys. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 45(12–13):1353–1367, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2005.02.003.
[4] T. Kitagawa, A. Kubo, and K. Maekawa. Temperature and wear of cutting tools in high-speed machining of Inconel and Ti–6Al–6V–2Sn. Wear, 202(2):142–148, 1997. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1648(96)07255-9.
[5] S. Chinchanikar, S.S. Kore, and P. Hujare. A review on nanofluids in minimum quantity lubrication machining. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 68(A):56–70, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.05.028.
[6] A.C. Okafor and T.O. Nwoguh. Comparative evaluation of soybean oil–based MQL flow rates and emulsion flood cooling strategy in high-speed face milling of Inconel 718. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 107(9–10):3779–3793, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s00170-020-05248-3.
[7] J. Kaminski and B. Alvelid. Temperature reduction in the cutting zone in water-jet assisted turning. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 106(1–3):68–73, 2000. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00640-3.
[8] A. Marques, M. Paipa Suarez, W. Falco Sales, and Á. Rocha Machado. Turning of Inconel 718 with whisker-reinforced ceramic tools applying vegetable-based cutting fluid mixed with solid lubricants by MQL. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 266:530–543, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.11.032.
[9] A. Suárez, L.N. López de Lacalle, R. Polvorosa, F. Veiga, and A. Wretland. Effects of highpressure cooling on the wear patterns on turning inserts used on alloy IN718. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 32(6):678–686, 2017. doi: 10.1080/10426914.2016.1244838.
[10] R. Polvorosa, A. Suárez, L.N. López de Lacalle, I. Cerrillo, A. Wretland, and F. Veiga: Tool wear on nickel alloys with different coolant pressures: Comparison of Alloy 718 andWaspaloy. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 26:44–56, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.01.012.
[11] A.R.C. Sharman, J.I. Hughes, and K. Ridgway. Surface integrity and tool life when turning Inconel 718 using ultra-high pressure 786 and flood coolant systems. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 222(6):653–664, 2008. doi: 10.1243/09544054JEM936.
[12] W.H. Pereira and S. Delijaicov. Surface integrity of Inconel 718 turned under cryogenic conditions at high cutting speeds. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 104:2163–2177, 2019. doi: 10.1007/s00170-019-03946-1.
[13] H. González, O. Pereira, L.N. López de Lacalle, A. Calleja, I. Ayesta, and J. Muñoa. Flankmilling of integral blade rotors made in Ti6Al4V using cryo CO2 and minimum quantity lubrication. ASME. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 143(9):091011, 2021. doi: 10.1115/1.4050548.
[14] A. Devillez, F. Schneider, S. Dominiak, D. Dudzinski, and D. Larrouquere. Cutting forces and wear in dry machining of Inconel 718 with coated carbide tools. Wear, 262(7–8):931–942, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2006.10.009.
[15] N.R. Dhar, M.W. Islam, S. Islam, and M.A.H. Mithu. The influence of minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) on cutting temperature, chip and dimensional accuracy in turning AISI- 1040 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 171(1):93–99, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.06.047.
[16] D. Dudzinski, A. Devillez, A. Moufki, D. Larrouquère,V. Zerrouki, and J. Vigneau. A review of developments towards dry and high speed machining of Inconel 718 alloy. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 44(4):439–456, 2004. doi: 10.1016/S0890-6955(03)00159-7.
[17] I.A. Choudhury and M.A. El-Baradie. Machining nickel base super alloys: Inconel 718. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture. 212(3):195–206, 1998. doi: 10.1243/0954405981515617.
[18] S.K. Thandra and S.K. Choudhury. Effect of cutting parameters on cutting force, surface finish and tool wear in hot machining. International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials, 7(3-4):260–273, 2010. doi: 10.1504/IJMMM.2010.033070.
[19] L.N. Lopez de Lacalle, J.A. Sanchez, A. Lamikiz, and A. Celaya. Plasma assisted milling of heatresistant superalloys. ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 126(2):274– 285, 2016. doi: 10.1115/1.1644548.
[20] M.C. Shaw. Metal Cutting Principles. Clarendon, Oxford, 1984.
[21] E.O. Ezugwu, J. Bonney, and Y. Yamane. An overview of the machinability of aeroengine alloys. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 134(2):233–253, 2003. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(02)01042-7.
[22] A. Jawaid, S. Koksal, and S. Sharif. Wear behavior of PVD and CVD coated carbide tools when face milling Inconel 718. Tribology Transactions, 43(2):325–331, 2000. doi: 10.1080/10402000008982347.
[23] T. Sugihara, H. Tanaka, and T. Enomoto. Development of novel CBN cutting tool for high speed machining of Inconel 718 focusing on coolant behaviors. Procedia Manufacturing, 10:436–442, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2017.07.021.
[24] G.A. Ibrahim, C.H.C. Haron, J.A. Ghani, A.Y.M. Said, and M.Z.A. Yazid. Performance of PVD-coated carbide tools when turning Inconel 718 in dry machining. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 3:790975, 2011. doi: 10.1155/2011/790975.
[25] Z.P. Hao, Y.H. Fan, J.Q. Lin, and Z.X Yu. Wear characteristics and wear control method of PVD-coated carbide tool in turning Inconel 718. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 78(5–8):1329–1336, 2015. doi: 10.1007/s00170-014-6752-0.
[26] B. Zhang, M.J. Njora, and Y. Sato. High-speed turning of Inconel 718 by using TiAlN- and (Al, Ti) N-coated carbide tools. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 96(5–8):2141–2147, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s00170-018-1765-8.
[27] F. Zemzemi, J. Rech, W.B. Salem, A. Dogui, and P. Kapsa. Identification of friction and heat partition model at the tool-chip-workpiece interfaces in dry cutting of an Inconel 718 alloy with CBN and coated carbide tools. Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology, 38(1):5-22, 2014. doi: 10.2478/amst-2014-0001.
[28] W. Grzesik, J. Małecka, Z. Zalisz, K. Zak, and P. Niesłony. Investigation of friction and wear mechanisms of TiAlV coated carbide against Ti6Al4V Titanium alloy using pin-on-disc tribometer. Archive of Mechanical Engineering, 63(1):114-127, 2016. doi: 10.1515/meceng-2016-0006.
[29] V. Bushlya, F. Lenrick, A. Bjerke, H. Aboulfadl, M. Thuvander; J.-E. Ståhl, and R. M’Saoubi: Tool wear mechanisms of PcBN in machining Inconel 718: Analysis across multiple length scale. CIRP Annals, 70(1):73–78, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.cirp.2021.04.008.
[30] A.R.F. Oliveira, L.R.R. da Silva, V. Baldin, M.P.C. Fonseca, R.B. Silva, and A.R. Machado: Effect of tool wear on the surface integrity of Inconel 718 in face milling with cemented carbide tools. Wear, 476:203752, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2021.203752.
[31] A.K.M.N. Amin, S.A. Sulaiman, and M.D. Arif. Development of mathematical model for chip serration frequency in turning of stainless steel 304 using RSM. Advanced Materials and Process Technology, 217-219:2206–2209, 2012. doi: .
[32] J. Hua, and R. Shivpuri. Prediction of chip morphology and segmentation during the machining of titanium alloys. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 150(1-2):124–133, 2004. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.01.028.
[33] K. Lin, W. Wang, R. Jiang and Y. Xiong. Effect of tool nose radius and tool wear on residual stresses distribution while turning in situ TiB2/7050Al metal matrix composites. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 100:143–151, 2019. doi: 10.1007/s00170-018-2742-y.
[34] K. Mahesh, J.T. Philip, S.N. Joshi and B. Kuriachen. Machinability of Inconel 718: A critical review on the impact of cutting temperatures. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 36(7):753–791, 2021. doi: 10.1080/10426914.2020.1843671.
[35] V. Sivalingam Y. Zhao, R. Thulasiram, J. Sun, G. Kai, and T. Nagamalai. Machining behaviour, surface integrity and tool wear analysis in environment friendly turning of Inconel 718 alloy. Measurement,174:109028, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109028.
[36] Z. Peng, X. Zhang, and D. Zhang. Performance evaluation of high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting for improving machinability of Inconel 718 with coated carbide tools. Tribology International, 155:106766, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106766.
[37] D.G. Flom, R. Komanduri, and M. Lee. High-speed machining of metals. Annual Review of Material Science, 14:231–278, 1984. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ms.14.080184.001311.
[38] N.L. Bhirud and R.R. Gawande. Optimization of process parameters during end milling and prediction of work piece temperature rise. Archive of Mechanical Engineering, 64(3):327–346, 2017. doi: 10.1515/meceng-2017-0020.
[39] R.S. Pawade, S.S. Joshi, P.K. Brahmankar, and M. Rahman. An investigation of cutting forces and surface damage in high-speed turning of Inconel 718. J ournal of Materials Processing Technology, 192-193:139–146, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.04.049.
[40] A. Shokrani, V. Dhokia, and S.T. Newman. Environmentally conscious machining of difficultto- machine materials with regard to cutting fluids. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 57:83–101, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2012.02.002.
[41] Y.S. Liao, H.M. Lin, and J.H. Wang. Behaviors of end milling Inconel 718 superalloy by cemented carbide tools. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 201(1–3):460–465, 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.11.176.
[42] R. Komanduri and T.A. Schroeder. On shear instability in machining a nickel-iron base superalloy. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 108(2):93–100. 1986. doi: 10.1115/1.3187056.
[43] R. Rakesh and S. Datta. Machining of Inconel 718 using coated wc tool: effects of cutting speed on chip morphology and mechanisms of tool wear. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 45:797–816, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s13369-019-04171-4.
[44] S. Belhadi, T. Mabrouki, J.F. Rigal, and L. Boulanouar. Experimental and numerical study of chip formation during straight turning of hardened AISI 4340 steel. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 219(7):515– 524, 2005. doi: 10.1243/095440505X32445.
[45] A. Thakur and S. Gangopadhyay. Evaluation of micro-features of chips of Inconel 825 during dry turning with uncoated and chemical vapour deposition multilayer coated tools. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 232(6):979–994, 2018. doi: 10.1177/0954405416661584.
[46] M. Rahman,W.K.H. Seah, and T.T. Teo. The machinability of Inconel 718. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 63(1–3):199–204, 1997. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(96)02624-6.
[47] S.P. Sahoo and S. Datta. Dry machining performance of AA7075-T6 alloy using uncoated carbide and MT-CVD TiCN-Al2O3 coated carbide Inserts. Arabian Journal of Science and Engineering,45:9777–9791, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s13369-020-04947-z.
[48] H.Z. Li, H. Zeng, and X.Q. Chen. An experimental study of tool wear and cutting force variation in the end milling of Inconel 718 with coated carbide inserts. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 180(1–3):296–304, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.07.009.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Shailesh Rao Agari
1

