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International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Description

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications (IJET, eISSN 2300-1933, untill 2013 also print ISSN 2081-8491) is a periodical of Electronics and Telecommunications Committee of Polish Academy of Sciences and it is published by Warsaw Science Publishers of PAS. It continues tradition of the Electronics and Telecommunications Quarterly (ISSN 0867-6747) established in 1955 as the Rozprawy Elektrotechniczne. The IJET is a scientific periodical where papers present the results of original, theoretical, experimental and reviewed works. They consider widely recognized aspects of modern electronics, telecommunications, microelectronics, optoelectronics, radioelectronics and medical electronics.

The authors are outstanding scientists, well‐known experienced specialists as well as young researchers – mainly candidates for a doctor's degree. The papers present original approaches to problems, interesting research results, critical estimation of theories and methods, discuss current state or progress in a given branch of technology and describe development prospects. All the papers published in IJET are reviewed by international specialists who ensure that the publications are recognized as author's scientific output.

The printed periodical is distributed among all those who deal with electronics and telecommunications in national scientific centers as well as in numeral foreign institutions, and it is subscribed by many specialists and libraries. Its electronic version is available at http://ijet.pl.

The papers received are published within half a year if the cooperation between author and the editorial staff is efficient. The papers may be submitted to the editorial office by the journal web page http://ijet.pl.


Journal Metrics:

IMPACT FACTOR 2023: 0.5

CiteScore metrics from Scopus 2023: 1.5

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2023: 0.200

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2022: 0.364

Citation Indicator (JCI): 0.15

ISSN
eISSN 2300-1933 (since 2013), ISSN 2081-8491 (until 2012)
Publishers
Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications

Editor-in-Chief
Ryszard S. Romaniuk, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Poland

Managing Editor
Danuta Sobczak-Bartosiewicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Technical Editors
Maciej Linczuk, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Poland

Secretary in-Charge
Danuta Ojrzenska-Wojter, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Telecommunications, Poland

Administrative Assistant
Danuta Sobczak-Bartosiewicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland


Editorial Advisory Board
Prof. Victor-Valeriu Patriciu, Director Doctoral School of Electronics, Informatics and Communications for Defense and Security, Military Technical Academy Bucharest, Romania, Romania

Prof. Bart Scheers, Royal Military Academy, Belgium

Dr. Eli Winjum, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Norway

Wladyslaw Skarbek, Warsaw University of Technology, IRE, Poland

Christian Napoli, University of Catania, Italy

Rosario Giunta, University of Catania, Italy

Christopher Chiu, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Prof. Emiliano Tramontana, University of Catania, Italy

Prof Robin Braun, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Dr David Davis, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

dr Brian Culshaw, University of Strathclyde, UK, United Kingdom

Grzegorz Chmaj, University of Nevada, United States

Giuseppe Pappalardo, University of Catania, Italy

Michael Affenzeller, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria

Prof. Stavros Hatzopoulos, Laboratory of Hearing Science Audiology Dept., University of Ferrara, Italy, Italy

Prof Nikita M Ryskin, Saratov State University, Russian Federation

Prof. Adam Wolisz, Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Telecommunication Networks

Prof. Edmundo Monteiro, Departamento de Engenharia Informatica Universidade de Coimbra Portugal, Portugal

Prof. Zoubir Mammeri, IRIT, Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 FRANCE, France

Dr Paul D Polishuk, IGI, Boston, MA, USA

Giuseppe Macchiarella, Politecnico di Milano,Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Italy

Prof. Bernd Steinbach, Bergakademie Freiberg Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik Institut, Germany

Jan Szmidt, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Zenon Chaczko, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Józef Modelski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Wiesław Woliński, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Ryszard Klempous, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland

Radomir Stanković, University of Niš, Serbia

Javier Poncela, University of Malaga, Spain

Marek Turowski, CFD Research Corporation, United States

Dawid Zydek, NV Energy, United States

Wojciech Szpankowski, Purdue University, United States

Jacek Żurada, University of Louisville, United States

Tadeusz Luba, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Stefan Hahn, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Gilbert De Mey, Ghent University, Belgium

Svetlana Yanushkevich, University of Calgary, Canada

Viktor Krozer, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

Adam Morawiec, European Electronic Chips & Systems Design Initiative, France

Herman Rohling, Technical University of Hamburg, Germany

Franco Davoli, University of Genowa, Italy

Michał Mrozowski, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland

Włodzimierz Janke, Koszalin University of Technology, Poland</

Principal Contact
Ryszard S. Romaniuk
Professor
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, room 217, Nowowiejska 15/19, Warsaw 00-665, Poland
Phone: +48222345110
Fax: +48228252300
Email: ryszard.romaniuk@pw.edu.pl

Support Contact
Danuta Bartosiewicz
Email: danuta.bartosiewicz@pw.edu.pl

 

 

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.


