Nauki Techniczne

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Zawartość

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2003 | No 3

Abstrakt

The paper presents a method which allows to eliminate the y' (Cu, Ni),AI phase of discontinuous transition occurring during ageing of CuNilOAI3 alloy. Introduction of additions such as Si or Ti in the amount of some tenths of percent into CuNi I 0Al3 alloy causes that y' phase of the discontinuous transition is not precipitated. CuNilOAI3 alloy, free from the Iamellar y' precipitates, formed in the discontinuous transition, attains very high strength properties and good deformability.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Janusz Gryziecki
Andrzej Łatkowski

Abstrakt

The article shows the results of simulation studies conducted on metal matrix composites applying the method of the dynamics of molecular particles. The described method has been illustrated with numerical examples of the simulation and verified by experiments. The numerical computations have been made on supercomputers available at the Academic Computer Centre in Kraków, while experimental studies were conducted by the Foundry Research Institute in Kraków.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Zbigniew Górny
Stanisława Kluska-Nawarecka
Henryk Połcik
Witold Alda

Abstrakt

The method of the calculation of strain distribution is based on the measurements of the displacements along the length and transverse cross-section of the conical working zone. Two measuring methods have been used. In the "classical" method the typical measuring microscope equipped with goniometric table has been used. The second method based on the photogrammetric analysis of the pictures has been elaborated and proved by authors. The special computer program has been elaborated for the photograrnmetric image analysis and the later final results receiving. This method can be recommended as the best for using in the practice of researches carried out at the real object. The experiments carried out during the rolling of condenser tubes using pilgering process show that the each transverse section of input tube is twisted during successive working cycles.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jan Osika
Kazimierz Świątkowski

Abstrakt

In lost foam process, application of protective refractory ceramic coatings on patterns made from foamed polystyrene plays a very important part and decides about the quality of produced castings. The coating should be made from a material of suitable strength and good permeability to give free way of escape to gaseous products which are formed due to the thermal destruction of a pattern. In this work an attempt has been made to determine the criteria for technological estimation of these coatings. A device cooperating with the apparatus for determination of the moulding sand permeability was designed and manufactured. To enable a comparison of the strength of various tested coatings, the relevant equations have been derived. In the present investigation several types of ceramic coatings were applied and their composition was based on the following materials: quartz flour, zircon flour, mullite, hydrolysed ethyl silicate - 40, copolymer silicate binder, sizol 0-30. The thickness of the examined coatings was 1.0±0.1 mm and 1.5±0.1 mm for single-layer and double-layer coatings, respectively.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Wiesław Jankowski
Zdzisław Żółkiewicz

Abstrakt

The objective of this paper is to identify non-metallic inclusions occurring in aluminium-killed steel with regulated sulphur content and modified with calcium, explain the reaction between calcium and non-metallic inclusions and identify secondary metallurgy parameters, which condition obtaining such forms of inclusions to be favourable to improvement in steel machinability. Computer-aided thermodynamic calculations and production experiments were carried out. They enabled to determine technological parameters of treatment in liquid steel ladle deoxidised with silicon and aluminium, with low (0.01%) and increased (up to 0.03%) sulphur content. By comparison of the computer-aided simulations and production experiment results it was found that calcium in the steel both modifies the aluminium oxide inclusions and reacts with sulphur, whereas deep desulphurisation (below O.Ol%) is favourable to oxide modification. Non-metallic inclusions of calcium aluminates, which affect positively the rnachinability of steel, appear in liquid state in the steel bath. During conventional casting and cooling down large ingots of steel with increased sulphur content, aluminates are significantly depleted in calcium as a result of reaction between calcium and sulphur dissolved in these aluminates and steel matrix. To obtain aluminates and (Ca,Mn)S sulphides rich in calcium in finished products accelerated steel cooling is to be applied, which takes place during continuous steel casting. In steels modified with calcium, there is higher homogeneity of distribution and sizes of inclusions on finished products' cross-section and higher globularisation of these inclusions in comparison to non-modified steels. Improved steel machining properties in these steels and improved isotropy of mechanical properties in bars made from it were found.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Różański
Józef Paduch

Abstrakt

Comparison of the processes of spontaneous dissolution of brasses and CuCd alloy under hydrogen depolarization was made. Observations of specimens surface using a scanning microscope during the reaction were carried out. An identification of phases of solid products of the dissolution by means ofX-rays diffraction analysis was performed. Among the solid products of the dissolution a separate phase of copper hydride was found. The lattice parameters of copper hydride obtained after the dissolution process of brasses and CuCd alloy are identical.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Lidia Burzyńska