  1. Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The phase change materials (PCM) are widely used in several applications, especiallyi n the latent heat thermal energy storage system (LHTESS). Due to the very low thermal conductivity of PCMs. A small mass fraction of hybrid nanoparticles TiO 2–CuO (50%–50%) is dispersed in PCM with five mass concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1 mass % to improve its thermal conductivity. This article is focused on thermal performance of the hybrid nano-PCM (HNPCM) used for the LHTESS. A numerical model based on the enthalpy-porosity technique is developed to solve the Navier-Stocks and energy equations. The computations were conducted for the melting and solidification processes of the HNPCM in a shell and tube latent heat storage (LHS). The developed numerical model was validated successfully with experimental data from the literature. The results showed that the dispersed hybrid nanoparticles improved the effective thermal conductivity and density of the HNPCM. Accordingly, when the mass fraction of a HNPCM increases by 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1 mass %, the average charging time improves by 12.04 %, 19.9 %, 23.55%, and 27.33 %, respectively. Besides, the stored energy is reduced by 0.83%, 1.67%, 2.83% and 3.88%, respectively. Moreover, the discharging time was shortened by 18.47%, 26.91%, 27.71%, and 30.52%, respectively.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] L.F. Cabeza, A. Castell, C. Barreneche, A. de Gracia, and A. Fernández. Materials used as PCM in thermal energy storage in buildings: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(3):1675–1695, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.018.
[2] K. Nedjem, M. Teggar, K.A.R. Ismail, and D. Nehari. Numerical investigation of charging and discharging processes of a shell and tube nano-enhanced latent thermal storage unit. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 12(2):021021, 2020. doi: 10.1115/1.4046062.
[3] K. Hosseinzadeh, M.A. Efrani Moghaddam, A. Asadi, A.R. Mogharrebi, and D.D. Ganji. Effect of internal fins along with hybrid nano-particles on solid process in star shape triplex latent heat thermal energy storage system by numerical simulation. Renewable Energy, 154:497–507, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.054.
[4] M.M. Joybari, S. Seddegh, X. Wang, and F. Haghighat. Experimental investigation of multiple tube heat transfer enhancement in a vertical cylindrical latent heat thermal energy storage system. Renewable Energy,} 140:234–244, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.037.
[5] A.A. Al-Abidi, S. Mat, K. Sopian, M.Y. Sulaiman, and A.T. Mohammad. Internal and external fin heat transfer enhancement technique for latent heat thermal energy storage in triplex tube heat exchangers. Applied Thermal Engineering, 53(1):147–156, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.01.011.
[6] X. Yang, Z. Lu, Q. Bai, Q. Zhang, L. Jin, and J. Yan. Thermal performance of a shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage unit: Role of annular fins. Applied Energy, 202:558–570, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.007.
[7] C. Zhao, M. Opolot, M. Liu, F. Bruno, S. Mancin, and K. Hooman. Numerical study of melting performance enhancement for PCM in an annular enclosure with internal-external fins and metal foams. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 150:119348, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119348.
[8] M. Longeon, A. Soupart, J.-F. Fourmigué, A. Bruch, and P. Marty. Experimental and numerical study of annular PCM storage in the presence of natural convection. Applied Energy, 112:175–184, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.06.007.
[9] S. Seddegh, S.S.M. Tehrani, X. Wang, F. Cao, and R.A. Taylor. Comparison of heat transfer between cylindrical and conical vertical shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage systems. Applied Thermal Engineering, 130:1349–1362, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.11.130.
[10] I. Al Siyabi, S. Khanna, T. Mallick, and S. Sundaram. An experimental and numerical study on the effect of inclination angle of phase change materials thermal energy storage system. Journal of Energy Storage, 23:57–68, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2019.03.010.
[11] S. Sebti, S. Khalilarya, I. Mirzaee, S. Hosseinizadeh, S. Kashani, and M. Abdollahzadeh. A numerical investigation of solidification in horizontal concentric annuli filled with nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM). World Applied Sciences Journal, 13(1):9–15, 2011.
[12] N. Dhaidan, J. Khodadadi, T.A. Al-Hattab, and S. Al-Mashat. Experimental and numerical investigation of melting of NePCM inside an annular container under a constant heat flux including the effect of eccentricity. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 67:455–468, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.08.002.
[13] Q. Ren, F. Meng, and P. Guo. A comparative study of PCM melting process in a heat pipe-assisted LHTES unit enhanced with nanoparticles and metal foams by immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method at pore-scale. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 121:1214–1228, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.01.046.
[14] C. Nie, J. Liu, and S. Deng. Effect of geometric parameter and nanoparticles on PCM melting in a vertical shell-tube system. Applied Thermal Engineering, 184:116290, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116290.
[15] M. Gorzin, M.J. Hosseini, M. Rahimi, and R. Bahrampoury. Nano-enhancement of phase change material in a shell and multi-PCM-tube heat exchanger. Journal of Energy Storage, 22:88–97, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2018.12.023.
[16] M. Khatibi, R. Nemati-Farouji, A. Taheri, A. Kazemian, T. Ma, and H. Niazmand. Optimization and performance investigation of the solidification behavior of nano-enhanced phase change materials in triplex-tube and shell-and-tube energy storage units. Journal of Energy Storage, 33:102055, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2020.102055.
[17] P. Manoj Kumar, K. Mylsamy, and P.T. Saravanakumar. Experimental investigations on thermal properties of nano-SiO 2/paraffin phase change material (PCM) for solar thermal energy storage applications. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 42(19):2420–2433, 2020. doi: 10.1080/15567036.2019.1607942.
[18] P. Manoj Kumar, K. Mylsamy, K. Alagar, and K. Sudhakar. Investigations on an evacuated tube solar water heater using hybrid-nano based organic phase change material. International Journal of Green Energy, 17(13):872–883, 2020. doi: 10.1080/15435075.2020.1809426.
[19] S. Ebadi, S.H. Tasnim, A.A. Aliabadi, and S. Mahmud. Melting of nano-PCM inside a cylindrical thermal energy storage system: Numerical study with experimental verification. Energy Conversion and Management, 166:241–259, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.04.016.
[20] J.M. Mahdi and E.C. Nsofor. Solidification enhancement of PCM in a triplex-tube thermal energy storage system with nanoparticles and fins. Applied Energy, 211:975–986, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.082.
[21] M.J. Hosseini, A.A. Ranjbar, K. Sedighi, and M. Rahimi. A combined experimental and computational study on the melting behavior of a medium temperature phase change storage material inside shell and tube heat exchanger. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 39(9):1416–1424, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2012.07.028.
[22] S. Harikrishnan, K. Deepak, and S. Kalaiselvam. Thermal energy storage behavior of composite using hybrid nanomaterials as PCM for solar heating systems. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 115:1563–1571, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s10973-013-3472-x.
[23] ANSYS. Fluent. (2017), Copyright 2017 SAS IP, Inc.
[24] Z. Khan, Z.A. Khan, and P. Sewell. Heat transfer evaluation of metal oxides based nano-PCMs for latent heat storage system application. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 144:118619, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.118619.
[25] J.C. Maxwell. Electricity and Magnetism. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1873.
[26] S. Ghadikolaei, K. Hosseinzadeh, and D.D. Ganji. Investigation on three dimensional squeezing flow of mixture base fluid (ethylene glycol-water) suspended by hybrid nanoparticle (Fe 3O 4-Ag) dependent on shape factor. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 262:376–388, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.094.
[27] S.S. Ghadikolaei, M. Yassari, H. Sadeghi, K. Hosseinzadeh, and D.D. Ganji. Investigation on thermophysical properties of TiO 2–Cu/H 2O hybrid nanofluid transport dependent on shape factor in MHD stagnation point flow. Powder Technology, 322:428–438, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.09.006.
[28] A.D. Brent, V.R. Voller, and K. Reid. Enthalpy-porosity technique for modeling convection-diffusion phase change: application to the melting of a pure metal. Numerical Heat Transfer, 13(3):297–318, 1988. doi: 10.1080/10407788808913615.
[29] S.V. Patankar. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. CRC Press, 1980.
[30] M.L. Benlekkam, D. Nehari, and N. Cheriet. Numerical investigation of latent heat thermal energy storage system. Recueil de Mécanique, 3:229-235, 2018. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1490505.
[31] M.A. Kibria, M.R. Anisur, M.H. Mahfuz, R. Saidur, and I.H.S.C. Metselaar. Numerical and experimental investigation of heat transfer in a shell and tube thermal energy storage system. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 53:71–78, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2014.02.023.
[32] M.J. Hosseini, M. Rahimi, and R. Bahrampoury. Experimental and computational evolution of a shell and tube heat exchanger as a PCM thermal storage system. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 50:128–136, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2013.11.008.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed Lamine Benlekkam
