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An investigation of mechanical properties of recycled coarse aggregate concrete

X.H. Deng Z.L. Lu P. Li T. Xu

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2016 | No 4 / II | 19-34

Keywords recycled coarse aggregate concrete water-to-cement ratio coarse aggregate replacement rate uniaxial compression strength tensile splitting strength

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Abstract

Recycling construction and demolition waste not only reduces project costs; and saves natural resources, but also solves the environmental threat caused by construction waste disposal. In this paper, C25 waste road concrete is used as an experimental material, the uniaxial compression strength and tensile splitting strength of C25 RAC whose coarse aggregate replacement rate is 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% are tested under the condition that the water-to-cement ratio is 0.47, 0.55 and 0.61. The results show: (1) the uniaxial compression strength and tensile splitting strength decrease with the increase of RAC; (2) for concrete with the same water-to-cement ratio, when the coarse aggregate replacement rate changes from 0% to 50%, the uniaxial compression strength and tensile splitting strength of RAC changes slightly. When the coarse aggregate replacement rate changes from 50% to 100%, the uniaxial compression strength and tensile splitting strength of RAC decreases rapidly

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Authors and Affiliations

X.H. Deng

Z.L. Lu

P. Li

T. Xu

139 Assessment Criteria of Bentonite Binding Properties

S. Żymankowska-Kumon

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2012 | No 3 | DOI: 10.2478/v10266-012-0097-7

Keywords Bentonite Montmorillonite Green sands Growth indicator Copper complex Compression strength

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Abstract

The criteria, with which one should be guided at the assessment of the binding properties of bentonites used for moulding sands, are proposed in the paper. Apart from the standard parameter which is the active bentonite content, the unrestrained growth indicator should be taken into account since it seems to be more adequate in the estimation of the sand compression strength. The investigations performed for three kinds of bentonites, applied in the Polish foundry plants, subjected to a high temperature influences indicate, that the pathway of changes of the unrestrained growth indicator is very similar to the pathway of changes of the sand compression strength. Instead, the character of changes of the montmorillonite content in the sand in dependence of the temperature is quite different. The sand exhibits the significant active bentonite content, and the sand compression strength decreases rapidly. The montmorillonite content in bentonite samples was determined by the modern copper complex method of triethylenetetraamine (Cu(II)-TET). Tests were performed for bentonites and for sands with those bentonites subjected to high temperatures influences in a range: 100-700ºC.

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S. Żymankowska-Kumon

The impact of the addition of diabase dusts on the properties of cement pavement concrete

Tomasz Rudnicki Robert Jurczak

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 395-411 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140175

Keywords recycling mineral additive compressive strength concrete pavement

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Abstract

The aim of the paper was to analyse the possibility to use waste material which is created during the production of mineral-asphalt mixes as a side effect of the process of drying and dedusting diabase aggregate in high temperature. Experimental studies included the analysis of the influence of the addition of diabase dust on the improvement of the properties of cement concrete destined for the construction of local roads. The mineral additive in the form of diabase dust, which constitutes natural waste, was inserted into the concrete mix as a mineral additive substituting a part of the aggregate with the constant amount of cement and water, and additionally as the substitute for cement. The performed studies resulted in the conclusion that adding diabase dust significantly increased the tightness and density of concrete, which impacts the increase of compressive strength by 7, 21 and 28% in reference to model concrete. The insertion of the waste diabase dust into the concrete mix significantly improved the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete after 150 cycles of testing and reduced the water absorption by 6, 15 and 21%. Using diabase dust as a substitute in the following amount: 50, 100 and 150 kg/m3 did not cause significant changes in the scope of density and water absorption, whereas the reduction of the compressive strength was from 8, 23 and 33% in reference to the model concrete. The application of dust as the substitute for cement resulted in the reduction of the costs of concrete by 6, 12 and 18% and resulted in the possibility to fully apply waste material, which confirms the justness of undertaking implementation research. Concrete with the use of waste rock dusts may be qualified as concrete that is environmentally friendly and compliant with the sustainable development of modern construction materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Rudnicki

1

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Robert Jurczak

2

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ORCID:

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military University of Technology in Warsaw, ul. Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 01-476 Warsaw, Poland
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, al. Piastów 50a, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland

Permeability, compressive strength and Proctor parameters of silts stabilised by Portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)

Per Lindh Polina Lemenkova

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 667-692 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2022.141522

Keywords permeability porosity compactness compressive strength cement

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Abstract

The study investigates the effect of Portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) added in changed proportions as stabilising agents on soil parameters: uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Proctor compactness and permeability. The material included dredged clayey silts collected from the coasts of Timrå, Östrand. Soil samples were treated by different ratio of the stabilising agents and water and tested for properties. Study aimed at estimating variations of permeability, UCS and compaction of soil by changed ratio of binders. Permeability tests were performed on soil with varied stabilising agents in ratio H _WL _B (high water / low binder) with ratio 70/30%, 50/50%, and 30/70%. The highest level of permeability was achieved by ratio 70/30% of cement/slag, while the lowest - by 30/70%. Proctor compaction was assessed on a mixture of ash and green liquor sludge, to determine optimal moisture content for the most dense soil. The maximal dry density at 1.12 g/cm ³ was obtained by 38.75% of water in a binder. Shear strength and P-wave velocity were measured using ISO/TS17892-7 and visualised as a function of UCS. The results showed varying permeability and UCS of soil stabilised by changed ratio of CEM II/GGBS.