Abstrakt

The mathematical description of the hydrogen desorption process from liquid aluminium and its alloys in the bubbling process was presented. The mathematical model based on the equation for the mass transfer coefficient and dimensionless number of the hydrogen concentration introduced by Sigworth and Engh is presented. This mathematical modelling was carried out for the continuous reactor under the atmospheric pressure. Also, the selection of main thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, that are essential to modelling calculations, was done. Among the most important parameters there are: the hydrogen solubility in aluminium and its alloys, the interfacial contact area in the system: liquid metals - the bubble of refining gas (this area can be determined using estimated values of the bubble rise velocity and the bubble diameter), and the mass transfer coefficient. The hydrogen solubility in aluminium alloys can be described basing on the activity coefficient calculated from Wagner's interaction parameters. This model and correctness of assumptions, which were made, were verified. The comparison of the calculated hydrogen concentration with the industrial data for AK-64 alloy refining in a continuous reactor under the atmospheric pressure was carried out. The simulation of the refining process under vacuum based on the experimental data for AK-64 alloy under atmospheric pressure was done.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mariola Saternus
Jan Botor

Abstrakt

The equilibrium EMF's were measured for the Al-Ti solid alloys in the region of o:(Ti) phase by means of the concentration cells. Experiments were conducted at the temperatures 923 K, I O 14 K, 1041 K and 1061 Kand in the concentration range from XA1 = 0.0222 to 0.1237. Next, the temperature-concentration dependence of excess Gibbs energy of Al was worked out (Red I ichKi ster relation) and used to calculate the partial and integral thermodynamic functions (excess Gibbs energy, enthalpy of solutions, excess entropy and activity of aluminium and titanium, integral enthalpy of mixing and excess entropy).
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Władysław Gąsior
Zbigniew Moser

Abstrakt

In magnetic separators the phenomenon of magnetic flocculation is an inseparable feature of enrichment of strongly magnetic ores. Non-magnetic particles are bound in the floe internal structure by means of magnetic, surface and mechanical forces which leads to the deterioration of enrichment results. The intensity of flocculation depends on magnetic field intensity, content of the magnetic component in the feed and ore feed rate. The above mentioned factors affect the enrichment results. The paper presents the separation analysis in the band magnetic separator with respect to the magnetic field distribution in the separator working space as well as internal and external mechanical forces, acting on the particle. The author determined the effect of the magnetic compound content in the feed and the amount of washing water on the recovery of this component in the concentrate as well as the effect of the magnetic component content in the feed and the magnetic force density on the residue of the non-magnetic component in the concentrate. The analysis was performed according to the physical model of magnetic separation, presented in the paper. The theoretical dependences, derived from this model, are in good agreement with the results of empirical research, found in the literature.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marian Brożek

Instrukcja dla autorów

Instructions for Authors


Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is a quarterly journal of Polish Academy of Sciences and Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS which publishes original scientific papers and reviews in the fields of metallurgy and materials science, foundry, mechanical working of metals, thermal engineering in metallurgy, thermodynamic and physical properties of materials, phase equilibria in the broad context and diffusion. In addition to the regular, original scientific papers and conference proceedings, invited reviews presenting the up-to-date knowledge and monothematic issues devoted to preferred areas of research will be published. Submission of a paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that if accepted it will not be published elsewhere in the same form.


When preparing the manuscript, please pay attention to the following rules:


1. Manuscript submission

1.1. Manuscripts to be considered for publication should be submitted to the Editorial Office via www.editorialsystem.com/amm/. Authors should designate corresponding author, whose responsibility is to represent the Authors in contacts with the Editorial Office. The corresponding author receives an e-mail notification confirming the submission of the manuscript to the Editorial Office and is informed about the progress of the review process.


1.2. Manuscript should not exceed 15 pages of full-size paper (A4), must be double spaced (please use 12 point font), with generous margins, and the pages must be numbered. Authors should submit an electronic file of their manuscript in Microsoft Word (minimum : version 2000).


1.3. All manuscripts must be written in good English. Both British and U.S. English are acceptable but Authors should be consistent in their usage. It is sole responsibility of the Authors to make sure that the manuscript is grammatically correct and spell checked. Authors are strongly encouraged to have the manuscript proofread by a native speaker of English or a language professional, before it is submitted to the editorial office. Papers written in poor English will be automatically rejected without being subjected to review.