The journal content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


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Content

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1

1 Light Weight Clustered Trust Sensing Mechanism for Internet of Things Network
Rajendra Prasad M , Krishna Reddy D
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 5-12 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139841
Keywords: Internet of Things trust sensing clustering mobility packet forwarding factor malicious detection ratepacket delivery ratio
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Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) is the new research paradigm which has gained a great significance due to its widespread applicability in diverse fields. Due to the open nature of communication and control, the IoT network is more susceptible to several security threats. Hence the IoT network requires a trust aware mechanism which can identify and isolate the malicious nodes. Trust Sensing has been playing a significant role in dealing with security issue in IoT. A novel a Light Weight Clustered Trust Sensing (LWCTS) model is developed which ensures a secured and qualitative data transmission in the IoT network. Simulation experiments are conducted over the proposed model and the performance is compared with existing models. The obtained results prove the effectiveness when compared with existing approaches.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rajendra Prasad M
1
Krishna Reddy D
2
  1. Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, India
  2. Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, India
2 Non-Invasive Hemoglobin Monitoring Device using K-Nearest Neighbor and Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation Algorithms
R. Munadi , S. Sussi , N. Fitriyanti , D.N. Ramadan
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 13-18 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139842
Keywords: invasive non-invasive k-nearest neighbors Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation
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Abstract

The invasive method of medically checking hemoglobin level in human body by taking the blood sample of the patient requiring a long time and injuring the patient is seen impractical. A non-invasive method of measuring hemoglobin levels, therefore, is made by applying the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm and the Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation (ANN-BP) algorithm with the Internet of Thingsbased HTTP protocol to achieve the high accuracy and the low endto- end delay. Based on tests conducted on a Noninvasive Hemoglobin measuring device connected to Cloud Things Speak, the prediction process using algorithm by means of Python programming based on Android application could work well. The result of this study showed that the accuracy of the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm was 94.01%; higher than that of the Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation algorithm by 92.45%. Meanwhile, the end-to-end delay was at 6.09 seconds when using the KNN algorithm and at 6.84 seconds when using Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation Algorithm.
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Authors and Affiliations

R. Munadi
1
S. Sussi
1
N. Fitriyanti
2
D.N. Ramadan
3
  1. Department Telecomunication Engineering, School of Electric Engineering, Telkom University, Indonesia
  2. Department Physics Engineering, School of Electric Engineering, Telkom University, Indonesia
  3. School of Applied Science, Telkom University, Indonesia
3 Analysis of a novel FPGA-based system for filtering audio signals using a finite impulse response filters
Adrian Lipowski , Paweł Majewski , Sławomir Pluta
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 19-26 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139843
Keywords: audio filtering FIR filter FPGA signal processing
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Abstract

In this article, an analysis of an innovative system for filtering signals in the audible range (16 Hz - 20 kHz) on programmable logic devices using a filters with a finite impulse response, is presented. Mentioned system was neat combination of software and hardware platform, where in the program layer a multiple programming languages including VHDL, JavaScript, Matlab or HTML were used to create completely useful application. To determine the coefficients of polynomial filters the Matlab Filter Design & Analysis Tool was used. Thanks to the developed graphic layer, a user-friendly interface was created, which allows easily transfer the required coefficients from the computer to the executive system. The practical implementation made on the FPGA platform, specifically on the Altera DE2- 115 development kit with the FPGA Cyclone IV, was compared with simulation realization of Matlab FIR filters. The performed research confirm the effectiveness of filtration in real time with up to 128th order of the filter for both audio channels simultaneously in FPGA-based system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adrian Lipowski
1
Paweł Majewski
1
Sławomir Pluta
1
  1. Opole University Technology, Opole, Poland
4 High-Rate Permutation Coding with Unequal Error Protection
Kehinde Ogunyanda , Theo G. Swart , Opeyemi O. Ogunyanda
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 27-33 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139844
Keywords: Channel coding High-rate codes Permutationcodes Power Line Communications Unequal error protection
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Abstract