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Driss Nehari
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Science and Technology, University of Tissemsilt, Tissemsilt, Algeria
  2. Laboratory of Smart Structure, University of Ain Temouchent, Ain Temouchent, Algeria
  3. Laboratory of Hydrology and Applied Environment, University of Ain Temouchent, Algeria
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Biogas is a gaseous biofuel predominantly composed of methane and carbon-dioxide. Stability of biogas flames strongly depend upon the amount of carbon-dioxide present in biogas, which varies with the source of biomass and reactor. In this paper, a comprehensive study on the stability and flame characteristics of coflow biogas diffusion flames is reported. Numerical simulations are carried out using reactive flow module in OpenFOAM, incorporated with variable thermophysical properties, Fick’s and Soret diffusion, and short chemical kinetics mechanism. Effects of carbon-dioxide content in the biogas, temperatures of the fuel or coflowing air streams (preheated reactant) and hydrogen addition to fuel or air streams are analyzed. Entropy generation in these flames is also predicted. Results show that the flame temperature increases with the degree of preheat of reactants and the flames show better stability with the preheated air stream. Preheating the air contributes to increased flame stability and also to a significant decrease in entropy generation. Hydrogen addition, contributing to the same power rating, is seen to be relatively more effective in increasing the flame stability when added to the fuel stream. Results in terms of flow, temperature, species and entropy fields, are used to describe the stability and flame characteristics.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] Z. Recebli, S. Selimli, M. Ozkaymak, and O. Gonc. Biogas production from animal manure. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 10(6):722–729, 2015.
[2] S. Rasi, A.Veijanen, and J. Rintala. Trace compounds of biogas from different biogas production plants. Energy, 32(8):1375–1380, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2006.10.018.
[3] O. Jonsson, E. Polman, J.K. Jensen, R. Ekund, H. Schyl, and S. Ivarsson. Sustainable gas enters the European gas distribution system. In World Gas Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 2003.
[4] I.U. Khan, M.H.D. Othman, H. Hashim, T. Matsuura, A.F. Ismail, M. Rezaei-DashtArzhandi, and I.W. Azelee. Biogas as a renewable energy fuel – a review of biogas upgrading, utilization and storage. Energy Conversion and Management, 150:277–294, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.08.035.
[5] H.O.B. Nonaka and F.M. Pereira. Experimental and numerical study of CO 2 content effects on the laminar burning velocity of biogas. Fuel, 182:382–390, 2016. doi: j.fuel.2016.05.098.
[6] M.S. Abdallah, M.S. Mansour, and N.K. Allam. Mapping the stability of free-jet biogas flames under partially premixed combustion. Energy, 220:119749, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.119749.
[7] L. Zhang, X. Ren, R. Sun, andY.A. Levendis. A numerical and experimental study on the effects of CO 2 on laminar diffusion methane/air flames. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 142(8):82307, 2020. doi: 10.1115/1.4046228.
[8] T. Leung and I. Wierzba. The effect of hydrogen addition on biogas non-premixed jet flame stability in a co-flowing air stream. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 33(14):3856–3862, 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.04.030.
[9] S. Verma, K. Kumar, L.M. Das, and S.C. Kaushik. Effects of hydrogen enrichment strategy on performance and emission features of biodiesel-biogas dual fuel engine using simulation and experimental analyses. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 143(9):092301, 2021. doi: 10.1115/1.4049179.
[10] H.S. Zhen, C.W. Leung, and C.S. Cheung. Effects of hydrogen addition on the characteristics of a biogas diffusion flame. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38(16):6874–6881, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.02.046.
[11] H.S. Zhen, C.W. Leung, and C.S. Cheung. A comparison of the heat transfer behaviors of biogas–H 2 diffusion and premixed flames. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(2):1137–1144, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.10.100.
[12] H.S. Zhen, Z.L. Wei, Z.B. Chen, M.W. Xiao, L.R. Fu, and Z.H. Huang. An experimental comparative study of the stabilization mechanism of biogas-hydrogen diffusion flame. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(3):1988–1997, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.11.171.
[13] M.R.J. Charest, Ö.L. Gülder, and C.P.T. Groth. Numerical and experimental study of soot formation in laminar diffusion flames burning simulated biogas fuels at elevated pressures. Combustion and Flame, 161(10):2678–2691, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.04.012.
[14] Z.L.Wei, C.W. Leung, C.S. Cheung, and Z.H. Huang. Effects of H 2 andCO 2 addition on the heat transfer characteristics of laminar premixed biogas-hydrogen Bunsen flame. International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, 98:359–366, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.02.064.
[15] A. Mameri and F. Tabet. Numerical investigation of counter-flow diffusion flame of biogas-hydrogen blends: Effects of biogas composition, hydrogen enrichment and scalar dissipation rate on flame structure and emissions. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41 (3):2011–2022, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.035.
[16] X. Li, S. Xie, J. Zhang, T. Li, and X. Wang. Combustion characteristics of non-premixed CH 4/CO 2 jet flames in coflow air at normal and elevated temperatures. Energy, 214:118981, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118981.
[17] A.V. Prabhu, A. Avinash, K. Brindhadevi, and A. Pugazhendhi. Performance and emission evaluation of dual fuel CI engine using preheated biogas-air mixture. Science of The Total Environment, 754:142389, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142389.
[18] M.H. Moghadasi, R. Riazi, S. Tabejamaat, and A. Mardani. Effects of preheating and CO 2 dilution on Oxy-MILD combustion of natural gas. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 141(12):12200, 2019. doi: 10.1115/1.4043823.
[19] A. Harish, H.R. Rakesh Ranga, A. Babu, and V. Raghavan. Experimental study of the flame characteristics and stability regimes of biogas – air cross flow non-premixed flames. Fuel, 223:334–343, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.055.
[20] G. Tsatsaronis, T. Morosuk, D. Koch, and M. Sorgenfrei. Understanding the thermodynamic inefficiencies in combustion processes. Energy, 62:3–11, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.04.075.
[21] A. Datta. Entropy generation in a confined laminar diffusion flame. Combustion Science and Technology, 159(1):39–56, 2000. doi: 10.1080/00102200008935776.
[22] K.M. Saqr and M.A. Wahid. Entropy generation in turbulent swirl-stabilized flame: Effect of hydrogen enrichment. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 388:280–284, 2013. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.388.280.
[23] H.R. Arjmandi and E. Amani. A numerical investigation of the entropy generation in and thermodynamic optimization of a combustion chamber. Energy, 81:706–718, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.12.077.
[24] A.M. Briones, A. Mukhopadhyay, and S.K. Aggarwal. Analysis of entropy generation in hydrogen-enriched methane–air propagating triple flames. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34(2):1074–1083, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.09.103.
[25] K. Nishida, T. Takagi, and S. Kinoshita. Analysis of entropy generation and exergy loss during combustion. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 29(1):869–874, 2002. doi: 10.1016/S1540-7489 (02)80111-0.
[26] W. Wang, Z. Zuo, J. Liu, and W. Yang. Entropy generation analysis of fuel premixed CH 4/H 2/air flames using multistep kinetics. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(45):20744–20752, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.08.103.
[27] R.S. Barlow, N.S.A. Smith, J.Y. Chen, and R.W. Bilger. Nitric oxide formation in dilute hydrogen jet flames: isolation of the effects of radiation and turbulence–chemistry sub models. Combustion and Flame, 117(1-2):4–31, 1999. doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(98)00071-6.
[28] J.O. Hirschfelder, C.F. Curtiss, and R.B. Bird. Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids. Wiley, New York, 1954.
[29] K.K.Y. Kuo. Principles of Combustion. Wiley, New York, 1986.
[30] C.T. Bowman, R.K. Hanson, D.F. Davidson, W.C. Gardiner, Jr., V. Lissianski, G.P. Smith, D.M. Golden, M. Frenklach, and M. Goldenberg. GRI_Mech 2.11. Available: http://combustion.berkeley.edu/gri-mech/new21/version21/text21.html.
[31] D.N. Pope, V. Raghavan, and G. Gogos. Gas-phase entropy generation during transient methanol droplet combustion. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 49(7):1288–1302, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2010.02.012.
[32] A.V. Mokhov, B.A.V Bennett, H.B. Levinsky, and M.D. Smooke. Experimental and computational study of C 2H 2 and CO in a laminar axisymmetric methane-air diffusion flame. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 31(1):997–1004, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.094.
[33] J. Lim, J. Gore, and R. Viskanta. A study of the effects of air preheat on the structure of methane/air counterflow diffusion flames. Combustion and Flame, 121(1-2):262–274, 2000. doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00137-6.
[34] H.S. Zhen, J. Miao, C.W. Leung, C.S. Cheung, and Z.H. Huang. A study on the effects of air preheat on the combustion and heat transfer characteristics of Bunsen flames. Fuel, 184:50–58, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.007.
[35] C.J. Sung, J.B. Liu, and C.K. Law. Structural response of counterflow diffusion flames to strain rate variations. Combustion and Flame, 102(4):481–492, 1995. doi: 10.1016/0010-2180(95)00041-4.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