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[92] T. Shibi and Y. Ohtsuka. Influence of applying overburden stress during curing on the unconfined compressive strength of cement-stabilized clay. Soils and Foundations, 61(4):1123–1131, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2021.03.007.
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Authors and Affiliations

Per Lindh

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Polina Lemenkova

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Swedish Transport Administration, Malmö, Sweden
Lund University (Lunds Tekniska Högskola, LTH), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Materials, Lund, Sweden
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles (Brussels Faculty of Engineering), Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Brussels, Belgium

Ultrasonic P- and S-Wave Reflection and CPT Soundings for Measuring Shear Strength in Soil Stabilized by Deep Lime/Cement Columns in Stockholm Norvik Port

Per Lindh Polina Lemenkova

Archives of Acoustics | 2023 | vol. 48 | No 3 | 325-346 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2023.145243

Keywords civil engineering soil stabilization compressive strength cement lime seismic waves

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Abstract

In this research project, the measurements of the ultrasonic P- and S-waves and seismic cone penetration testing (CPT) were applied to identify subsurface conditions and properties of clayey soil stabilized with lime/cement columns in the Stockholm Norvik Port, Sweden. Applied geophysical methods enabled to identify a connection between the resistance of soil and strength in the stabilized columns. The records of the seismic tests were obtained in the laboratory of Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI) through estimated P- and S-wave velocities using techniques of resonance frequency measurement of the stabilized specimens. The CPT profiles were used to evaluate the quality of the lime/cement columns of the reinforced soil by the interpretation of signals. The relationship between the P- and S-waves demonstrated a gain in strength during soil hardening. The quality of soil was evaluated by seismic measurements with aim to achieve sufficient strength of foundations prior to the construction of the infrastructure objects and industrial works. Seismic CPT is an effective method essential to evaluate the correct placement of the CPT inside the column. This work demonstrated the alternative seismic methods supporting the up-hole technology of drilling techniques for practical purpose in civil engineering and geotechnical works.

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Authors and Affiliations

Per Lindh

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Polina Lemenkova

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Investments, Technology and Environment, Swedish Transport Administration, Malmö, Sweden
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Materials, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis (LISA), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium

Utilizing of the Statistical Analysis for Evaluation of the Properties of Green Sand Mould

Dheya Abdulamer

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 3 | 67-73 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146664

Keywords Green sand mixing time Compactability compressive strength ANOVA

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Abstract

A statistical approach was conducted to investigate effect of independent factors of the mixing time compactability and bentonite percentage on dependent variables of permeability, compression and tensile strength of sand mould properties. Using statistical method save time in estimating the dependent variables that affect the moulding properties of green sand and the optimal levels of each factor that produce the desired results.
The results yielded indicate that there are variations in the effects of these factors and their interactions on different properties of green sand. The outcomes obtained a range of permeability values, with the highest and lowest numbers being 125 and 84. The sand exhibited high values of tensile and compressive strength measuring at 0.33N/cm2 and 17.67N/cm2. Conversely it demonstrated low levels of tensile and compressive strength reaching 0.14N/cm2 and 9.32N/cm2.
These results suggest that the moulding factors and their interactions have an important role in determining properties of the green sand. ANOVA was used to assess effect of various factors on different properties of the green sand. The results obtained suggest that compactability factor play a significant effect on permeability, the mixing time or bentonite factor has a significant effect on the compressive strength and mixing time or compactability factor has a significant impact on the tensile strength with a significance level lower than 5%. It is found that neither the mixing time nor the amount of bentonite used in the green sand mix has a significant impact on its permeability. Compactability of the green sand does not has a significant effect on the compressive strength. Bentonite used in green sand mix does not have a significant impact on its tensile strength.

