Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management

A fact that in spite of more and more often affords aimed to correction of actually obligatory recoverability criteria related with pol i-metallic ore deposits do not follow current increase of the deposit value resulting from high copper prices on the World markets was pointed out in the present study. Based on the analysis of two geological bore-holes it was proved in the study that actual value of Im2 of the deposit occurring around the bore-hole, from which the data are classified according to current and former criteria as non-recoverable (because of small efficiency or too low equivalent percentage content of Cu), is comparable to value of Im2 of the deposit classified according to criterions from the year 1977 (and actual) as recoverable resources. Some doubts were also pointed out with respect to calculation procedure of equivalent Cu percentage content taking under consideration rigid parity Cu versus Ag, as the value of silver is usually overestimated, and moreover, price fluctuations of these both metals are not mutually correlated.

This article presents the results of the research in the area of the possibilities of the utillisation of the natural zeolite from the locality Nifoy Hrabovec at reduction of combustion engines toxical gases. The combustion engines produce a lotoftoxical emissions. There is an increased interest to utilize zeolites in the partial reduction of CO, NOx and hydrocarbons in the combustion products in the world. The article contains the results of the measurements obtained by testing of the filter-sorption machinery with natural and modify zeolite. The influence of the chemical treatment on the sorptional and catalytical possibilities of natural zeolite was acknowledge with experiments.

This work describes the characterization of red mud - a waste generated by the Bayer process in the aluminium industry- which causes environmental problems. Residue of the alumina leaching from bauxite was analyzed for mineral compositions of the mineral ore and its residue for chemical composition, density, and grain-size composition. The residue was calcinated and finally tested as a pigment.for use in the building material industry. The test blocks were tested on the compressive strength.

KGHM P.M. S.A. is the example of multi-plant enterprise, where the whole copper production process, from extracting the ore to electrolytic copper production, takes part in one company. In the article, the model describing the operating of company, taking into consideration characteristic ofores' selectivity, total drawn-costs ofmining, processing, and metallurgical process and also the way of concentrates' distribution to specific copper smelters, was presented. Solution ofmodel enable us to maximize company's profit by steering ofthe quality ofconcentrates processing in processing plants, taking into consideration properties of ores and the level of metal prices on world metal exchanges. Chosen modeling results, on the basis of which we can assume that the optimal quality of concentrates, assuring the highest possible profit at given conditions, mainly depends on metal prices on world metal exchanges and in a minor degree on processing costs, are presented in the article.

A procedure used during creation of the economical - financial data bases for roadways with particular attention paid to probability distribution of driving costs has been described in the present study. Probability distributions ofthe driving costs can be used in stochastic simulation ofthe costs related to execution of roadways, which are designed for similar (comparable) geological - mining conditions, in order to assess the cost level, as well as to determine risk of its overrunning.

The coal mining sector uses vast resources and the efficient management of these resources is a major determinant of coal production efficiency. The paper outlines the underlying principles of an integrated information system supporting the decision-making in the field ofmanagement of the company's means of production. The conditions are defined that the system ought to satisfy, with the main focus on the supporting of mining operations planning as the distribution and location of the means of production.

The coal mining sector employs huge means of production and their good management determines the efficiency of coal production. The study outlines the concept of an integrated information system to support decision making in the area of resources management, formulating the conditions that such a system ought to satisfy

Due to the application of a determined depreciation procedure for fixed assets, an investor obtains a cash flow which influences the Net Cash Flow - NCF. This fact affects considerably the economic efficiency of an investment project under analysis. The article analyses the effect of the depreciation procedure upon fixed assets (linear method, degressive method as well as procedures applied in West Europe) upon cash flows, income tax encumbrance and efficiency ofan investment project. Then, there is also investigated a possibility ofself-financing of investments with the means coming from amortization deductions. A pertinent analysis was performed taking as example an investment project aimed at providing some mining flats with machines and devices.

The paper presents results of studies on posssibilities to use hydrocarbon (oil and gas) deposits as underground sites for storage of CO2 in Poland. The analyses covered 337 oil and gas deposits from the areas of the Polish Lowlands and Carpathian Mountains and their foreland to show that geological conditions prevailing over vast areas in Poland are favorable for CO2 storage in oil and gas deposits. However, only a few of these deposts are found to be suitable for this purpose when their exploitation ends. Two such oil deposits and IO gas deposits have been selected. Extractable original reserves of the deposits recognized as suitable for underground CO2 storage are estimated at about 47,116,400 tonnes of oil and 189,034 million cu. m of gas, which equals 46% and 56% of extractable original reserves of oil and gas, respectively. The distance between a source of CO2 emissions and a potential underground storage site is shown to be one of the criteria which will bear a decisive influence on the order in which the sites -are selected for use as underground CO2 storage sites.

CO2 sequestration via mineral carbonation is an ecologically safe way of its utilization. Owing to the processes occurring whilst mineral carbonation, CO2 is strongly bonded and stable thermodynamic products come into being, neutral to the environment, in the form of carbonates, that exist naturally in the environment. For CO2 bonding the following natural resources may be employed: olivine as well as mineral waste. The examples of CO2 sequestration by means of mineral carbonation with the application of varied mineral waste have been presented in the article.

In the recent years, there can be observed an interest in the problems of CO2 sequestration. The idea is for coalbed methane, produced following the injection of the CO2 into deep coal seams. This problem is closely connected with the sorption investigations of the system: coal - CO/CH4, the results of which may supply information essential for better recognition ofthe behaviour of gases in these processes. They are the bases for the description and modelling of processes in situ. In this work, the influence of the rank and hence also of the porous structure on the sorption properties and diffusion was studied by means of CO2 and CH4 sorption in two Polish coals.

The paper presents the results of investigations of sorption of water, methanol, and benzene vapours on samples of coal that significantly differ in the degree ofmetamorphism and the resulting content ofpolar groups as well as in their texture. The consideration of the structure of applied sorbates and possible types of sorbate - coal interactions, makes possible the explanation ofthe course ofsorption isotherms and the relations between them.

This article presents the problems ofenterprise taxation in selected countries ofthe world with special focus on enterprises in the mining sector. The article first discusses taxes and charges incurred by enterprises of all sectors divided into real and nominal taxes. It presents statistical data concerning the nominal rate of corporate income tax (CIT), real rate of interest due to taxes on profits, real rate of interest due to labour taxes and social insurance taxes as well as the real rate of interest due to other reasons in selected countries of Europe, Asia, both Americas, Africa and Australia. According to the aim of this article the selection relates to the countries where the mining sector is developed. The summary pertains to the problem of synchronization of corporate income tax rates in the European Union. Both arguments for and against such solution are presented in short. The second part is devoted to enterprises in the mining sector, as there are other financial charges, e.g. mining royalties, with different than taxes function. The article presents general ways and kinds of calculating mining royalties and manners for calculating them in selected countries of the world. It has been exemplified by the mining royalties calculation system in Estonia. As far as Poland is concerned, system ofmining royalties as well as mining royalties incurred by KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. were presented.