R. Nivethana Kumar
1
S. Muthu Kumaran
1
Vasudevan Raghavan
1

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 600036, India
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) are extensively employed for hip plant component material due to their certain properties in a specific design to achieve the requirements of the hip-joint system. Nevertheless, if there are similar properties, it doesn’t necessarily indicate that the knee plant is efficiently and effectively working. Therefore, it is important to develop an ideal design of functionally graded material femoral components that can be used for a long period. A new ideal design of femoral prosthesis can be introduced using functionally graded fiber polymer (FGFP) which will reduce the stress shielding and the corresponding stresses present over the interface. Herein, modal analysis of the complete hip plant part is carried out, which is the main factor and to date, very few research studies have been found on it. Moreover, this enhances the life of hip replacement, and the modal, harmonic, and fatigue analysis determines the pre-loading failure phenomena due to the vibrational response of the hip. This study deals with the cementless hip plant applying the finite element analysis (FEA) model in which geometry is studied, and the femoral bone model is based in a 3D scan.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] S. Gross and E.W. Abel. A finite element analysis of hollow stemmed hip prostheses as a means of reducing stress shielding of the femur. Journal of Biomechanics, 34(8):995–1003, 2001. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00072-0.
[2] D. Lin, Q. Li, W. Li, S. Zhou, and M.V. Swain. Design optimization of functionally graded dental implant for bone remodeling. Composites Part B: Engineering, 40(7):668–675, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.04.015.
[3] G. Jin, M. Takeuchi, S. Honda, T. Nishikawa, and H. Awaji. Properties of multilayered mullite/Mo functionally graded materials fabricated by powder metallurgy processing. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 89(2-3):238–243, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.03.031.
[4] E. Yılmaz, A. Gökçe, F. Findik, H.O. Gulsoy, and O. İyibilgin. Mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of porous Ti-Nb biomaterials. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 87:59–67, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.07.018.
[5] A.T. Şensoy. M. Çolak, I. Kaymaz, and F. Findik. Optimal material selection for total hip implant: a finite element case study. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 44:10293--10301, 2019. doi: 10.1007/s13369-019-04088-y.
[6] T.A. Enab and N.E. Bondok. Material selection in the design of the tibia tray component of cemented artificial knee using finite element method. Materials and Design, 44:454–460, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.017.
[7] H. Weinans, R.Huiskes, and H.J. Grootenboer. The behavior of adaptive bone-remodeling simulation models. Journal of Biomechanics, 25(12):1425–1441, 1992. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(92)90056-7.
[8] J.A. Simões and A.T. Marques. Design of a composite hip femoral prosthesis. Materials & Design, 26(5):391–401, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2004.07.024.
[9] S. Tyagi and S.K. Panigrahi. Transient analysis of ball bearing fault simulation using finite element method. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 95:309–318, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s40032-014-0129-x.
[10] I.S. Jalham. Computer-aided quality function deployment method for material selection. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 26((4):190–196, 2006. doi: 10.1504/IJCAT.2006.010764.
[11] E. Karana, P. Hekkert, and P. Kandachar. Material considerations in product design: A survey on crucial material aspects used by product designers. Materials & Design, 29(6):1081–1089, 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2007.06.002.
[12] M.F. Ashby. Materials Selection in Mechanical Design. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1995.
[13] C. Vezzoli and E. Manzini. Environmental complexity and designing activity. In: Design for Environmental Sustainability, pages 215–217. Springer, London, 2008. doi: 10.1007/978-1-84800-163-3_11.
[14] M. Kutz. Handbook of Materials Selection. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2002.
[15] R.V. Rao and B.K. Patel. A subjective and objective integrated multiple attribute decision making method for material selection. Materials & Design, 31(10):4738–4747, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.05.014.
[16] X.F. Zha. A web-based advisory system for process and material selection in concurrent product design for a manufacturing environment. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 25:233–243, 2005. doi: 10.1007/s00170-003-1838-0.
[17] F. Giudice, G. La Rosa, and A. Risitano. Materials selection in the Life-Cycle Design process: a method to integrate mechanical and environmental performances in optimal choice. Materials & Design, 26(1):9–20, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2004.04.006.
[18] F. Findik and K. Turan. Materials selection for lighter wagon design with a weighted property index method. Materials & Design, 37:470–477, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.01.016.
[19] M. İpek, İ.H. Selvi, F. Findik, O. Torkul, and I.H. Cedimoğlu. An expert system based material selection approach to manufacturing. Materials & Design, 47:331–340, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.11.060.
[20] J.A. Basurto-Hurtado, G.I. Perez-Soto, R.A. Osornio-Rios, A. Dominguez-Gonzalez, and L.A. Morales-Hernandez. A new approach to modeling the ductile cast iron microstructure for a finite element analysis. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 44:1221–1231, 2019. doi: 10.1007/s13369-018-3465-y.
[21] E. Yılmaz, F. Kabataş, A. Gökçe, and F. Fındık. Production and characterization of a bone-like porous Ti/Ti-hydroxyapatite functionally graded material. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 29:6455--6467, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s11665-020-05165-2.
[22] E. Yılmaz, A. Gökçe, F. Findik, and H.Ö. Gulsoy. Assessment of Ti–16Nb– xZr alloys produced via PIM for implant applications. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 134:7–14, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s10973-017-6808-0.
[23] H.F. El-Sheikh, B.J. MacDonald, and M.S.J. Hashmi. Material selection in the design of the femoral component of cemented total hip replacement. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 122(2-3):309–317, 2002. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(01)01128-1.
[24] T.S. Rubak, S.W. Svendsen, K. Søballe, and P. Frost. Total hip replacement due to primary osteoarthritis in relation to cumulative occupational exposures and lifestyle factors: a nationwide nested case–control study. Arthritis Care & Research, 66(10):1496–1505. doi: 10.1002/acr.22326.
[25] İ. Çelik and H. Eroğlu. Selection application of material to be used in hip prosthesis production with analytic hierarchy process. Materials Science & Engineering Technology, 48(11):1125–1132, 2017. doi: 10.1002/mawe.201700046.
[26] A. Aherwar, A. Patnaik, M. Bahraminasab, and A. Singh. Preliminary evaluations on development of new materials for hip joint femoral head. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, 233(5):885–899, 2019. doi: 10.1177/1464420717714495.
[27] A. Hafezalkotob and A. Hafezalkotob. Comprehensive MULTIMOORA method with target-based attributes and integrated significant coefficients for materials selection in biomedical applications. Materials & Design, 87:949–959, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.087.
[28] G. Bergmann, G. Deuretzbacher, M. Heller, F. Graichen, A. Rohlmann, J. Strauss, anf G.N. Duda. Hip contact forces and gait patterns from routine activities. Journal of Biomechanics, 34(7):859–871, 2001. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00040-9.
[29] A.Z. Şenalp, O. Kayabasi, and H. Kurtaran. Static, dynamic and fatigue behavior of newly designed stem shapes for hip prosthesis using finite element analysis. Materials and Design, 28(5):1577–1583, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2006.02.015.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Saeed Asiri
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering College King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This study developed an ankle rehabilitation device for post-stroke patients. First, the research models and dynamic equations of the device are addressed. Second, the Sliding Mode Controller for the ankle rehabilitation device is designed, and the device's response is simulated on the software MATLAB. Third, the ankle rehabilitation device is successfully manufactured from aluminum and uses linear actuators to emulate dorsiflexion and plantarflexion exercises for humans. The advantages of the device are a simple design, low cost, and mounts onto rehabilitative equipment. The device can operate fast through experiments, has a foot drive mechanism overshoot of 0°, and a maximum angle error of 1°. Moreover, the rehabilitation robot can operate consistently and is comfortable for stroke patients to use. Finally, we will fully develop the device and proceed to clinical implementation.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] E. Osayande, K.P. Ayodele, M.A. Komolafe. Development of a robotic hand orthosis for stroke patient rehabilitation. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering, 16(13):142–149, 2020. doi: 10.3991/ijoe.v16i13.13407.
[2] Z. Yue, X. Zhang, and J. Wang. Hand Rehabilitation robotics on poststroke motor recovery. Behavioural Neurology, 2017:3908135, 2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/3908135.
[3] C. Grefkes and G.R. Fink. Recovery from stroke: current concepts and futures perspectives. Neurological Research and Practice, 2(1):17, 2020. doi: 10.1186/s42466-020-00060-6.
[4] R. Gassert and V. Dietz. Rehabilitation robots for the treatment of sensorimotor deficits: a neurophysiological perspective. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 15:46, 2018. doi: 10.1186/s12984-018-0383-x.
[5] S.H. Hayes and S.R. Carroll. Early intervention care in the acute stroke patient. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 67(5):319–321, 1986.
[6] D.U. Jette, R.L. Warren, and C. Wirtalla. The relation between therapy intensity and outcomes of rehabilitation in skilled nursing facilities. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(3):373–379, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.10.018.
[7] Z. Zhou and Q. Wang. Concept and prototype design of a robotic ankle-foot rehabilitation system with passive mechanism for coupling motion. 2019 IEEE 9th Annual International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER), pages 1002–1005, Suzhou, China, 29 July -2 August, 2019. doi: 10.1109/cyber46603.2019.9066745.
[8] C.M. Racu and I. Doroftei. An overview on ankle rehabilitation devices. Advanced Materials Research, 1036:781–786, 2014. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.781.
[9] A.A. Blank, J.A. French, A.U. Pehlivan, and M.K. O'Malley. Rehabilitation: Current trends in robot-assisted upper-limb stroke rehabilitation: promoting patient engagement in therapy. Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports, 2(3):184–195, 2014.
[10] Z. Liao, L. Yao, Z. Lu, and J. Zhang. Screw theory based mathematical modeling and kinematic analysis of a novel ankle rehabilitation robot with a constrained 3-PSP mechanism topology. International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 2(3):351–360, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s41315-018-0063-9.
[11] C.C.K. Lin, M.S. Ju, S.M. Chen, and B.W. Pan. A specialized robot for ankle rehabilitation and evaluation. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 28(2):79–86, 2008.
[12] Z. Sun et al. Mechanism Design and ADAMS-MATLAB-Simulation of a Novel Ankle Rehabilitation Robot. 2019 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetic (ROBIO), pages 425–432, Dali, China, December, 2019. doi: 10.1109/robio49542.2019.8961829.
[13] Q. Liu, A. Liu, W. Meng, Q. Ai, and S.Q. Xie. Hierarchical compliance control of a soft ankle rehabilitation robot actuated by pneumatic muscles. Frontiers in Neurorobotics, 11:64, 2017. doi: 10.3389/fnbot.2017.00064.
[14] T. Yonezawa, K. Nomura, T. Onodera, S. Ishimura, H. Mizoguchi, and H. Takemura. Evaluation of venous return in lower limb by passive ankle exercise performed by PHARAD. 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pages 3582–3585, Milan, Italia, 25–29 August, 2015. doi: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319167.
[15] Ye Ding, M. Sivak, B. Weinberg, C. Mavroidis, and M.K. Holden. NUVABAT: Northeastern university virtual ankle and balance trainer. 2010 IEEE Haptics Symposium, pages 509–514, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA, 25–26 March, 2010. doi: 10.1109/haptic.2010.5444608.
[16] D. Ao, R. Song, and J. Gao. Movement performance of human–robot cooperation control based on emg-driven hill-type and proportional models for an ankle power-assist exoskeleton robot. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 25(8):1125–1134, 2017. doi: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2583464.
[17] Y. Ren, Y.-N. Wu, C.-Y. Yang, T. Xu, R. L. Harvey, and L.-Q. Zhang. Developing a wearable ankle rehabilitation robotic device for in-bed acute stroke rehabilitation. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 25(6):589–596, 2017. doi: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2584003.
[18] G. Aguirre-Ollinger, J.E. Colgate, M.A. Peshkin, and A. Goswami. Design of an active one-degree-of-freedom lower-limb exoskeleton with inertia compensation. The International Journal of Robotics Research, 30(4):486–499, 2011. doi: 10.1177/0278364910385730.
[19] Z. Zhou, Y. Sun, N. Wang, F. Gao, K. Wei, and Q. Wang. Robot-assisted rehabilitation of ankle plantar flexors spasticity: a 3-month study with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Frontiers in Neurorobotics, 10:16, 2016. doi: 10.3389/fnbot.2016.00016.
[20] I. Doroftei, C.M. Racu, C. Honceriu, and D. Irimia. One-degree-of freedom ankle rehabilitation platform. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 591:012076, 2019. doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/591/1/012076.
[21] A. Gmerek and E. Jezierski. Admittance control of a 1-DoF robotic arm actuated by BLDC motor. 2012 17th International Conference on Methods & Models in Automation & Robotics (MMAR), pages 633–638, Miedzyzdroje, Poland, 27–30 August, 2012. doi: 10.1109/mmar.2012.6347811.
[22] Ł. Woliński. Comparison of the adaptive and neural network control for LWR 4+ manipulators: simulation study. Archive of Mechanical Engineering, 67(1):111–121, 2020. doi: 10.24425/ame.2020.131686.
[23] Meera C S, M.K. Gupta, and S. Mohan. Disturbance observer-assisted hybrid control for autonomous manipulation in a robotic backhoe. Archive of Mechanical Engineering, 66(2):153–169, 2019. doi: 10.24425/ame.2019.128442.
[24] O. Jedda, J. Ghabi and A. Douik. Sliding mode control of an inverted pendulum. In: Derbel N., Ghommam J., Zhu Q. (eds), Applications of Sliding Mode Control. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, chapter 6:105–118, 2016, Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-2374-3_6.
[25] S. Singh, M.S. Qureshi, and P. Swarnkar. Comparison of conventional PID controller with sliding mode controller for a 2-link robotic manipulator. 2016 International Conference on Electrical Power And Energy System (ICEPES), pages 115–119, Bhopal, India, 14-16 December, 2016. doi: 10.1109/icepes.2016.7915916.
[26] P. Boscariol and D. Richiedei. Trajectory design for energy savings in redundant robotic cells. Robotics, 8(1):15, 2019. doi: 10.3390/robotics8010015.
[27] M. Adolphe, J. Clerval, Z. Kirchof, R. Lacombe-Delpech, and B. Zagrodny. Center of mass of human's body segments, Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering, 21(3):485–497, 2017.
[28] T. Eiammanussakul and V. Sangveraphunsiri. A lower limb rehabilitation robot in sitting position with a review of training activities. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2018:927807, 2018. doi: 10.1155/2018/1927807.
[29] A. Roy, H.I. Krebs, C.T. Bever, L.W. Forrester, R.F. Macko, and N. Hogan. Measurement of passive ankle stiffness in subjects with chronic hemiparesis using a novel ankle robot. Journal of Neurophysiology, 105(5):2132–2149, 2011. doi: 10.1152/jn.01014.2010.
[30] F. Gao, Y. Ren, E.J. Roth, R. Harvey, and L.-Q. Zhang. Effects of repeated ankle stretching on calf muscle–tendon and ankle biomechanical properties in stroke survivors. Clinical Biomechanics, 26(5):516–522, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.12.003.
[31] G. Bucca, A. Bezzolato, S. Bruni and F. Molteni. A Mechatronic Device for the Rehabilitation of Ankle Motor Function. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 131(12):125001, 2009. doi: 10.1115/1.4000083.
[32] J. Zhong, Y. Zhu, C. Zhao, Z. Han, and X. Zhang. Position tracking of a pneumatic-muscle-driven rehabilitation robot by a single neuron tuned pid controller. Complexity, 2020:438391, 2020. doi: 10.1155/2020/1438391.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Minh Duc Dao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xuan Tuy Tran
2
Dang Phuoc Pham
1
Quoc Anh Ngo
1
Thi Thuy Tram Le
3