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Bibliography

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[4] Abdulamer, D. & Kadauw, A. (2019). Development of mathematical relationships for calculating material-dependent flowability of green molding sand. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 28(7), 3994-4001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04089-w.
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[9] Abdulamer, D. (2021). Investigation of flowability of the green sand mould by remote control of portable flowability sensor. Archives of Materials Science and Engineering. 112(2), 70-76, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6289.
[10] Abdulamer, D. & Kadauw, A. (2021). Simulation of the moulding process of bentonite-bonded green sand, Archives of Foundry Engineering. 21(1), 67-73. DOI 10.24425/afe.2021.136080.
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[16] Abdulamer, D. (2023). Impact of the different moulding parameters on properties of the green sand mould. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 23(2), 5-9. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.144288

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Authors and Affiliations

Dheya Abdulamer

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

University of Technology, Iraq

Seismic velocity of P-waves to evaluate strength of stabilized soil for Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget Biorefinery Östrand AB, Timrå

Per Lindh Polina Lemenkova

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | 4 | e141593 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.141593

Keywords unconfined compressive strength P-wave velocity stabilized soil cement slag

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Abstract

Evaluating soil strength by geophysical methods using P-waves was undertaken in this study to assess the effects of changed binder ratios on stabilization and compression characteristics. The materials included dredged sediments collected in the seabed of Timrå region, north Sweden. The Portland cement (Basement CEM II/A-V, SS EN 197-1) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) were used as stabilizers. The experiments were performed on behalf of the Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget (SCA) Biorefinery Östrand AB pulp mill. Quantity of binder included 150, 120 and 100 kg. The properties of soil were evaluated after 28, 42, 43, 70, 71 and 85 days of curing using applied geophysical methods of measuring the travel time of primary wave propagation. The P-waves were determined to evaluate the strength of stabilized soils. The results demonstrated variation of P-waves velocity depending on stabilizing agent and curing time in various ratios: Low water/High binder (LW/HB), High water/Low binder (HW/LB) and percentage of agents (CEM II/A-V/GGBFS) as 30%/70%, 50%/50% and 70%/30%. The compression characteristics of soils were assessed using uniaxial compressive strength (UCS). The P-wave velocities were higher for samples stabilized with LW/HB compared to those with HW/LB. The primary wave propagation increased over curing time for all stabilized mixes along with the increased UCS, which proves a tight correlation with the increased strength of soil solidified by the agents. Increased water ratio gives a lower strength by maintained amount of binder and vice versa.

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Authors and Affiliations

Per Lindh

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Polina Lemenkova

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Swedish Transport Administration, Gibraltargatan 7, Malmö, Sweden
Lund University, Division of Building Materials, Box 118, SE- 221-00, Lund, Sweden
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles (Brussels Faculty of Engineering), Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis (LISA). Campus de Solbosch - CP 165/57, Avenue Franklin D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

Synthesis and Characterization of Bioceramics Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites

V. Bhuvaneswari L. Rajeshkumar R. Saravanakumar D. Balaji

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1217-1226 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141045

Keywords metal matrix composites bioceramics hardness compressive strength wear rate

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Abstract

Current work attempts to fabricate aluminium alloy AA2219 metal matrix composite (AMC) reinforced with natural bio-based sea shell powder (SSP) which is a ceramic material, in view of improving the mechanical and tribological properties. SSP was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to assess its chemical constituents and particle size. Stir casting route was adopted for fabricating AMCs reinforced with 1, 2 and 3 wt. % of SSP. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyse the formation of secondary elements during casting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used analyze the surface morphology of the composite specimen before and after tribological tests. Hardness, Compressive strength and tribological properties were evaluated using appropriate tests and corresponding ASTM standards. Characterization methods revealed that the formation of secondary elements was very low at 3 wt. % of SSP when compared with other compositions. Hardness and compressive strength was found to be maximum for 3 wt. % of SSP while the specific wear rate and coefficient of friction values were found to be lesser for the same composite when compared with the unreinforced alloy and were on par with the AA2219 composites containing synthetic reinforcements.

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Authors and Affiliations

V. Bhuvaneswari

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

L. Rajeshkumar

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

R. Saravanakumar

2

D. Balaji

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore – 641407, Tamilnadu, India
VSB College of Engineering and Technical Campus, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore – 642109, Tamilnadu, India

The effect of particle size on the mechanical properties of Alkali Activated Steel Slag Mortar

Doh Shu Ing Chia Min Ho Xiaofeng Li Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Siew Choo Chin Nur Liza Rahim Marcin Nabiałek

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 51-61 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140629

Keywords compressive strength flexural strength particle size sodium sulphate steel slag

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Abstract

With the rapid development of industry, abundant industrial waste has resulted in escalating environmental issue. Steel slag is the by-product of steel-making and can be used as cementitious materials in construction. However, the low activity of steel slag limits its utilization. Much investigation has been conducted on steel slag, while only a fraction of the investigation focuses on the effect of steel slag particle size on the properties of mortar. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of steel slag particle size as cement replacement on properties of steel slag mortar activated by sodium sulphate (Na2SO4º. In this study, two types of steel slag, classified as fine steel slag (FSS) with particle sizes of 0.075mm and coarse steel slag (CSS) with particle sizes of 0.150 mm, were used for making alkali activated steel slag (AASS) mortar. Flow table test, compressive strength test, flexural strength test and UPV test were carried out by designing and producing AASS mortar cubes of (50 x 50 x 50) mm at 0, 10%, 20% and 30% replacement ratio and at 0.85% addition of Na2SO4. The results show that the AASS mortar with FSS possess a relatively good strength in AASS mortar. AASS mortar with FSS which is relatively finer shows a higher compressive strength than CSS up to 38.0% with replacement ratio from 10% to 30%. This study provided the further investigation on the combined influence of replacement ratio and particle size of SS in the properties of fresh and hardened AASS.

