Applied sciences

Archives of Acoustics

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Archives of Acoustics | 2021 | vol. 46 | No 4

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Abstract

Electric guitar manufacturers have used tropical woods in guitar production for decades claiming it as beneficiary to the quality of the instruments. These claims have often been questioned by guitarists but now, with many voices raising concerns regarding the ecological sustainability of such practices, the topic becomes even more important. Efforts to find alternatives must begin with a greater understanding of how tonewood affects the timbre of an electric guitar. The presented study examined how the sound of a simplified electric guitar changes with the use of various wood species. Multiple sounds were recorded using a specially designed test setup and their analysis showed differences in both spectral envelope and the generated signal level. The differences between the acoustic characteristics of tones produced by the tonewood samples explored in the study were larger than the just noticeable differences reported for the respective characteristics in the literature. To verify these findings an informal listening test was conducted which showed that sounds produced with different tonewoods were distinguishable to the average listener.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Jasiński
1
Stanisław Oleś
1
Daniel Tokarczyk
1
Marek Pluta
1

  1. Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

The paper presents a method of eliminating the tonal component of an acoustic signal. The tonal component is approximated by a sinusoidal signal of a given amplitude and frequency. As the parameters of this component: amplitude, frequency and initial phase may be variable, it is important to detect these parameters in subsequent analysis time intervals (frames). If the detection of the parameters is correct, the elimination consists in adding a sinusoidal component with the detected amplitude and frequency to the signal, but the phase shifted by 180 degrees. The accuracy of the reduction depends on the accuracy of parameters detection and their changes.
Detection takes place using the Discrete Fourier Transform, whose length is changed to match the spectrum resolution to the signal frequency. The operation for various methods of synthesis of the compensating signal as well as various window functions were checked. An elimination simulation was performed to analyze the effectiveness of the reduction. The result of the paper is the assessment of the method in narrowband active noise control systems. The method was tested by simulation and then experimentally with real acoustic signals. The level of reduction was from 6.9 to 31.5 dB.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Łuczyński
1
Andrzej Dobrucki
1
Stefan Brachmański
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Chair of Acoustics and Multimedia, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

Various types of passive sonar systems are used to detect submarines. These activities are complex and demanding. Therefore, computer simulations are most often used at the design stage of these systems. For this reason, it is also necessary to simulate the acoustic ambient noise of the sea. The article proposes a new numerical model of surface and quasi-spherical sea noise and presents its statistical parameters. The results of the application of the developed noise model to analyse the received signals of the DIFAR sonobuoy are also presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Rudnicki
1
Roman Salamon
1
Jacek Marszal
1

  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Department of Sonar Systems, Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract

It is well known that nonlinear ultrasound is sensitive to some microstructural characteristics in material. This paper investigates the dependence of the nonlinear ultrasonic characteristic on Al-Cu precipitation in heat-treated 2219-T6 aluminum alloy specimens. The specimens were heat-treated at a constant temperature 155℃ for different exposure times up to 1800 min. The nonlinearity parameter and the changes of precipitates phase were measured for each of the artificially aged specimens. The experimental results show fluctuations in the fractional change in nonlinear parameter (Δβ/β0) and the changes of precipitated phase over the aging time, but with an interesting correlation between the fractional change in nonlinear parameter (Δβ/β0) and the change of precipitate phase over the aging time. Through the experimental data results, the fractional change in nonlinear parameter (Δβ/β0) and the change of precipitate phase over the aging time were fitted curve. Microstructural observations confirmed that those fluctuations are due to the formation and evolution of precipitates that occur in a unique precipitation sequence in this alloy. These results suggest that the nonlinear ultrasonic measurement can be useful for monitoring second phase precipitation in the 2219-T6 aluminum alloy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jun You
1 2 3
Yunxin Wu
1 4 2 3
Hai Gong
1 4 2 3

  1. Research Institute of Light Alloys, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
  2. Nonferrous Metal Oriented Advanced Structural Material and Manufacturing Cooperative Innovation Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
  3. State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
  4. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Abstract