  1. Faculty Technology and Engineering, The Pham Van Dong University, Quang Ngai, Vietnam
  2. Faculty Technology of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Danang – University of Science and Technology, Danang, Vietnam
  3. The Faculty Electronic-Electrical, The Quang Nam College, Quang Nam, Vietnam
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Production and assessment of artillery firing tables (FT) are the key tasks in solving ballistic problems through both standard and non-standard firing conditions. According to the literature, two different standard firing table formats were developed by the former-Soviet and the United States armies. This study proposes the main difference between these FT formats, as the standard meteorological conditions. An accuracy assessment has been proposed to justify different sources of errors through modeling and production of such tables, including applied meteorological message, aiming angles round-off, linear superposition principle, and Earth approximation. A~case study has been proposed for the 155M107 projectile to demonstrate the impact of the Coriolis effect as well as other ballistic and atmospheric non-standard conditions. As a part of the construction of artillery FT, a fitting process has to be made between available firing data and simulations. Therefore, a parametric study is implemented to study the number of test elevations per charge needed through the fitting process and its corresponding production error. Hence, based on the number of test elevations available, the genetic algorithm (GA) has been utilized to obtain the test elevations order needed with minimum FT production error. The results show a good agreement with the data stated in the literature.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] J.A. Matts and D.H. McCoy. A graphical firing table model and a comparison of the accuracy of three utilization schemes. Report No. BRL-MR-2035, Army Ballistic Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, U.S., April 1970.
[2] H.L. Reed Jr. Firing table computations on the ENIAC. In Proceeding of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Pittsburgh), pages 103-106, Pennsylvania, USA, 2 May, 1952. doi: 10.1145/609784.609796.
[3] E.R. Dickinson. The production of firing tables for cannon artillery. Report No. BRL-R-1371, Army Ballistic Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, U.S., November 1967.
[4] S. Gorn and N.L. Juncosa. On the computational procedures for firing and bombing tables. Report No. BRL-R-889, Army Ballistic Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, U.S., November 1954.
[5] C. Niekerk, and W. Rossouw. A proposed format for firing tables of a series of carrier projectiles possessing ballistic similarity with a HE projectile. In Proceeding of the 20th International Symposium on Ballistics, pages 187–194, Orlando, USA, 23–27 September, 2002.
[6] S.A. Ortac, U. Durak, U. Kutluay, K. Kucuk, and M.C. Candan. NABK based next generation ballistic table toolkit. In Proceeding of the 23rd International Symposium on Ballistics, pages 765–774, Tarragona, Spain, 16–20 April, 2007.
[7] A.J. Sowa. NATO shareable software developing into true suite supporting national operational fire control systems. In Proceeding of the 24th International Symposium on Ballistics, pages 126–133, Louisiana, USA, 22–26 September, 2008.
[8] Z. Leciejewski, T. Zawada, P. Kowalczuk, J. Szymonik, and P. Czyronis. Selected ballistic aspects of fire control system designed to anti-aircraft gun. In Proceeding of the 28th International Symposium on Ballistics, pages 655–665, Atlanta, USA, 22–26 September, 2014.
[9] NATO. The Modified Point Mass and five Degrees of Freedom Trajectory Models. Standard No. STANAG-4355, NATO Standardization Agency, Belgium, April 2009.
[10] M. Khalil, X. Rui, Q. Zha, H. Yu, and H. Hendy. Projectile impact point prediction based on self-propelled artillery dynamics and doppler radar measurements. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2013:53913, 2013. doi: 10.1155/2013/153913.
[11] L. Baranowski. Feasibility analysis of the modified point mass trajectory model for the need of ground artillery fire control systems. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 51(3):511–522, 2013.
[12] M. Khalil, X. Rui, and H. Hendy. Discrete time transfer matrix method for projectile trajectory prediction. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 28(2):04014057, 2015. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943- 5525.0000381.
[13] L. Baranowski. Effect of the mathematical model and integration step on the accuracy of the results of computation of artillery projectile flight parameters. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences, 61(2):475–484, 2013. doi: 10.2478/bpasts-2013-0047.
[14] A. Szklarski, R. Głębocki, and M. Jacewicz. Impact point prediction guidance parametric study for 155 mm rocket assisted artillery projectile with lateral thrusters. Archive of Mechanical Engineering, 67(1):31–56, 2020. doi: 10.24425/ame.2020.131682.
[15] M. Aldoegre. Comparison Between Trajectory Models for Firing Table Application. MSc. Thesis, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa, 2019.
[16] C. Donneaud, R. Cayzac and P. Champigny. Recent developments on aeroballistics of yawing and spinning projectiles: Part II: free flight tests. In Proceeding of the 20th International Symposium on Ballistics, pages 655–665, Orlando, USA, 23–27 September, 2002.
[17] A. Dupuis, C. Berner, and V. Fleck. Aerodynamic characteristics of a long-range spinning artillery shell: Part 1: from aeroballistic range free-flight tests. In Proceeding of the 21st International Symposium on Ballistics, Adelaide, Australia, 19–23 April, 2004.
[18] T. Brown, T. Harkins, M. Don, R. Hall, J. Garner, and B. Davis. Development and demonstration of a new capability for aerodynamic characterization of medium caliber projectiles. In Proceedings of the 28th International Symposium on Ballistics, pages 655–665, Atlanta, USA, 22–26 September, 2014.
[19] W. Zhou. An improved hybrid extended kalman filter based drag coefficient estimation for projectiles. In Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Ballistics, pages 80–91, California, USA, 11–15 September, 2017.
[20] M. Albisser, S. Dobre, C. Decrocq, F. Saada, B. Martinez, and P. Gnemmi. Aerodynamic characterization of a new concept of long range projectiles from free flight data. In Proceeding of the 30th International Symposium on Ballistics, pages 256–267, California, USA, 11–15 September, 2017.
[21] A. Ishchenko, V. Burkin, V. Faraponov, L. Korolkov, E. Maslov, A. Diachkovskiy, A. Chupashev, and A. Zykova. Determination of extra trajectory parameters of projectile layout motion. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 919:012010, 2017, 1-5. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/919/1/012010.
[22] G. Surdu, I. Vedinaş, G. Slămnoiu, and Ş. Pamfil. Projectile’s drag coefficient evaluation for small finite differences of his geometrical dimensions using analytical methods. In: International Conference of Scientific Paper (AFASES 2015), Brasov, Romania, 28–30 May, 2015.
[23] R.L. McCoy. Modern Exterior Ballistics: The Launch and Flight Dynamics of Symmetric Projectiles, 2nd ed., Schiffer Publishing, 2009.
[24] R. H. Whyte. SPIN-73 an Updated Version of the SPINNER Computer Program. Report No. TR-4588, Armament Systems Dept., VT, U.S., November 1973.
[25] W. Yingbin. The application of ballistic filtering theory in the production of firing tables. Journal of Ballistics, 7(1):65–70, 1995. (in Chinese)
[26] W. Liang, B. Jiang, and Y. Sa. The application of simple regression method in producing the curve of accommodation coefficient in test for firing table. Journal of of Shanxi Datong University (Natural Science Edition), 26(1):23–25, 2010. (in Chinese)
[27] C. Xinjun. A study of fitting method for making ground artillery firing tables. Journal of Ballistics, 9(2):76–79, 1997. (in Chinese)
[28] W.-Q. Huang. A series of base functions for global analytical approach to firing table. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 2(5):575–579, 1981. doi: 10.1007/bf01895460.
[29] N.P. Roberts. Ballistic analysis of firing table data for 155mm, M825 smoke projectile. Report No. BRL-MR-3865, Army Ballistic Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, U.S., September 1990.
[30] S. Wu, Q. Kang, L. Fu, and X. Jinxiang. A study on comparing test and its application on the firing table design. Journal of Ballistics, 15(4):22–26, 2003. (in Chinese)
[31] S. Floroff and B. Salatino. 120-MM Ammunition Feasibility Assessment for Light Artillery. Report No. ARFSD TR 99002, U.S Army Armament Reseach, Development and Engineering Center, NJ, USA, March 2000.
[32] D.L. Johnson, B.C. Roberts, and W.W. Vaughan. Reference and standard atmosphere models. In Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Aviation, Range and Aerospace Meteorology, Boston, USA, 13–16 May, 2002.
[33] V. Cech and J. Jevicky. Improved theory of generalized meteo-ballistic weighting factor functions and their use. Defence Technology, 12(3):242–254, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2016.01.009.
[34] V. Cech and J. Jevicky. Improved theory of projectile trajectory reference heights as characteristics of meteo-ballistic sensitivity functions. Defence Technology, 13(3):177–187, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.dt.2017.04.001.
[35] G.E. Wood. Test Design Plan (TDP) for the Production Qualification Testing (PQT) of the 81mm M984/M983 High Explosive (HE) Cartridges. Report No. AD-A257 403, U.S Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, U.S., October 1992.
[36] W. Haifeng, W. Pengxin, W. Long, and D. Lijie. Discussion on the revision of artillery standard firing conditions of our army. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 37(4):153–156, 2017. (in Chinese)
[37] FT-122-2A18: Firing Tables for Cannon, 122mm Howitzer, 2A18. Former Soviet Union, 1968.
[38] S. Karel and B. Martin. Conversions of METB3 meteorological messages into the METEO11 format. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Military Technologies (ICMT), pages 278-284, Brno, Czech Republic, 31 May - 2 Jun, 2017. doi: 10.1109/MILTECHS.2017.7988770.
[39] FT-155-AM-2: Firing Tables for Cannon, 155mm Howitzer, M185. US Department of the Army, 1983.
[40] Manual of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere: Extended to 80 Kilometres. International Civil Aviation Organization, 1993.
[41] K. Šilinger, L. Potužák, and J. Šotnar. Conversion of the METCM into the METEO-11. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Circuits And Systems (IMCAS '14), pages 212–218, Istanbul, Turkey, 15–17 December, 2014.
[42] Š. Karel, I. Jan, and P. Ladislav. Composition of the METEO11 meteorological message according to abstract of a measured meteorological data. In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Military Technologies (ICMT), pages 194–199, Brno, Czech Republic, 31 May - 2 Jun, 2017. doi: 10.1109/MILTECHS.2017.7988755.
[43] NATO. Adoption of Standard Ballistic Meteorological Message. Standard No. STANAG 4061, NATO Standardization Agency, Belgium, October 2000.
[44] B. Karpov and L. Schmidt. The Aerodynamic Properties of the 155-mm Shell M101 from Free flight Range Tests of Full Scale and 1/12 Scale Models. Report No. BRL-MR-1582, Army Ballistic Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, U.S., June 1964.
[45] M. Khalil, H. Abdalla, and O. Kamal. Dispersion analysis for spinning artillery projectile. In Proceeding of the 13th International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology, pages 1-12, Cairo, Egypt, 26–28 May, 2009. doi: 10.21608/asat.2009.23740.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mostafa Khalil
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Aerospace Engineering Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt

Instructions for authors

About the Journal
Archive of Mechanical Engineering is an international journal publishing works of wide significance, originality and relevance in most branches of mechanical engineering. The journal is peer-reviewed and is published both in electronic and printed form. Archive of Mechanical Engineering publishes original papers which have not been previously published in other journal, and are not being prepared for publication elsewhere. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation. The journal accepts papers in English.

Archive of Mechanical Engineering is an Open Access journal. The journal does not have article processing charges (APCs) nor article submission charges.

Outline of procedures
  • To ensure that high scientific standards are met, the editorial office of Archive of Mechanical Engineering implements anti-ghost writing and guest authorship policy. Ghostwriting and guest authorship are indication of scientific dishonesty and all cases will be exposed: editorial office will inform adequate institutions (employers, scientific societies, scientific editors associations, etc.).
  • To maintain high quality of published papers, the editorial office of Archive of Mechanical Engineering applies reviewing procedure. Each manuscript undergoes crosscheck plagiarism screening. Each manuscript is reviewed by at least two independent reviewers.
  • Before publication of the paper, authors are obliged to send scanned copies of the signed originals of the declaration concerning ghostwriting, guest authorship and authors contribution and of the Open Access license.
Submission of manuscripts

The manuscripts must be written in one of the following formats:
  • TeX, LaTeX, AMSTeX, AMSLaTeX (recommended),
  • MS Word, either as standard DOCUMENT (.doc, .docx) or RICH TEXT FORMAT (.rtf).
All submissions to the AME should be made electronically via Editorial System – an online submission and peer review system at https://www.editorialsystem.com/ame. First-time users must create an Author’s account to obtain a user ID and password required to enter the system. All manuscripts receive individual identification codes that should be used in any correspondence with regard to the publication process. For the authors already registered in Editorial System it is enough to enter their username and password to log in as an author. The corresponding author should be identified while submitting a paper – personal e-mail address and postal address of the corresponding author are required. Please note that the manuscript should be prepared using our LaTeX or Word template and uploaded as a PDF file.

If you experience difficulties with the manuscript submission website, please contact the Assistant to the Editor of the AME (ame.eo@meil.pw.edu.pl).

All authors of the manuscript are responsible for its content; they must have agreed to its publication and have given the corresponding author the authority to act on their behalf in all matters pertaining to publication. The corresponding author is responsible for informing the co-authors of the manuscript status throughout the submission, review, and production process.

Length and arrangement

Papers (including tables and figures) should not exceed in length 25 pages of size 12.6 cm x 19.5 cm (printing area) with a font size of 11 pt. For manuscript preparation, the Authors should use the templates for Word or LaTeX available at the journal webpage. Please notice that the final layout of the article will be prepared by the journal's technical staff in LaTeX. Articles should be organized into the following sections:
  • List of keywords (separated by commas),
  • Full Name(s) of Author(s), Affiliation(s), Corresponding Author e-mail address,
  • Title,
  • Abstract,
  • Main text,
  • Appendix,
  • Acknowledgments (if applicable),
  • References.
Affiliations should include department, university, city and country. ORCID identifiers of all Authors should be added.
We suggest the title should be as short as possible but still informative.