Channel coding provides numerous advantages to digital communications. One of such advantages is error correcting capabilities. This, however, comes at the expense of coding rate, which is a function of the codebook’s cardinality |C| or number of coded information bits and the codeword length M. In order to achieve high coding rate, we hereby report a channel coding approach that is capable of error correction under power line communications (PLC) channel conditions, with permutation coding as the coding scheme of choice. The approach adopts the technique of unequal error correction for binary codes, but with the exception that non-binary permutation codes are employed here. As such, certain parts of the information bits are coded with permutation symbols, while transmitting other parts uncoded. Comparisons with other conventional permutation codes are presented, with the proposed scheme exhibiting a relatively competitive performance in terms of symbol error rate.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kehinde Ogunyanda
1
Theo G. Swart
1
Opeyemi O. Ogunyanda
1
  1. Center for Telecommunications, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
5 A Novel Compact Ultra-Wideband Planar Inverted-L Antenna For Wireless Application
Iman Ben Issa , Mohamed Essaaidi
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 35-39 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139845
Keywords: compact planar inverted-L antenna ultra-wideband wireless applications
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Abstract

A novel compact Ultra-Wide-Band Planar Inverted- L antenna is presented and investigated in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a square planar radiating element with a U-shaped slot. The radiating element is supported by a shorting wall, and fed by a single 50 Ohms characteristic impedance microstripe line, printed on the top of the FR-4 substrate. The ground plane of the antenna is printed on the other side of the substrate. The entire antenna occupies only a small volume of 20mm × 35mm × 4mm, and is capable of operating from 4.2GHz to 8.6GHz (68.75%) and offers a maximum gain of 5.24dB. Therefore, it is suitable for UWB systems and other wireless and mobile technologies and, thus, can be integrated into smartwatch, mobile phones, tablets and laptops. The design of this antenna was carried out using 3D software such as CST studio and Ansoft HFSS to compare and validate the results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iman Ben Issa
1
Mohamed Essaaidi
2
  1. Department of Physics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Faculty of Science, Tetuan, Morocco
  2. High National School for Computer Scienceand Systems Analysis- Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
6 Design of a Dual-Polarization Dual-Wideband Planar Antenna
A’isya Nur Aulia Yusuf , Fitri Yuli Zulkifli
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 41-46 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139846
Keywords: planar antenna dual wideband dual polarization
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Abstract

Wireless communication is a fundamental requirement because of its low cost, high flexibility and convenience, continuing improvements in speed and connectivity, and accessibility in remote areas. One example is very small aperture terminal (VSAT) communication. A VSAT is a two-way satellite ground station operating at C-band and Ku-band frequencies, with linear and circular polarization in the C band and linear polarization in the Ku band. For the data transmitted by a satellite to be utilized by a user, the antenna on the user side must have dual-wideband and dual-polarization characteristics. In this study, a dual-polarization planar dual-wideband antenna with dimensions of 30 x 39 x 1.52 mm3 was designed using a dual-port approach. The introduction of a slot and perturbation on the patch side results in the dual-wideband characteristics of the antenna. The introduction of slots into the antenna ground results in circular polarization. The proposed antenna has resonant frequencies of 3 - 15 GHz on port 1 and 3.31 – 7.79 GHz and 9.05 – 15 GHz on port 2, with circular polarization characteristics on port 1 and linear polarization characteristics on port 2. On port 1, the gains at frequencies of 4.2 GHz is 3.93 dB, while on port 2, the gains at frequencies of 3.9 GHz is 0.51 dB.
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Authors and Affiliations

A’isya Nur Aulia Yusuf
1
Fitri Yuli Zulkifli
1
  1. Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
7 E-shaped Aperture Coupled Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for High Speed Downlink Applications in Small Satellites
Kajol Chandra Paul , Anis Ahmed
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 47-56 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139847
Keywords: aperture coupled circular polarization corporate feed microstrip patch array small satellite
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Abstract