Microphone array with minimum variance (MVDR) beamformer is a commonly used method for ambient noise suppression. Unfortunately, the performance of the MVDR beamformer is poor in a real reverberant room due to multipath wave propagation. To overcome this problem, we propose three improvements. Firstly, we propose end-fire microphone array that has been shown to have a better directivity index than the corresponding broadside microphone array. Secondly, we propose the use of unidirectional microphones instead of omnidirectional ones. Thirdly, we propose an adaptation of its adaptive algorithm during the pause of speech, which improves its robustness against the room reverberation and deviation from the optimal receiving direction. The performance of the proposed microphone array was theoretically analyzed using a diffuse noise model. Simulation analysis was performed for combined diffuse and coherent noise using the image model of the reverberant room. Real room tests were conducted using a four-microphone array placed in a small office room. The theoretical analysis and the real room tests showed that the proposed solution considerably improves speech quality.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zoran Šarić
1
ORCID: ORCID
Miško Subotić
1
Ružica Bilibajkić
1
Marko Barjaktarović
2
Nebojša Zdravković
3

  1. Laboratory of Acoustics, Life Activities Advancement Center, Serbia
  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia
  3. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
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Abstract

In this paper, we investigate a problem on reflection and transmission of plane-waves at an interface between two dissimilar half-spaces of a transversely isotropic micropolar piezoelectric material. The entire model is assumed to rotate with a uniform angular velocity. The governing equations of rotating and transversely isotropic micropolar piezoelectric medium are specialized in a plane. Plane-wave solutions of two-dimensional coupled governing equations show the possible propagation of three coupled plane-waves. For an incident plane-wave at an interface between two dissimilar half-spaces, three reflected and three transmitted waves propagate with distinct speeds. The connections between the amplitude ratios of reflected and transmitted waves are obtained. The expressions for the energy ratios of reflected and transmitted waves are also obtained. A numerical example of the present model is considered to illustrate the effects of rotation on the speeds and energy ratios graphically.
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Authors and Affiliations

Baljeet Singh
1
Asha Sangwan
2
Jagdish Singh
3

  1. Department of Mathematics, Post Graduate Government College, Sector 11, Chandigarh, 160011, India
  2. Department of Mathematics, Government College, Sampla, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
  3. Department of Mathematics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
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Abstract

The problem of reducing noise in transportation is an important research field to prevent accidents and to provide a civilised environment for people. A material that has recently attracted attention in research to reduce noise is acoustic metamaterial, and most of the research projects so far have been limited to the case of static media without flow. We have studied the sound transmission properties of the acoustic metamaterials with turbulent flow to develop the acoustic metamaterials that are used in transportation. In this paper, the effects of geometrical structure, convection, and eddy on sound propagation in the acoustic metamaterials with turbulent flow are investigated, and the relationships between them are analysed. The effects of convection and eddy reduce the resonant strength of the sound transmission loss resulting from the unique geometry of the acoustic metamaterials, but move the resonant frequencies to opposite directions. In addition, when the convective effect and the eddy effect of the airflow, as well as the intrinsic interaction effect generated from the unique geometrical structure of the acoustic metamaterials cannot be ignored, they exhibit competition phenomena with each other, resulting in a widening of the resonance peak. As a result, these three effects cause the shift of the resonance frequency of the sound transmission loss and the widening of the resonance peak. The results of this study show that even in the case of turbulent flow, the metamaterials can be used for transportation by properly controlling its geometric size and shape.
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Authors and Affiliations

Myong Chol Pak
1
Kwang-Il Kim
1
Hak Chol Pak
1
Kwon Ryong Hong
2

  1. Department of Physics, Kim Il Sung University, Taesong District, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
  2. Institute of Natural Sciences, Kim Il Sung University, Taesong District, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
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Abstract

Numerical models allow structural characteristics to be obtained by solving mathematical formulations. The sound absorption capacity of a material can be acquired by numerically simulating an impedance tube and using the method governed by ISO 10534-2. This study presents a procedure of obtaining sound pressure using two microphones and as outline condition, at one end of the tube, the impedance of fiber samples extracted from the pseudostem of banana plants. The numerical methodology was conducted in the ANSYS® Workbench software. The sound absorption coefficient was obtained in the MATLAB® software using as input data the sound pressure captured in the microphones and applying the mathematical formulations exposed in this study. For the validation of the numerical model, the results were compared with the sound absorption coefficients of the fiber sample collected from an experimental procedure and also with the results of a microperforated panel developed by Maa (1998). According to the results, the methodology presented in this study showed effective results, since the largest absolute and relative errors were 0.001 and 3.162%, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Cláudia Ohana Borges Mendes
1
Maria Alzira De Araújo Nunes
1

  1. Graduate Program in Engineering Materials Integrity, University of Brasília-UnB, College UnB Gama-FGA Área Especial de Indústria Projeção A, Setor Leste, CEP:72.444-240, Gama, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Abstract