1.4. Authors should submit an electronic copy of final version of their paper in Microsoft Word Format, shemes (sketches) and figures saved as .eps, .jpeg, or .tiff.


1.5. Articles submitted for publication should include abstract and maximum 5 keywords.


1.6. Please adhere to the following order of presentation:


Author(s) with first names in full and ORCID.

Affiliation(s): in a short form (Institution, City, Country). Use the superscripts (*, **, . . .) after the Authors’ names in case of different affiliations.

Title: All words in lower case (first letter of first word capitalized).


Abstract: maximum 10 lines, including primary objective, research design, methods and procedures, main outcomes and results. Do not use abbreviations in the abstract.

Keywords: 5 maximum.

Main text: Begin on the second page with Introduction, followed by Experimental (Materials and Methods) and/or Theory section, Results, Discussion, and end with Conclusion section and Acknowledgement. When appropriate the Authors may choose to combine Results section and Discussion section into one Results and Discussion section. Make sure the text in sections is divided logically into paragraphs.
Use the decimal system for sections, subsections and (at the most) sub-subsections, as exemplified in the headings of these instructions.
All abbreviations should be spelled out the first time they are introduced in text or references. Thereafter the abbreviation can be used.


Appendices

References

Correspondence address: title, name, postal address, telephone and e-mail address of the corresponding Author, number ORCID.

Figure captions

Tables

2. Manuscript preparation


The editorial system includes:


1. Manuscript, which should contain the full text with figures, tables and signatures to them where they are placed.


2. Figures, tables and signatures to them as separate files.


2.1. Formulae, equations and units
The formulas should be written in Microsoft Equation and MathType with the possibility of editing (not as graphics).
Formulae and equations should be typed on separate lines and numbered consecutively in parentheses on the right side (1) . . . (n). Vectors must be indicated as such. Size of symbols should be kept uniform for all equations in the manuscript. Formulae and equations should be referred to in the text as follows: Eq. (1).
Numbers and units must be separated by a space, e.g. 5.5 wt.%, 273.15 K, 1013 MPa, etc. The only exception are angle degrees, e.g. 90°.

2.2. Figures

Figures should be complete without corrections and additions in the word. Figures are usually printed in reduced size (fitting column width of 85 mm) and this should be taken into account when preparing them. For the best results, make sure that lettering on figures and micrographs is at least 2 mm high after reduction, and the style of labeling must be uniform for all figures. Each figure should have its own caption explaining the content without reference to the text. Figure captions should be typed on a separate page at the end of manuscript. The appropriate place of in the text should be indicated by <Fig. 3 > written in separate line. Figures should be referred to in text as follows: Fig. 1. The magnification must be indicated by a labeled scale marker on the micrograph itself, not drawn below it. For optimum printing quality micrographs should be saved as .eps or .tiff at a resolution of at least 300 dpi while line drawings at a resolution of at least 600 dpi.

2.3. Move file
The authors can make movie files up to 100 MB in MP4 format.
The author at the first reference (Movie 1. Click here) should with the Click here command connect the web address with the place of uploading the movie (hyperlink) and at the end of the article provide a list of hyperlinks (samples: Movie 1, hyperlink, movie no 2, hyperlink ......).

The files will be removed from the edytorial system when rejected or published article (moved to Rejected or Published manuscripts).


2.4. Tables

Tables together with captions should be typed on separate page at the end of manuscript. Tables are to be numbered consecutively using Arabic numbers in the text (TABLE 1 . . . n). A caption must be placed above respective table and should explain the symbols used in the heading and in the left hand column. Tables should be referred to in the text as follows: TABLE 1.


2.5. References

References should be typed on separate pages and numbered consecutively applying the system accepted by the Quarterly (initials and names all authors, journal title [abbreviated according to the Journal Title Abbreviations of Web of Science: http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/, everyone abbreviation should be end with a dot - example. Arch.Metall.Mater.] or book title; journal volume or book publisher; page spread; publication year in bracket).

The use of DOI numbers (full notation and linked) is mandatory for each paper and should be formatted as shown in the examples below:

Journals:

[1] L.B. Magalas, Development of High-Resolution Mechanical Spectroscopy, HRMS: Status and Perspectives. HRMS Coupled with a Laser Dilatometer. Arch. Metall. Mater. 60 (3), 2069-2076 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/AMM-2015-0350

[2] E. Pagounis, M.J. Szczerba, R. Chulist, M. Laufenberg, Large Magnetic Field-Induced Work output in a NiMgGa Seven-Lavered Modulated Martensite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 152407 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4933303

[3] H. Etschmaier, H. Torwesten, H. Eder, P. Hadley, Suppression of Interdiffusion in Copper/Tin thin Films. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2012).DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0090-2 (in press).