For high speed downlinking of payload data from small satellites, a new 4×4 aperture coupled microstrip patch array antenna has been presented. The antenna is designed for the Ku band and a peak gain of 18.0 dBi is achieved within the impedance bandwidth from 11.75 GHz to 12.75 GHz. Wide bandwidth is achieved as the patch elements are excited through E-shaped slots having asymmetric side lengths and widths. Each square patch element of the array with truncated corners and appropriately placed slots generates right hand circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation with very high crosspolarization discrimination. A corporate feed network consisting of T-junctions and quarter-wave impedance transformers is developed to feed the array elements from a single coaxial port of 50 Ω. To improve the radiation from the patches and waveguiding in the feed network, two types of Rogers substrates with different dielectric constant and thickness are considered. Our proposed microstrip patch array antenna of size 7.8 cm × 6.4 cm × 0.3 cm can perform efficiently with a downlink data rate as high as 4.6 Gbps for small satellites.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kajol Chandra Paul
1
Anis Ahmed
2
  1. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  2. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
8 Analysis of the Possibility of Using Selected Hash Functions Submitted for the SHA-3 Competition in the SDEx Encryption Method
Artur Hłobaż
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 57-62 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139848
Keywords: secure communication data encryption data security secure transmission secure data exchange method SDEx method end-to-end data security
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Abstract

The paper presents analysis of the possibility of using selected hash functions submitted for the SHA-3 competition in the SDEx encryption method. The group of these functions will include the finalists of the SHA-3 competition, i.e. BLAKE, Grøstl, JH, Keccak, Skein. The aim of the analysis is to develop more secure and faster cryptographic algorithm compared to the current version of the SDEx method with SHA- 512 and the AES algorithm. When considering the speed of algorithms, mainly the software implementation will be taken into account, as it is the most commonly used.
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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Hłobaż
1
  1. Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, Poland
9 Academic Lecturers Towards the Students' Examining. Similarities and Differences of Stationary and Remote Exams in the Pandemic Era
Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk , Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 63-68 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139849
Keywords: crisis remote education higher education distance teaching distance learning emergency e-learning students lecturers exams assessment COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

The article concerns the opinion on stationary and remote examinations carried out during a pandemic, perceived from the perspective of examiners. The aim of the study was to find out about the perspective of academic teachers on remote examination at The Maria Grzegorzewska University and to compare it with the traditional, stationary exams. The subject of the research were, inter alia, the forms of checking knowledge and skills used by lecturers, the motivations driving their choice, problems arising during the exams, as well as the way of taking into account the special needs of the examinees. The research used the method of diagnostic survey. The obtained results indicate that, according to the lecturers, the students' independence during remote exams is smaller and the intensity of using unauthorized help by them is greater. Remote exams generate more problems - technical and related to the dishonesty of students. Lecturers hardly recognize and take into account the special educational needs of students during remote exams.
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Authors and Affiliations

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk
1
Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
1
  1. The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Poland
10 Remote and Stationary Examinations in the Opinion of Students
Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk , Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 69-75 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139850
Keywords: crisis remote education higher education distance teaching distance learning emergency e-learning students exams assessment COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract

The article concerns the opinion on stationary and remote examinations carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, perceived from the perspective of the assessed students. The study aimed to find out about the students' perspective on remote final and midterm exams at The Maria Grzegorzewska University and to attempt to compare it with the traditional examination. The subject of the research was, among others, the forms of checking knowledge and skills, problems arising during the exams, as well as the way of taking into account the special needs of the examtakers. The students' opinions on the above-mentioned issues and their preferences regarding the examination situation were taken into account. The research used the method of diagnostic survey. The obtained results indicate that students during remote exams declare a higher level of stress related to potential technical problems, and in the case of stationary examinations the problem is chaos, noise and distraction. Regardless of the form of the exam, a similar percentage of students declare that they do not cheat - 73.53% during full-time exams, 68.49% pass fair during remote exams. The most common form of cheating during remote examinations is the use of previously prepared notes (21.85%), and 2.52% use the help of colleagues.
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Authors and Affiliations

Miłosz Wawrzyniec Romaniuk
1
Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba
1
  1. The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Poland
11 Design of Grover’s Algorithm over 2, 3 and 4-Qubit Systems in Quantum Programming Studio
Diana Jingle , Shylu Sam , Mano Paul , Ananth Jude , Daniel Selvaraj
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 77-82 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139851
Keywords: quantum search Oracle Qubit Hadamard transform phase shift
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Abstract