Lined ducts with porous materials are found in many industrial applications. To understand and simulate the acoustic behaviour of these kinds of materials, their intrinsic physical parameters must be identified. Recent studies have shown the reliability of the inverse approach for the determination of these parameters. Therefore, in the present paper, two inverse techniques are proposed: the first is the multilevel identification method based on the simplex optimisation algorithm and the second one is based on the genetic algorithm. These methods are used of the physical parameters of a simulated case of a porous material located in a duct by the computation of its acoustic transfer, scattering, and power attenuation. The results obtained by these methods are compared and discussed to choose the more efficient one.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kani Marwa
1 2
Amine Makni
1
Mohamed Taktak
1 2
Mabrouk Chaabane
2
Mohamed Haddar
1

  1. Laboratory of Mechanics, Modeling and Productivity (LA2MP), National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
  2. Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Abstract

The aim of the paper is to experimentally determine the scattering matrix S of an example reflective muffler of cylindrical geometry for Helmholtz number exceeding the plane wave propagation. Determining the scattering matrix of an acoustic systems is a new and increasingly used approach in the assessment of reduction of noise propagating inside duct-like elements of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC). The scattering matrix of an acoustic system provides all necessary information on the propagation of wave through it. In case of the analysed reflective silencer, considered as a two-port system, the noise reduction was determined by calculating the transmission loss parameter (TL) based on the scattering matrix (S). Measurements were carried out in two planes of the cross-section of pipes connected to the muffler.

The paper presents results of the scattering matrix evaluation for the wave composed of the plane wave (mode (0,0)) and the first radial mode (0,1), each of which was generated separately using the self-designed and constructed single-mode generator. The gain of proceeding measurements for single modes stems from the fact that theoretically, calculation of the S-matrix does not require, as will be presented in the paper, calculation of the measurement data inverse matrix. Moreover, if single mode sound fields are well determined, it ensures error minimization. The presented measurement results refer to an example of a duct like system with a reflective muffler for which the scattering matrix S was determined. The acoustic phenomena inside such a system can be scaled by the parameter ka.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Gorazd
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

A study was carried to assess the effect of traffic noise pollution on the work efficiency of shopkeepers in Indian urban areas. For this, an extensive literature survey was done on previous research done on similar topics. It was found that personal characteristics, noise levels in an area, working conditions of shopkeepers, type of task they are performing are the most significant factors to study effects on work efficiency. Noise monitoring, as well as a questionnaire survey, was done in Surat city to collect desired data. A total of 17 parameters were considered for assessing work efficiency under the influence of traffic noise. It is recommended that not more than 6 parameters should be considered for ANFIS modeling hence, before opting for the ANFIS modeling, most affecting parameters to work efficiency under the influence of traffic noise, was chosen by Structural Equation Model (SEM). As a result of the SEM model, two ANFIS prediction models were developed to predict the effect on work efficiency under the influence of traffic noise. R squared for model 1, for training data was 0.829 and for testing data, it was 0.727 and R squared for model 2 for training data was 0.828 and for testing data, it was 0.728. These two models can be used satisfactorily for predicting work efficiency under traffic noise environment for open shutter shopkeepers in tier II Indian cities.
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Authors and Affiliations

Manoj Yadav
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bhaven Tandel
1

  1. Civil Engineering Department, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
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Abstract

In this paper, a four-pole system matrix for evaluating acoustic performance (STL) is derived using a decoupled numerical method. During the optimization process, a simulated annealing (SA) method, which is a robust scheme utilized to search for the global optimum by imitating a physical annealing process, is used. Prior to dealing with a broadband noise, to recheck the SA method’s reliability, the STL’s maximization relative to a one-tone noise (400Hz) is performed. To assure the accuracy of muffler’s mathematical model, a theoretical analysis of one-diffuser muffler is also confirmed by an experimental data. Subsequently, the optimal results of three kinds of mufflers (muffler A: one diffuser; muffler B: two diffusers; muffler C: three diffusers) have also been compared. Results reveal that the acoustical performance of mufflers will increase when the number of diffusers installed at the muffler inlet increases
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Authors and Affiliations

Min-Chie Chiu
1
Ho-Chih Cheng
2

  1. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Tatung University, Taiwan, R.O.C.
  2. Department of Intelligent Automation Engineering, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Abstract

The paper contains the abstracts of papers presented during 67th Open Seminar on Acoustics September 14–17, 2021.
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