Books:

[2] M. H. Kamdar, A.M.C. Westwood, Environment-Sensitive Mechanical Behaviour, New York 1981.

Proceedings:

[3] F. Erdogan, in: H. Liebowitz (Ed.), Fracture 2, Academic Press 684, New York (1968).

Internet resource:

[4] http://www.twi.co.uk/content/fswqual.html

PhD Thesis:

[6] F.M. LIang. World Hyphenation by Computer. PhD thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, June.

Chapter in books:

[7] R. Major, P. Lacki, R. Kustosz, J. M. Lackner, Modelling of nanoindentation to simulate thin layer behavior, in: K. J. Kurzydłowski, B. Major,

P. Zięba (Ed.), Foundation of Materials Design 2006, Research Signpost (2006).

Articles in press:

[8] H. EtschmaIer, H. Torwesten, H. Eder, P. Hadley, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2012), DOI: 10.1007/s11665-011-0090-2 (in press).

3. Fees

No honorarium will be paid. The journal does not have article processing charges (APCs) nor article submission charges.

4. Review and proofread process

4.1. Peer review process All submitted manuscripts undergo review by renowned specialists appointed by the Editor-in-Chief and members of the Editorial Board. Reviewers receive guidance to help them perform the review, and submit written opinion on the manuscript together with recommendation to accept as is, or reject, or accept after revision. In the latter case i.e. when revision is requested, the authors are obliged to respond to Editor and Reviewers’ comments in detail and make revisions to the manuscript. A rebuttal to Reviewers’ comments can also be sent via the Editorial System in writing. Decision to reject the article is taken by the Editorial Board with the final decision belonging to the Editor, who may appoint another reviewer if necessary. Reviewers remain anonymous to Authors and their identity cannot be revealed by the Editorial Office.

In a separate file, the authors are requested to suggest names and contact details (affiliations and valid e-mail addresses) of at least three experts who could serve as reviewers.

Brief explanation (2-3 sentence-long) why each person is suitable as a reviewer should also be provided. The suggested reviewers cannot be from the same country as affiliation of the corresponding author. The decision to appoint a reviewer belongs solely to the editor.

4.2. Revised manuscript submission

When revision of a manuscript is requested, Authors should return the revised version of their manuscript as soon as possible. Prompt action may ensure fast publication if a paper is finally accepted for publication in Arch. Metall. Mater. If it is the first revision of an article Authors are requested to return their revised manuscript within 7 days.

If it is the second revision Authors are requested to return their revised manuscript within 1 day.

4.3. Final proofreading

Authors will receive a pdf file with the edited version of their manuscript for final proofreading. This is the last opportunity to view an article before its publication on the journal web site. No changes or modifications can be introduced once it is published. Thus authors are requested to check their proof pages carefully against manuscript within 3 working days and prepare a separate document containing all changes that should be introduced. Authors are sometimes asked to provide additional comments and explanations in response to remarks and queries from the language or technical editors.

5. Original version

Starting from issue 1/ 2018, Volume 63, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is published in electronic via www.journals.pan.pl. The printed version is printed only for designated libraries (legal basis: Regulation of the Minister of Culture and Art of March 6, 1997).

6. Prevent cases of plagiarism

Readers should be sure that the authors present the results of their work transparently, fair and honest, regardless of whether they are the direct authors, or used the help of a specialized entity (natural or legal person). To prevent cases of plagiarism, "ghostwriting" and "guest Authorship", the Editorial Office will require that the Authors disclosed the contribution of individual Authors in the creation of manuscript (with their affiliations and contributions, i.e. the information who is responsible for: research concept and design, collection and/or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, writing the manuscript). Funding sources (together with grant number) must also be revealed. The corresponding Author will bear the main responsibility for the manuscript. Detected cases will be exposed, including notifying the appropriate entities (institutions employing the Authors, scientific societies, associations of editors of scientific journals, etc.).

7. License type

Articles are printed in an open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). This license allows authors to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform, and build upon the material. Authors may not use the material for commercial purposes. However, this condition does not include dependent works (they may be covered by another license).

Submission of an article to the journal is unequivocal to expressing consent to the publication in both paper and electronic form.

Dodatkowe informacje

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