In this paper, we design and analyse the Circuit for Grover’s Quantum Search Algorithm on 2, 3 and 4-qubit systems, in terms of number of gates, representation of state vectors and measurement probability for the state vectors. We designed, examined and simulated the quantum circuit on IBM Q platform using Quantum Programming Studio. We present the theoretical implementation of the search algorithm on different qubit systems. We observe that our circuit design for 2 and 4-qubit systems are precise and do not introduce any error while experiencing a small error to our design of 3-qubit quantum system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Diana Jingle
1
Shylu Sam
2
Mano Paul
3
Ananth Jude
4
Daniel Selvaraj
4
  1. Christ University, Bangalore, India
  2. Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
  3. Alliance University, Bangalore, India
  4. Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India
12 Optimal Method for Polarization Selection of Stationary Objects Against the Background of the Earth’s Surface
Valerii Volosyuk , Simeon Zhyla , Vladimir Pavlikov , Nikolay Ruzhentsev , Eduard Tserne , Anatoliy Popov , Oleksandr Shmatko , Kostiantyn Dergachov , Olena Havrylenko , Ivan Ostroumov , Nataliia Kuzmenko , Olga Sushchenko , Yuliya Averyanova , Maksym Zaliskyi , Oleksandr Solomentsev , Borys Kuznetsov , Tatyana Nikitina
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 83-89 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139852
Keywords: polarimetric radar polarization selection powerlines detection multichannel processing maximum likelihood method
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Abstract

Within the maximum likelihood method an optimal algorithm for polarization target selection against the background of interfering signal reflected from the earth’s surface is synthesized. The algorithm contains joint operations of spectral interference rejection and their polarization compensation by means of certain combinations of interchannel subtraction of signals of different polarizations. The physical features of the elements of the polarization scattering matrix are investigated for the technical implementation of the synthesized algorithm.
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Authors and Affiliations

Valerii Volosyuk
1
Simeon Zhyla
1
Vladimir Pavlikov
1
Nikolay Ruzhentsev
1
Eduard Tserne
1
Anatoliy Popov
2
Oleksandr Shmatko
3
Kostiantyn Dergachov
4
Olena Havrylenko
4
Ivan Ostroumov
5
Nataliia Kuzmenko
6
Olga Sushchenko
6
Yuliya Averyanova
6
Maksym Zaliskyi
7
Oleksandr Solomentsev
7
Borys Kuznetsov
8
Tatyana Nikitina
9
  1. Department of Aerospace Radio-electronic Systems, National Aerospace University H.E. Zhukovsky ”Kharkiv Aviation Institute”, Ukraine
  2. Department of Radio-Electronic and Biomedical Computerized Means and Technologies, National Aerospace University H.E. Zhukovsky ”Kharkiv Aviation Institute”, Ukraine
  3. Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Optics, Andlaser Technologies, National Aerospace University H.E. Zhukovsky ”Kharkiv Aviation Institute”, Ukraine
  4. Aircraft Control Systems Department, National Aerospace University H.E. Zhukovsky ”Kharkiv Aviation Institute”, Ukraine
  5. Air Navigation Systems Department, National Aviation University, Ukraine
  6. Air Navigation Systems Department National Aviation University, Ukraine
  7. Department of Telecommunication and Radioelectronic Systems, National Aviation University, Ukraine
  8. Magnetic Field Control Problems Department, State Institution “Institute of Technical Problems of Magnetism of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, Ukraine
  9. Technical Disciplines Department, Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, Ukraine
13 Generation of Large-area Arrays of Aperiodic Functional Micro/nano Structures Using Phase Shift Interferometry
Pearly Princess. J , A. Alfred Kirubaraj , S. Christina Sophia , S. Senith , S.R. Jino Ramson
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 91-96 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139853
Keywords: laser interference lithography (LIL) pattern structures periodic and aperiodic pattern phase shift interferometry (PSI)
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Abstract

Phase shift interferometry (PSI) derived from interference technique as greater surface characterization technique based on the interference information recorded during a controlled phase shift. This research shows the development of micro/nano structures using phase shift interferometry. (PSI) is the process of developing the complex pattern structure using variable phase angle between two or more beams aligned to obtain functional aperiodic arrays. We have designed and modelled the PSI and simulated through MATLAB in 2D and 3D pattern structures. The PSI was performed in two process analysis. First, without PSI referring normal interference technique. Second, with PSI referring position of laser beams in quadrant-based alignment. The obtained results show the minimum feature structure was measured as 12 nm. This feature size developed under phase shift interferometry (PSI) produces minimum feature size compared to the existing interferometry technique. This study gives the promising increased fabrication area could develop large area arrays structures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Pearly Princess. J
1
A. Alfred Kirubaraj
1
S. Christina Sophia
1
S. Senith
1
S.R. Jino Ramson
2
  1. Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, India
  2. VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, India
14 Design Multitasking Device to Protect and Control of Electrical Home Appliances
Jabbar Shatti Jahlool
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 97-102 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139854
Keywords: protection system arduino board control system national grid electrical appliances automatic phase selector
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Abstract