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Authors and Affiliations

Doh Shu Ing

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Chia Min Ho

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Xiaofeng Li

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Siew Choo Chin

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Nur Liza Rahim

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marcin Nabiałek

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

College of Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang Kuantan Pahang, Malaysia
Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia
Department of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland

Experimental Study of Compressive Failure of Concrete under Static and Dynamic Loads

Huaming An Lei Liu

Archives of Civil Engineering | Vol. 66 | No 3 | 427-441 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.134406

Keywords concrete uniaxial compressive strength dynamic load strain rate fracture and fragmentation

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Abstract

The fracture and fragmentation of concrete under static and dynamic loads are studied. The uniaxial compressive strength test is employed to study the concrete behavior under static loads while the split Hopkinson pressure bar is used to study the dynamic behavior of the concrete under static loads. The theories for acquiring the stress, strain and strain rate of the concrete in the dynamic test by Hopkinson pressure bar has been introduced. The fracture patterns of the concrete in the uniaxial compressive test have been obtained and the static concrete compressive strengths have been calculated. The fracture patterns of the concrete in the uniaxial compressive test have been obtained and the static concrete compressive strengths have been calculated. The fracture and fragmentation of the specimen under dynamic loads have been acquired and the stress-strain curves of concrete under various impact loads are obtained. The stress-strain curve indicates a typical brittle material failure process which includes existing micro-fracture closure stage, linear-elastic stage, nonlinear-elastic stage, and post-failure stages. The influence of the loading rate for the compressive strength of the concrete has compared. Compared with the concrete under static loads, the dynamic loads can produce more fractures and fragments. The concrete strength is influenced by the strain rate and the strength increases almost linearly with the increase of the strain rate.

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Authors and Affiliations

Huaming An

e-mail:

ORCID:

Lei Liu

Correlation between compressive strengths and water absorption of fly ash cement mortar immersed in water

Qian Huang Liang Zhao

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2019 | Vol. 65 | No 3 | 141-152

Keywords Water Immersion fly ash cement compressive strength water absorption correlation

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Abstract

The compressive strength and water absorption of cement mortars with different water-binder ratio (0.35, 0.45 and 0.55) and fly ash content (0, 10%, 20% and 30%) under water immersion were investigated, and the correlation between them was further analyzed. The internal microstructure and phase composition of mortar was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The results show that the inside of mortar mixed with fly ash displayed the loose and porous microstructure. Therefore, the incorporation of fly ash reduced the compressive strength of mortar, especially the early strength, and the strength decreased with the increase of fly ash content, and the water absorption of mortar also increased. There was a linear correlation between the compressive strength and water absorption of mortar with the equation: f_c = -3.838β + 62.332, where f_c and β represented the compressive strength and water absorption, respectively. Therefore, when the water absorption of mortar immersed in water was measured, its corresponding compressive strength could be preliminarily inferred through this equation, which was of great significance for detecting and identifying the stability and safety of hydraulic structures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Qian Huang

Liang Zhao

Effect of the Ground Granulated Blast Furnaceslag on the Pore Structure of Concrete

Abdul Chalid

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 203-214 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.136469

Keywords compressive strength pore structure GGBFS cured at site mercury intrusion porosimetry

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyze effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in concrete on the pore structure, this research will contribute to the knowledge regarding the use of GGBFS as a cementitious material in terms of the future reference and potential improvement to the properties of concrete. To this aim, on the one hand a control specimens (CS) and another samples with 40% and 60% of GGBFS as replacement cement with moist cured at 20oC, 27oC, and cured at site. The compressive strength and the Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test were done. The result indicates that the strength of concrete with GGBFS at early ages tend to be lower in comparison with the CS. However, the GGBFS reaction plays important roles at the later ages. The samples cured at higher temperature produce higher strength value. The total pore volume (TPV) of the concrete use GGBFS decreases with increasing age.