An abstract should accompany every article. It should be a brief summary of significant results of the paper and give concise information about the content of the core idea of the paper. It should be informative and not only present the general scope of the paper, but also indicate the main results and conclusions. An abstract should not exceed 200 words.

Please follow the general rules for writing the main text of the paper:
  • use simple and declarative sentences, avoid long sentences, in which the meaning may be lost by complicated construction,
  • divide the main text into sections and subsections (if needed the subsections may be divided into paragraphs),
  • be concise, avoid idle words,
  • make your argumentation complete; use commonly understood terms; define all nonstandard symbols and abbreviations when you introduce them;
  • explain all acronyms and abbreviations when they first appear in the text;
  • use all units consistently throughout the article;
  • be self-critical as you review your drafts.
The authors are advised to use the SI system of units.

Artwork/Equations/Tables

You may use line diagrams and photographs to illustrate theses from your text. The figures should be clear, easy to read and of good quality (300 dpi). The figures are preferred in a vector format (bitmap formats are acceptable, but not recommended). The size of the figures should be adequate to their contents. Use 8-9pt font size of the text within the figures.

You should use tables only to improve conciseness or where the information cannot be given satisfactorily in other ways. Tables should be numbered consecutively and referred to within the text by numbers. Each table should have an explanatory caption which should be as concise as possible. The figures and tables should be inserted in the text file, where they are mentioned.

Displayed equations should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numbers in parentheses. They should be centered, leaving a small space above and below to separate it from the surrounding text.

Footnotes/Endnotes/Acknowledgements

We encourage authors to restrict the use of footnotes. Information concerning research grant support should appear in a separate Acknowledgements section at the end of the paper. Acknowledgements of the assistance of colleagues or similar notes of appreciation should also appear in the Acknowledgements section.

References
References should be numbered and listed in the order that they appear in the text. References indicated by numerals in square brackets should complete the paper in the following style:

Books:
[1] R.O. Author. Title of the Book in Italics. Publisher, City, 2018.

Articles in Journals:
[2] D.F. Author, B.D. Second Author, and P.C. Third Author. Title of the article. Full Name of the Journal in Italics, 52(4):89–96, 2017. doi: 1234565/3554. (where means: 52 – volume; 4 – number or issue; 89–96 – pages, and 1234565/3554 – doi number (if exists).)

Theses:
[3] W. Author. Title of the thesis. Ph.D. Thesis, University, City, Country, 2010.

Conference Proceedings:
[4] H. Author. Title of the paper. In Proc. Conference Name in Italics, pages 001–005, Conference Place, 10-15 Jan. 2015. doi: 98765432/7654vd.

English language

Archive of Mechanical Engineering is published in English. Make sure that your manuscript is clearly and grammatically written. The content should be understandable and should not cause any confusion to the readers, including the reviewers. After accepting the manuscript for a publication in the AME, we offer a free language check service, for correcting small language mistakes.

Submission of Revised Articles

When revision of a manuscript is requested, authors are expected to deliver the revised version of the manuscript as soon as possible. The manuscript should be uploaded directly to the Editorial System as an answer to the Editor's decision, and not as a new manuscript. If it is the 1st revision, the authors are expected to return revised manuscript within 60 days; if it is the 2nd revision, the authors are expected to return revised manuscript within 14 days. Additional time for resubmission must be requested in advance. If the above mentioned deadlines are not met, the manuscript may be treated as a new submission.

Outline of the Production Process

Once an article has been accepted for publication, the manuscript is transferred into our production system to be language-edited and formatted. Language/technical editors reserve the privilege of editing manuscripts to conform with the stylistic conventions of the journal. Once the article has been typeset, PDF proofs are generated so that authors can approve all editing and layout.

Proofreading

Proofreading should be carried out once a final draft has been produced. Since the proofreading stage is the last opportunity to correct the article to be published, the authors are requested to make every effort to check for errors in their proofs before the paper is posted online. Authors may be asked to address remarks and queries from the language and/or technical editors. Queries are written only to request necessary information or clarification of an unclear passage. Please note that language/technical editors do not query at every instance where a change has been made. It is the author's responsibility to read the entire text, tables, and figure legends, not just items queried. Major alterations made will always be submitted to the authors for approval. The corresponding author receives e-mail notification when a PDF is available and should return the comments within 3 days of receipt. Comments must be uploaded to Editorial System.

Reviewers


The Editorial Board of the Archive of Mechanical Engineering (AME) sincerely expresses gratitude to the following individuals who devoted their time to review papers submitted to the journal. Particularly, we express our gratitude to those who reviewed papers several times.

List of reviewers in 2023

Sara I. ABDELSALAM – University of California Riverside, United States
M. ARUNA – Liwa College of Technology, United Arab Emirates
Krzysztof BADYDA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Nathalie BÄSCHLIN – Kunstmuseum Bern, Germany
Joanna BIJAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Tomas BODNAR – The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Dariusz BUTRYMOWICZ – Białystok University of Technology, Poland
Suleyman CAGAN – Mechanical Engineering, Mersin University, Turkey
Claudia CASAPULLA – University of Naples Federico II, Italy
Peng CHEN – Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
Yao CHENG – Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
Jan de JONG – University of Twente, Netherlands
Mariusz DEJA – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
Jerzy EJSMONT – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
İsmail ESEN – Karabuk University, Turkey
Pedro Javier GAMEZ-MONTERO – Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain
Aman GARG – National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
Michał HAĆ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Satoshi ISHIKAWA – Kyushu University, Japan
Jacek JACKIEWICZ – Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Krzysztof JAMROZIAK – Wrocław University of Technology, Poland
Hong-Lae JANG – Changwon National University, Korea (South)
Łukasz JANKOWSKI – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, PAS, Gdansk, Poland
Albizuri JOSEBA – University of the Basque Country, Spain
Łukasz KAPUSTA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Dariusz KARDAŚ – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, PAS, Gdansk, Poland
Panagiotis KARMIRIS-OBRATAŃSKI – AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Sivakumar KARTHIKEYAN – SRM Nagar
Tarek KHELFA – Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, China
Sven-Joachim KIMMERLE – Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
Thomas KLETSCHKOWSKI – HAW Hamburg, Germany
Piotr KLONOWICZ – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, PAS, Gdansk, Poland
Vladis KOSSE – Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Mariusz KOSTRZEWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Maria KOTELKO – Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Michał KOWALIK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Zbigniew KRZEMIANOWSKI – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdańsk, Poland
Slawomir KUBACKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Mieczysław KUCZMA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Waldemar KUCZYŃSKI – The Koszalin University of Technology, Poland
Rafał KUDELSKI – AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Rajesh KUMAR – Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, India
Mustafa KUNTOĞLU – Selcuk University, Turkey
Anna LEE – Pohang University of Science and Technology, South Korea, Korea (South)
Guolong LI – Chongqing University, China
Luxian LI – Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
Yingchao LI – Ludong University, Yantai, China
Xiaochuan LIN – Nanjing Tech University, China
Zhihong LIN – HuaQiao University, China
Yakun LIU – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
Jinjun LU – Northwest University, Xiʼan, China
Paweł MACIĄG – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Paweł MALCZYK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Emil MANOACH – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Mihaela MARIN – “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, Romania
Miloš MATEJIĆ – University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Krzysztof MIANOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Tran MINH TU – Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Viet Nam
Farhad Sadegh MOGHANLOU – University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Mohsen MOTAMEDI – University of Isfahan, Iran
Adis MUMINOVIC – University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mohamed NASR – National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Huu-That NGUYEN – Nha Trang University, Viet Nam
Tan-Luy NGUYEN – Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Viet Nam
Viorel PALEU – Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Nicolae PANC – Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Marcin PĘKAL – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Van Vinh PHAM – Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Vaclav PISTEK – Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
Paweł PYRZANOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Lei QIN – Beijing Information Science & Technology University, China
Milan RACKOV – University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Yuriy ROMASEVYCH – National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Artur RUSOWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Andrzej SACHAJDAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Mirosław SEREDYŃSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Maciej SUŁOWICZ – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Biswajit SWAIN – National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
Tadeusz SZYMCZAK – Motor Transport Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Reza TAHERDANGKOO – Institute of Geotechnics, Freiberg, Germany
Rulong TAN – Chongqing University of Technology, China
Daniel TOBOŁA – Łukasiewicz Research Network - Cracow Institute of Technology, Poland
Milan TRIFUNOVIĆ – University of Niš, Serbia
Duong VU – Duy Tan University, Viet Nam
Shaoke WAN – Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
Dong WEI – Northwest A&F University, Yangling , China
Marek WOJTYRA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Mateusz WRZOCHAL – Kielce University of Technology, Poland
Hugo YAÑEZ-BADILLO – TecNM: Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Tianguistenco, Mexico
Guichao YANG – Nanjing Tech University, China
Xiao YANG – Chongqing Technology and Business University, China
Yusuf Furkan YAPAN – Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Luhe ZHANG – Chongqing University, China
Xiuli ZHANG – Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China