In this research, a multi-tasking protection and control device has been designed and implemented has the ability to control and manage automatically the supply of electrical power from various sources to electric appliances connected to the light loading line (3L). At the same time, providing comprehensive protection for the appliances by delaying the supply of power for short period of time during the moment of conversion from one source to other in order to protect it from damage. The mechanism working of the proposed device depends on detecting the problem, diagnosing it and choosing the appropriate solution for it, and then organizing the supply from the appropriate source, and as a result ensure power supply to home appliances.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jabbar Shatti Jahlool
1
  1. Dijlah University College, Computer Technique's Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq
15 Design Study on Electron Energy Spread Effect on Performance of Linac Irradiation Facility with the Aid of Electron Energy Spectrum Online Analyzer
S. Bułka , Z. Zimek
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 103-108 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139855
Keywords: radiation sterilization electron accelerator electron energy depth dose distribution computer modelling
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Abstract

Ongoing energy measurement is one of the parameters such as: electron beam current, transporter speed, or scanning width, that must be recorded according to the conditions imposed in the accelerator validation procedure. Described measurement method based on the use of a secondary electron collecting electrode has been tested at the electron beam linear accelerator installation typically used for radiation sterilization. Data processing and presentation of the electron beam characteristics is based on the information obtained via dedicated pulse acquisition interface. The energy spectra parameters provide data for modeling and calculation of dose distribution for irradiation process optimization and also knowledge of accelerator RF alignment in case of service.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Bułka
1
Z. Zimek
1
  1. Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Centre of Radiation Chemistry Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
16 Optimizing the Bit-flipping Method for Decoding Low-density Parity-check Codes in Wireless Networks by Using the Artificial Spider Algorithm
Ali Jasim Ghaffoori , Wameedh Riyadh Abdul-Adheem
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 109-114 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139857
Keywords: a low-density parity-check (LDPC) hard-decision Bit-Flipping (BF) particle swarm optimization (PSO) artificial spider algorithm (ASA)
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Abstract

In this paper, the performance of Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes is improved, which leads to reduce the complexity of hard-decision Bit-Flipping (BF) decoding by utilizing the Artificial Spider Algorithm (ASA). The ASA is used to solve the optimization problem of decoding thresholds. Two decoding thresholds are used to flip multiple bits in each round of iteration to reduce the probability of errors and accelerate decoding convergence speed while improving decoding performance. These errors occur every time the bits are flipped. Then, the BF algorithm with a low-complexity optimizer only requires real number operations before iteration and logical operations in each iteration. The ASA is better than the optimized decoding scheme that uses the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed scheme can improve the performance of wireless network applications with good proficiency and results. Simulation results show that the ASAbased algorithm for solving highly nonlinear unconstrained problems exhibits fast decoding convergence speed and excellent decoding performance. Thus, it is suitable for applications in broadband wireless networks.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ali Jasim Ghaffoori
1
Wameedh Riyadh Abdul-Adheem
1
  1. Department of Electrical Power Techniques Engineering, AL_Ma’moon University College, Baghdad, Iraq
17 Another Proof of Ambiguity of the Formula Describing Aliasing and Folding Effects in Spectrum of Sampled Signal
Andrzej Borys
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 115-122 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139858
Keywords: signal sampling occurrence of spectrum aliasing and folding modelling of non-ideal signal sampling operation Vetterli’s model
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Abstract

In this paper, a new proof of ambiguity of the formula describing the aliasing and folding effects in spectra of sampled signals is presented. It uses the model of non-ideal sampling operation published by Vetterli et al. Here, their model is modified and its black-box equivalent form is achieved. It is shown that this modified model delivers the same output sequences but of different spectral properties. Finally, a remark on two possible understandings of the operation of non-ideal sampling is enclosed as well as fundamental errors that are made in perception and description of sampled signals are considered.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Borys
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Marine Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
18 Urukul – Open-source Frequency Synthesizer Module for Quantum Physics
Grzegorz Kasprowicz , Thomas Harty , Sébastien Bourdeauducq , Robert Jördens , David Allcock , David Nadlinger , Joseph W. Britton , Ana Sotirova , Dorota Nowicka
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 123-128 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139859
Keywords: frequency synthesizer FPGA ion trap Sinara quantum instrumentation cold atoms experiments
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Abstract