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Authors and Affiliations

Abdul Chalid

1

Senior Lectures Post Graduate of Civil Eng. Sangga Buana University, Jalan Surapati No. 189 Bandung-West Java 40123, Indonesia

Assessment of the application of CEM III with exposed aggregate as an alternative to CEM I for road pavements

Marzena Kurpińska Aldona Wcisło

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 461-481 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.140653

Keywords road pavement concrete exposed aggregate compressive strength tensile strength cement

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Abstract

The article presents a results of study on the impact of replacing CEM I SR3/NA by CEMIII/A LH/HSR/NAon the mechanical properties and durability of pavement concrete with exposed aggregate. Was used granite aggregate and washed sand. Water/cement (w / c) ratio in the tested concretes constituted 0.35 and 0.4 and part of the cement was replaced with a 5% addition of natural pozzolana – zeolite. Compressive strength tests were performed after 3, 7, 28 and 56 days, tests of tensile strength test by splitting method and flexural strength two-point loading tests. The characteristics of the air pores and the rate of water absorption by concrete surface of the samples cut out from the slabs with exposed aggregate were presented. The resistance of the surface to exfoliation after 56 cycles of freezing-thawing in NaCl solution was tested. Based on the results obtained, it was found that when designing the composition of the concrete intended for the upper layer of the pavement, it is necessary to ensure high tensile strength, appropriate in the XF4 environment and with the decrease in the w / c < 0.4, a reduction in capillary porosity of the cement paste is obtained, and the same the durability of concrete is increased due to the improved strength parameters in the contact zone between coarse aggregate grains and cement paste. The research also showed a significant influence of proper cure on the mechanical properties and durability of pavement concrete.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marzena Kurpińska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Aldona Wcisło

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul.Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland

Experimental Study of the Basic Mechanical Properties of Hardened Gypsum Paste Modified with Addition of Polyoxy methylene Micrograins

K. Prałat M. Łukasiewicz P. Miczko

Archives of Civil Engineering | Vol. 66 | No 2 | 385-397 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.131816

Keywords polyoxymethylene (POM) building materials modified gypsum compressive strength bending strength

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Abstract

The development of the construction industry and the growing ecological awareness of society encourages us search for new solutions to improve building materials. Therefore, an attempt was made to improve building gypsum by modifying it with the addition of polyoxymethylene (POM). Polymer grains, with a particle size below and above 2 mm, were added to the samples in the amount of 1% and 2% relative to gypsum. The work contains the results of bending and compressive strength tests of prepared gypsum beams. It was shown that the compressive strength increased by 7% and the bending strength increased by 31% when compared to the reference test without the addition of polymer. All the obtained gypsum composites were characterized by a growth of strength. The best results were obtained for the sample containing gypsum composite modified with polymer in the amount of 1% and with a diameter of grains below 2 mm.

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Authors and Affiliations

K. Prałat

M. Łukasiewicz

P. Miczko

Effect of Protruding Rebar From Casting Element on Temperature Development and Compressive Strength of Mass Concrete

Maria Kaszyńska S. Skibicki

Archives of Civil Engineering | Vol. 66 | No 2 | 211-233 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.131806

Keywords compressive strength temperature self-consolidating concrete protruding rebar mass structure

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Abstract

The influence of rebar, protruding from concrete element during casting, on temperature and strength development was analyzed. Test models of size 50 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm were made with and without protruding rebar. The rebar protruding from the sample simulated the conditions of the hardening of elements such as bridge abutments or pylons, which require technological break. Samples were cast in insulated formworks, to create semi-adiabatic conditions for concrete curing, simulating real conditions of curing of mass structures. The research utilized selfconsolidating concrete with two different rapid hardening cements: CEM I 42.5R and CEM I 52.5R, and blastfurnace cement CEM III/A 42.5N. Continuous registration of temperatures in the samples was performed for the first 7 days. Based on the results acquired and compressive strength, the amount and kinetics of the heat given off in the concrete was determined and an evaluation of its strength in conditions simulating actual conditions was performed. The research showed that the difference in temperature between the reinforced and non-reinforced sample was approximately 14.0° C.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Kaszyńska

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S. Skibicki

Strengths of Recycled Concrete Added with Steel Fiber

Qing Su

Archives of Civil Engineering | Vol. 66 | No 3 | 693-703 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.134421

Keywords recycled aggregate concrete steel fiber slump compressive strength flexural strength

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Abstract

The strength of recycled aggregate (RA) is low, which makes the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) poor, and the addition of fiber can make up for the shortcoming of RAC. In this paper, the mechanical properties of RAC which was added with steel fiber were studied. The specimens with RA content of 0%, 40%, 70% 100% and steel fiber content of 0%, 0.5% and 1% were prepared, and their mechanical properties were tested. The results showed that the slump reduced 73.75% after the addition of 100% RA and 37.5% after the addition of 1% steel fiber compared to R0S0; from the perspective of mechanical properties, the larger the content of steel fiber, the better the mechanical properties of the specimen; the improvement of the tensile strength was the most obvious after the addition of steel fiber. The experimental results show that steel fiber can improve the performance of RAC and make it perform better in practical application.