List of reviewers in 2022
Isam Tareq ABDULLAH – Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
Ahmed AKBAR – University of Technology, Iraq
Nandalur AMER AHAMMAD – University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Ali ARSHAD – Riga Technical University, Latvia
Ihsan A. BAQER – University of Technology, Iraq
Thomas BAR – Daimler AG, Stuttgart, Germany
Huang BIN – Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
Zbigniew BULIŃSKI – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Onur ÇAVUSOGLU – Gazi University, Turkey
Ali J CHAMKHA – Duy Tan University, Da Nang , Vietnam
Dexiong CHEN – Putian University, China
Xiaoquan CHENG – Beihang University, Beijing, China
Piotr CYKLIS – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Agnieszka DĄBSKA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Raphael DEIMEL – Berlin University of Technology, Germany
Zhe DING – Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
Anselmo DINIZ – University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Paweł FLASZYŃSKI – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdańsk, Poland
Jerzy FLOYRAN – University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
Xiuli FU – University of Jinan, China
Piotr FURMAŃSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Artur GANCZARSKI – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Ahmad Reza GHASEMI– University of Kashan, Iran
P.M. GOPAL – Anna University, Regional Campus Coimbatore, India
Michał GUMNIAK – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Bali GUPTA – Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, India
Dmitriy GVOZDYAKOV – Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia
Jianyou HAN – University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
Tomasz HANISZEWSKI – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Juipin HUNG – National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
T. JAAGADEESHA – National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India
Jacek JACKIEWICZ – Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
JC JI – University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
Feng JIAO – Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
Daria JÓŹWIAK-NIEDŹWIEDZKA – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Rongjie KANG – Tianjin University, China
Dariusz KARDAŚ – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdansk, Poland
Leif KARI – KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Daria KHANUKAEVA – Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Russia
Sven-Joachim KIMMERLE – Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
Yeong-Jin KING – Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
Kaushal KISHORE – Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, India
Nataliya KIZILOVA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Adam KLIMANEK – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Vladis KOSSE – Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Maria KOTEŁKO – Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Roman KRÓL – Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland
Krzysztof KUBRYŃSKI – Airforce Institute of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Mieczysław KUCZMA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Paweł KWIATOŃ – Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Lihui Lang – Beihang University, China
Rafał LASKOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Guolong Li – Chongqing University, China
Leo Gu LI – Guangzhou University, China
Pengnan LI – Hunan University of Science and Technology, China
Nan LIANG – University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada
Michał LIBERA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Wen-Yi LIN – Hungkuo Delin University of Technology, Taiwan
Wojciech LIPINSKI – Austrialian National University, Canberra, Australia
Linas LITVINAS – Vilnius University, Lithuania
Paweł MACIĄG – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Krishna Prasad MADASU – National Institute of Technology Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Trent MAKI – Amino North America Corporation, Canada
Marco MANCINI – Institut für Energieverfahrenstechnik und Brennstofftechnik, Germany
Piotr MAREK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Miloš MATEJIĆ – University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Phani Kumar MEDURI – VIT-AP University, Amaravati, India
Fei MENG – University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China
Saleh MOBAYEN – University of Zanjan, Iran
Vedran MRZLJAK – Rijeka University, Croatia
Adis MUMINOVIC – University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mohamed Fawzy NASR – National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Paweł OCŁOŃ – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Yusuf Aytaç ONUR – Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Turkey
Grzegorz ORZECHOWSKI – LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
Halil ÖZER – Yıldız Technical University, Turkey
Muthuswamy PADMAKUMAR – Technology Centre Kennametal India Ltd., Bangalore, India
Viorel PALEU – Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Andrzej PANAS – Warsaw Military Academy, Poland
Carmine Maria PAPPALARDO – University of Salerno, Italy
Paweł PARULSKI – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Antonio PICCININNI – Politecnico di Bari, Italy
Janusz PIECHNA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Vaclav PISTEK – Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
Grzegorz PRZYBYŁA – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Paweł PYRZANOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
K.P. RAJURKARB – University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
Michał REJDAK – Institute of Chemical Processing of Coal, Zabrze, Poland
Krzysztof ROGOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Juan RUBIO – University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Artur RUSOWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Wagner Figueiredo SACCO – Universidade Federal Fluminense, Petropolis, Brazil
Andrzej SACHAJDAK – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Bikash SARKAR – NIT Meghalaya, Shillong, India
Bozidar SARLER – University of Lubljana, Slovenia
Veerendra SINGH – TATA STEEL, India
Wieńczysław STALEWSKI – Institute of Aviation, Warsaw, Poland
Cyprian SUCHOCKI – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Maciej SUŁOWICZ – Cracov University of Technology, Poland
Wojciech SUMELKA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Tomasz SZOLC – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Oskar SZULC – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdansk, Poland
Rafał ŚWIERCZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Raquel TABOADA VAZQUEZ – University of Coruña, Spain
Halit TURKMEN – Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Daniel UGURU-OKORIE – Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
Alper UYSAL – Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Yeqin WANG – Syndem LLC, United States
Xiaoqiong WEN – Dalian University of Technology, China
Szymon WOJCIECHOWSKI – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Marek WOJTYRA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Guenter WOZNIAK – Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
Guanlun WU – Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Xiangyu WU – University of California at Berkeley, United States
Guang XIA – Hefei University of Technology, China
Jiawei XIANG – Wenzhou University, China
Jinyang XU – Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China
Jianwei YANG – Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China
Xiao YANG – Chongqing Technology and Business University, China
Oguzhan YILMAZ – Gazi University, Turkey
Aznifa Mahyam ZAHARUDIN – Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
Zdzislaw ZATORSKI – Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
S.H. ZHANG – Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Yu ZHANG – Shenyang Jianzhu University, China
Shun-Peng ZHU – University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
Yongsheng ZHU – Xi’an Jiaotong University, China

List of reviewers of volume 68 (2021)
Ahmad ABDALLA – Huaiyin Institute of Technology, China
Sara ABDELSALAM – University of California, Riverside, United States
Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua ABDULLAH – Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
Hafiz Malik Naqash AFZAL – University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Reza ANSARI – University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Jeewan C. ATWAL – Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
Hadi BABAEI – Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Sakthi BALAN – K. Ramakrishnan college of Engineering, Trichy, India
Leszek BARANOWSKI – Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Elias BRASSITOS – Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
Tadeusz BURCZYŃSKI – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Nguyen Duy CHINH – Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hung Yen, Vietnam
Dorota CHWIEDUK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Adam CISZKIEWICZ – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Meera CS – University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Duhradun, India
Piotr CYKLIS – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Abanti DATTA – Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India
Piotr DEUSZKIEWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Dinesh DHANDE – AISSMS College of Engineering, Pune, India
Sufen DONG – Dalian University of Technology, China
N. Godwin Raja EBENEZER – Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India
Halina EGNER – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Fehim FINDIK – Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Turkey
Artur GANCZARSKI – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Peng GAO – Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
Rafał GOŁĘBSKI – Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Andrzej GRZEBIELEC – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Ngoc San HA – Curtin University, Perth, Australia
Mehmet HASKUL – University of Sirnak, Turkey
Michal HATALA – Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic
Dewey HODGES – Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
Hamed HONARI – Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Olga IWASINSKA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Emmanuelle JACQUET – University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
Maciej JAWORSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Xiaoling JIN – Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Halil Burak KAYBAL – Amasya University, Turkey
Vladis KOSSE – Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Krzysztof KUBRYŃSKI – Air Force Institute of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Waldemar KUCZYŃSKI – Koszalin University of Technology, Poland
Igor KURYTNIK – State Higher School in Oswiecim, Poland
Daniel LESNIC – University of Leeds, United Kingdom
Witold LEWANDOWSKI – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
Guolu LI – Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
Jun LI – Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
Baiquan LIN – China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Dawei LIU – Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
Luis Norberto LÓPEZ DE LACALLE – University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
Ming LUO – Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
Xin MA – Shandong University, Jinan, China
Najmuldeen Yousif MAHMOOD – University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Arun Kumar MAJUMDER – Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
Paweł MALCZYK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Miloš MATEJIĆ – University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Norkhairunnisa MAZLAN – Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
Dariusz MAZURKIEWICZ – Lublin University of Technology, Poland
Florin MINGIREANU – Romanian Space Agency, Bucharest, Romania
Vladimir MITYUSHEV – Pedagogical University of Cracow, Poland
Adis MUMINOVIC – University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Baraka Olivier MUSHAGE – Université Libre des Pays des Grands Lacs, Goma, Congo (DRC)
Tomasz MUSZYŃSKI – Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Mohamed NASR – National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Driss NEHARI – University of Ain Temouchent, Algeria
Oleksii NOSKO – Bialystok University of Technology, Poland
Grzegorz NOWAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Iwona NOWAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Samy ORABY – Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
Marcin PĘKAL – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Bo PENG – University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom
Janusz PIECHNA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Maciej PIKULIŃSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
T.V.V.L.N. RAO – The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur, India
Andrzej RUSIN – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Artur RUSOWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Benjamin SCHLEICH – Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
Jerzy SĘK – Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Reza SERAJIAN – University of California, Merced, USA
Artem SHAKLEIN – Udmurt Federal Research Center, Izhevsk, Russia
G.L. SHI – Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
Muhammad Faheem SIDDIQUI – Vrije University, Brussels, Belgium
Jarosław SMOCZEK – AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Josip STJEPANDIC – PROSTEP AG, Darmstadt, Germany
Pavel A. STRIZHAK – Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia
Vadym STUPNYTSKYY – Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
Miklós SZAKÁLL – Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
Agnieszka TOMASZEWSKA – Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Artur TYLISZCZAK – Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Aneta USTRZYCKA – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Alper UYSAL – Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Gabriel WĘCEL – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Marek WĘGLOWSKI – Welding Institute, Gliwice, Poland
Frank WILL – Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
Michał WODTKE – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
Marek WOJTYRA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Włodzimierz WRÓBLEWSKI – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Hongtao WU – Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Jinyang XU – Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Zhiwu XU – Harbin Institute of Technology, China
Zbigniew ZAPAŁOWICZ – West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
Zdzislaw ZATORSKI – Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
Wanming ZHAI – Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
Xin ZHANG – Wenzhou University of Technology, China
Su ZHAO – Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, China



This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more