We describe Urukul, a frequency synthesizer based on direct digital synthesis (DDS), optimized for wave generate control in atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics experiments. The Urukul module is a part of the Sinara family of modular, open-source hardware designed for the ARTIQ quantum operating system. The Urukul has 4-channel, sub-Hz frequency resolution, controlled phase steps and accurate output amplitude control. The module is available in two population variants. This paper presents Urukul module construction and obtained characteristics.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Kasprowicz
1
Thomas Harty
2
Sébastien Bourdeauducq
3
Robert Jördens
4
David Allcock
5
David Nadlinger
2
Joseph W. Britton
6 7
Ana Sotirova
2
Dorota Nowicka
1
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
  2. Oxford University, UK
  3. M-Labs, Hong Kong
  4. QUARTIQ, Germany
  5. Univeristy of Oregon, US
  6. University of Maryland, US
  7. Army Research Lab, US
19 New Construction Methods and Performance Analysis of WINDMI Chaotic System
Thair A. Salih
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 129-136 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139860
Keywords: chaotic signal FPAA bifurcation psd correlation
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Abstract

Chaos is an active topic of study in the field of secure communication systems that have garnered much consideration in recent years because of excessive sensitivity to a simple change in its initial conditions. In this paper, the essential features of the suggested WINDMI chaotic system like the phase portraits of the attractors, bifurcation, PSD, correlation, and balance property of the windmi chaotic system have been depicted in detail through MATLAB tools simulations and circuital application. The bifurcation examination detects a wealthy and attractive characteristic of the proposed windmi chaotic oscillator such as periodical multiple bifurcations, has two stable states chaotic demeanor, periodical windows, and recapture bifurcations. In this paper, after exploring the dynamic features of the windmi chaos paradigm, a practical chaotic circuit is implemented on the fpaa chip. Eventually, the circuit practical results of the windmi chaotic attractors present similarities with numerical simulations. The importance of the work is reflected in the use of field programmable analog array in the implementation of the windmi oscillator, and the possibility of varying the initial condition during the operation of the system. An unlimited number of signals can be generated, which enables it to be used as an oscillator utilized in many transceiver systems, that utilized an unlimited number of signals.
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Authors and Affiliations

Thair A. Salih
1
  1. Northern Technical University, Iraq
20 Characterization of Propagation Models in Wireless Communications for 4G Network
Nawal Al-Aamri , Zia Nadir , Hassan Al-Lawati , Mohammed Bait Suwailam
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 137-143 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139861
Keywords: pathloss models prediction 4G RMSE
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Abstract

Estimating the pathloss and signal strength of the transmitted signal at specific distances is one of the main objectives of network designers. This paper aims to provide generalized pathloss models appropriate for urban areas in Muscat the capital city of the Sultanate of Oman environment. The research includes studying different models of pathloss for the 4G cellular network at Muttrah Business District (MBD) at Muscat. Different models (Free Space model, Okumura Hata, Extended Sakagami, Cost231 Hata, ECC-33 Hata – Okumura extended, Ericsson, Egli, and SUI) are used with 800MHz. The results of the prediction models are compared with real measured data by calculating RMSE. The generalized models are created by modified original models to get accepted RMSE values. Different cells at MBD are tested by modified models. The RMSE values are then calculated for verification purposes. To validate the modified pathloss models of 4G, they are also applied at different cells in a different city in the capital. It has approximately the same environment as MBD. The modified pathloss models provided accepted predictions in new locations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nawal Al-Aamri
1
Zia Nadir
1
Hassan Al-Lawati
1
Mohammed Bait Suwailam
1
  1. ECE Dept. at College of Engineering at SQU, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
21 Lightweight Security Mechanism to Mitigate Active Attacks in a Mobile Ad-hoc Network
Uthumansa Ahamed , Shantha Fernando
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 145-152 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139862
Keywords: Blackhole lightweight mechanism security simulation
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Abstract