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Authors and Affiliations

Qing Su

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Influence of micro synthetic fibers confinement on properties of lightweight foamed concrete

Md Azree Othuman Mydin

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 411-428 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.141894

Keywords foamed concrete shrinkage porosity water absorption compressive strength flexural

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Abstract

In this investigation, the confinement effects of micro synthetic fibers on lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) were examined. The parameters evaluated were porosity, water absorption, shrinkage, compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength. Three densities were cast which were 600 kg/m3, 1100 kg/m3, and 1600 kg/m3. Besides, the number of layers (1 to 3 layers) of micro synthetic fibers was also being examined. Based on the result obtained, the porosity improved by 8.0% to 16.3%, 13.8% to 25.6%, and 9.3% to 24.5% for the LFC with densities of 600 kg/m3, 1100 kg/m3, and 1600 kg/m3 confined with 1 layer, 2 layers, and 3 layers of micro synthetic fibers, respectively. Besides, for the water absorption test, the enhancements were 6.9% to 15.6%, 20.0 to 27.1%, and 12.2 to 29.6% for the respective densities and number of layers of micro synthetic fibers employed, while the drying shrinkage improved by 48.5% to 76.8%, 57.4% to 72.1%, and 43.2 % to 68.2% for the respective densities and number of layers of micro synthetic fibers employed. For the strength properties, a confinement with 3 layers of micro synthetic fibers showed significant results, where enhancements of 153% (600 kg/m3), 97% (1100 kg/m3), and 102% (1600 kg/m3) were obtained for the compression strength; 372% (600 kg/m3), 258% (1100 kg/m3), and 332% (1600 kg/m3) for the bending strength; and 507% (600 kg/m3), 343% (1100 kg/m3), and 332% (1600 kg/m3) for the splitting tensile strength, respectively, compared to the control LFC.

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Authors and Affiliations

Md Azree Othuman Mydin

1

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ORCID:

Civil Engineering, School of Housing, Building and Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

Assessment of long-term performance of foam glass as an insulating sub-base in varying humidity and temperature conditions

Stanisław Wierzbicki Mirosław Siennicki Marian A. Giżejowski

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 155-175 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.141879

Keywords foam glass long-term behaviour absorptiveness high temperature compressive strength

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Abstract

The research focuses on the properties of foam glass, popular insulation material used in various industries and applications, including construction, chemistry and defence, after several years of use under varying load, thermal and humidity conditions. The material used as an insulating sub-base underneath industrial steel tank, which had failed with a threat of leakage of the stored high-temperature medium (200°C), was tested. After macroscopic and material evaluation of the foam glass samples, their compressive strength, water absorption, and behaviour under complex conditions including loading, high temperature, and moisture were examined experimentally. Absorption of water considerably affects reducing the foam glass performance. Investigations show that the foam glass generally does not reach the declared compressive strength. If this surface is additionally heated to high temperature, the foam glass undergoes destruction by chipping or crushing just at stresses several times lower than the limits for this material, and even with no applied load. The test results show that foam glass exposed to simultaneous action of water and high temperature undergoes progressive deterioration, resulting in a decrease in declared parameters and losing its usability. Therefore, effective and durable protection from water is of critical importance to ensure reliability of foam glass exposed to high temperatures.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Wierzbicki

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mirosław Siennicki

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marian A. Giżejowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland

Granite Dust as a Mineral Component of a Dry Cement Mortar Mixtures

Grzegorz Prokopski Vitaliy Marchuk Andriy Huts

Archives of Civil Engineering | Vol. 66 | No 3 | 81-96 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.134385

Keywords granite dust cement mortar compressive strength flexural strength adhesion superplasticizer

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Abstract

In this study, the results of experiment research on building mortars based on dry mixtures with the use of granite dust are given. It also shows the possibilities of their industrial release. In the conditions of energy resources shortage, gradual exhaustion of natural raw materials, aggravation of environmental problems, an important direction in the production of building mixtures is the development of mixes with waste materials from various industries. In particular, granite dust, which simultaneously allows to rationally use natural mineral material and solve environmental problems. Based on the obtained data, experimental and statistical models of physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened mortar are constructed and ways of optimizing their compositions and improving the properties of mortars are analyzed. It is established that the use of granite dust and some additives provides high standardized parameters for mortar mixture and bricklaying process, including plasticity, compressive strength and others at the low level of cement consumption. Fresh mortar mixtures have a prolonged slump retention.

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Prokopski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Vitaliy Marchuk

e-mail:

ORCID:

Andriy Huts

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ORCID:

The effect of air-entraining agent on the properties of mortars

Zinoviy Blikharskyy Taras Markiv Khrystyna Sobol Yurii Turba Jacek Selejdak

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 3 | 147-156 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.146072

Keywords Air-entraining agent compressive strength durability frost resistance mortar

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Abstract

The effect of the air-entraining agent on properties of mortar mixtures as well as on the compressive strength of hardened mortars was the objective of this study. Such mortars contain a certain amount of evenly spread closed air-voids pores with dimensions of 0.02-0.05 mm. On the one hand, the presence of a large volume of such air bubbles results in the reduction of mechanical properties of mortar. On the other hand, the use of this technological approach improves rheological properties of mortar mixture. The effect of the air entrainment on the flow, density, volume of entrained air of mortar mixture and compressive strength of hardened mortar was established. Obtained results show substantial increasing in the mortar flow at cement to sand ratio 1:2 by 1.8 times. The further decrease of C:S ratio results in a slight increase of the flow and even negligible its decrease at C:S = 1:4 compared to the reference mortar. The increase of the volume of entrained air results in the decrease of the density and compressive strength of mortar, but improve the resistance to freezing/thawing cycles. The results of this study can be a guide for mortar mix design to choose the most appropriate mix proportion to produce economically efficient mortars.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zinoviy Blikharskyy

1

Taras Markiv

2

Khrystyna Sobol

3

Yurii Turba

3

Jacek Selejdak

4

Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, 69 St. Dabrowskiego, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
Department of Building Production, Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Systems, Lviv Polytechnic National University, S. Bandery Street 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Department of Highways and Bridges, Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Systems, Lviv Polytechnic National University, S. Bandery Street 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, 69 St. Dabrowskiego,42-201 Czestochowa, Poland

Tests of residual shear transfer strength of concrete exposed to fire

M.A. Shallal A.M.K. Al Musawi

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2018 | Vol. 64 | No 2 | 187-199

Keywords Fire Shear Transfer Compressive Strength Reinforced Concrete Stirrup Legs

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Abstract

Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used structural components about which much scientific research has been conducted; however, some of its characteristics still require further research. The main focus of this study is the effect of direct fire on the shear transfer strength of concrete. It was investigated under several parameters including concrete strength, number of stirrup legs (the steel area across the shear plane), and fire duration. The experimental program involved the testing of two sets (groups) of specimens (12 specimens each) with different concrete strengths. Each set contained specimens of two or four stirrup legs exposed to direct fire from one side (the fire was in an open area to simulate a real-life event) for a duration of one, two, and three hours. The results of the comparison showed the importance of using high-performance concrete (instead of increasing the number of stirrup legs) to resist shear stress for the purpose of safety. A significant reduction in shear strength occurred due to the deterioration of the concrete cover after three hours of direct fire exposure.

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Authors and Affiliations

M.A. Shallal

A.M.K. Al Musawi

Influence of Salinity of Mixing Water Towards Physical and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete

R.A. Razak K. Yen Ng M.M. Al Bakri Abdullah Z. Yahya R. Mohamed K. Muthusamy W.A.W. Jusoh M. Nabiałek B. Jeż

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 1041-1045 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.145473

Keywords seawater salinity blending water high strength concrete compressive strength

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Abstract

Dramatic population and economic growth result in increasing demand for concrete infrastructure, which leads to an increment of freshwater demand and a reduction of freshwater resources. However, freshwater is a finite resource, which means that freshwater will be used up someday in the future when freshwater demand keeps increasing while freshwater resources are limited. Therefore, replacing freshwater with seawater in concrete blending seems potentially beneficial for maintaining the freshwater resources as well as advantageous alternatives to the construction work near the sea. There have been few experimental research on the effect of blending water salt content on the mechanical and physical characteristics of concrete, particularly high-strength concrete. Therefore, a research study on the influence of salt concentration of blending water on the physical and mechanical properties of high-strength concrete is necessary. This study covered the blending water salinity, which varied from 17.5 g/L to 52.5 g/L and was determined on the physical and mechanical properties, including workability, density, compressive strength, and flexural strength. The test results indicate that the use of sea salt in blending water had a slight negative influence on both the workability and the density of high strength concrete. It also indicates that the use of sea salt in blending water had a positive influence on both the compressive strength and the flexural strength of high-strength concrete in an earlystage.

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Authors and Affiliations

R.A. Razak

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

K. Yen Ng

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

M.M. Al Bakri Abdullah

1 3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Z. Yahya

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

R. Mohamed

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

K. Muthusamy

4

e-mail:

ORCID:

W.A.W. Jusoh

5

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Nabiałek

6

e-mail:

ORCID:

B. Jeż

7

e-mail:

ORCID:

Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Geopolymer and Green Technology, Center of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Kangar, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Perlis, Malaysia
Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Pahang Malaysia
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Physics, 19 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Technology and Automation, 19c Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland

Solidification/Stabilization Treatment for organic oil immobilization in Algerian Petroleum Drill Cuttings: Optimization and Acceptance Tests for Landfilling

Abbas Hadj Abbas Abidi Saad Aissa Mohamed Khodja Farad Sagala Messaoud Hacini

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2022 | 48 | 2 | 95-105 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2022.140770

Keywords compressive strength, Portland cement, solidification/stabilization, drill cuttings, drill cuttings, Total Petroleumdrill Hydrocarbon (TPH)

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Abstract

Hassi Messaoud oil field is one of the most important fields in Algeria and the world, because it covers an important quantity of total Crude Oil Production in Algeria. Furthermore, two-thirds of this oil field is underexplored or not explored. Therefore, the drilling process of petroleum wells in this field is a continuous process that results in significant drilling waste. This implies that enormous noxious quantities of drilling waste are produced daily that require treatment via solidification/stabilization (S/S) process before being landfilled. These types of wastes have pollution concentration that significantly exceeds the safety standards. In this study, we focus on the factors affecting the solidification/stabilization treatment of the drill cuttings obtained from Hassi Messaoud oil field and the process optimization. The solidification/stabilization is performed using the cement as binder, and sand, silicate, organophilic clay and activated carbon as additives.The study has been divided into two steps: (i) Determining the optimum ratio of each element used in the S/S process for the organic element (hydrocarbon) elimination, (ii) Combining the optimum ratios found in the previous step to determine the optimal mixture. The obtained results in the first step showed that the optimum ratio for the cement-to-drill cuttings mass ratio is 0.09:1. For the additives-to-drill cuttings mass ratios are 0.04:1, 0.006:1, 0.013:1 and 0.013:1 for the sand, sodium silicate, organophilic clay and activated carbon, respectively. An optimum formula is found whose main finding shows that the hydrocarbon content of our sample is dropped from 9.40 to 1.999%. Many tests’ results such as matrix permeability, resistance to free compression and heavy metals rate before and after S/S process were investigated before landfilling. Besides that, in the light of outcomes achieved by this assessment, these harmful cuttings can be converted into a useful product that helps in reducing the environmental foot prints.

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Bodzek, M. (2022). Nanoparticles for water disinfection by photocatalysis: A review. Archives of Environmental Protection, 48, 1, pp. 3–17, DOI:10.24425/aep.2022.140541.
Boutammine, H., Salem, Z. & Khodja, M. (2020). Petroleum drill cuttings treatment using stabilization/solidification and biological process combination. Soil Sediment Contam. 29, 369–383. DOI:10.1080/15320383.2020.1722982
Clark, A.I. & Perry, R. (1985). Cement-Based Stabilization/Solidification Processes for the disposal of toxic wastes. Proceedings from a Workshop on Environmental Technology Assessment. Beaurmont, PWR, Jain, RK and Engelbrecht, RS, Eds. pp. 1 – 44.
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Authors and Affiliations

Abbas Hadj Abbas

1 2

Abidi Saad Aissa

3

Mohamed Khodja

4

Farad Sagala

5 6

Messaoud Hacini

3

Laboratoire de géologie du Sahara, Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Route de Ghardaia BP 511 Ouargla Algérie.
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary,
Laboratoire de géologie du Sahara, Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Route de Ghardaia BP 511 Ouargla Algérie
SONATRACH/Institut Algérien du Pétrole, Avenue 1 Novembre 35000 Boumerdès, Algeria
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary
Department of Energy, Minerals and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mbarara, University of Science and Technology (MUST), Kihumuro Campus, Mbarara, Uganda

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Aluminum Foams Manufactured by Investment Casting Method

A. Dmitruk H. Kapłon K. Naplocha

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2022 | vol. 22 | No 1 | 37-42 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2022.140214

Keywords mechanical properties Innovative foundry technologies and materials Metal foams Investment casting compressive strength

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Abstract

A method for the open-cell aluminum foams manufacturing by investment casting was presented. Among mechanical properties, compressive behaviour was investigated. The thermal performance of the fabricated foams used as heat transfer enhancers in the heat accumulator based on phase change material (paraffin) was studied during charging-discharging working cycles in terms of temperature distribution. The influence of the foam on the thermal conductivity of the system was examined, revealing a two-fold increase in comparison to the pure PCM. The proposed castings were subjected to cyclic stresses during PCM’s subsequent contraction and expansion, while any casting defects present in the structure may deteriorate their durability. The manufactured heat transfers enhancers were found suitable for up to several dozen of cycles. The applied solution helped to facilitate the heat transfer resulting in more homogeneous temperature distribution and reduction of the charging period’s duration.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Dmitruk

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H. Kapłon

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K. Naplocha

1

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Department of Lightweight Elements Engineering, Foundry and Automation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland

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