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a type of Ad hoc network. General properties of MANET open the network to various security threats. Network layer-based Active attacks are widespread and destructive. Available security solutions contain complex calculations. Therefore, the objective of this research is to propose a lightweight security mechanism to enhance the security of data communications between source and destination nodes in a MANET from network layer-based active attack. Blackhole is used as a network layer-based Active attack. The network performance is evaluated using Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End-to-End Delay (AEED), Throughput, and Simulation Processing Time at Intermediate Nodes (SPTIN). The controller network was used to compare the performance of each network. During the experiment due to the impact of the blackhole attack, compared to the controller network, the PDR was found to be 0.28%, AEED was infinity and Throughput was 0.33%. The performance of the proposed security mechanism was compared with that of the controller network, and the values of PDR, AEED, Throughput, and SPTIN were found to be 98.0825%, 100.9346%, 99.9988%, and 96.5660%, respectively. The data packet delivery ratio was 100.00% compared to that of the controller network. The network that was affected by a blackhole attack showed a higher amount of ADDR than the controller network and the lowest amount of PDR. The network that was affected by the blackhole showed underperformance compared to the controller network. The proposed security mechanism performs well in PDR, AEED, and Throughput compared to the controller network. The AEED and SPTIN values prove that the proposed solution is free from complex calculations. The scope of the solution can be expanded into a lightweight Intruder Detection System to handle different types of security attacks in MANETs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Uthumansa Ahamed
1
Shantha Fernando
2
  1. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
  2. University of Moratuwa, Colombo, Sri Lanka
22 Fading Channel Prediction for 5G and 6G Mobile Communication Systems
Maciej Soszka
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 153-160 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139863
Keywords: 5G 6G channel prediction channel state information sub-6 GHz millimetre waves neural network artificial inteligence narrow-band wide-band ultra-wide-band
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Abstract

Nowadays, there is a trend to employ adaptive solutions in mobile communication. The adaptive transmission systems seem to answer the need for highly reliable communication that serves high data rates. For efficient adaptive transmission, the future Channel State Information (CSI) has to be known. The various prediction methods can be applied to estimate the future CSI. However, each method has its bottlenecks. The task is even more challenging while considering the future 5G/6G communication where the employment of sub-6 GHz and millimetre waves (mmWaves) in narrow-band, wide-band and ultra-wide-band transmission is considered. Thus, author describes the differences between sub-6 GHz/mmWave and narrow-band/wide-band/ultrawide- band channel prediction, provide a comprehensive overview of available prediction methods, discuss its performance and analyse the opportunity to use them in sub-6 GHz and mmWave systems. We select Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) as the most promising technique for future CSI prediction and propose optimising two of its parameters - the number of input features, which was not yet considered as an opportunity to improve the performance of CSI prediction, and the number of hidden layers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Soszka
1
  1. Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
23 Effect of Time-domain Windowing on Isolated Speech Recognition System Performance
Ananthakrishna Thalengala , H. Anitha , T. Girisha
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 161-166 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139856
Keywords: Hidden Markov model (HMM) Isolated speech recognition (ISR) system Kannada language Mono-phone model Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC)
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Abstract

Speech recognition system extract the textual data from the speech signal. The research in speech recognition domain is challenging due to the large variabilities involved with the speech signal. Variety of signal processing and machine learning techniques have been explored to achieve better recognition accuracy. Speech is highly non-stationary in nature and therefore analysis is carried out by considering short time-domain window or frame. In the speech recognition task, cepstral (Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC)) features are commonly used and are extracted for short time-frame. The effectiveness of features depend upon duration of the time-window chosen. The present study is aimed at investigation of optimal time-window duration for extraction of cepstral features in the context of speech recognition task. A speaker independent speech recognition system for the Kannada language has been considered for the analysis. In the current work, speech utterances of Kannada news corpus recorded from different speakers have been used to create speech database. The hidden Markov tool kit (HTK) has been used to implement the speech recognition system. The MFCC along with their first and second derivative coefficients are considered as feature vectors. Pronunciation dictionary required for the study has been built manually for mono-phone system. Experiments have been carried out and results have been analyzed for different time-window lengths. The overlapping Hamming window has been considered in this study. The best average word recognition accuracy of 61.58% has been obtained for a window length of 110 msec duration. This recognition accuracy is comparable with the similar work found in literature. The experiments have shown that best word recognition performance can be achieved by tuning the window length to its optimum value.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ananthakrishna Thalengala
1
H. Anitha
1
T. Girisha
1
  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka State, India
24 Integration of Remote Sensing Data in a Cloud
Yassine Sabri , Fadoua Bahja , Henk Pet
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 167-172 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139864
Keywords: remote sensing Data integration cloud computing Big Data
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Abstract

With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, our ability to obtain remote sensing data has been improved to an unprecedented level. We have entered an era of big data. Remote sensing data clear showing the characteristics of Big Data such as hyper spectral, high spatial resolution, and high time resolution, thus, resulting in a significant increase in the volume, variety, velocity and veracity of data.This paper proposes a feature supporting, salable, and efficient data cube for timeseries analysis application, and used the spatial feature data and remote sensing data for comparative study of the water cover and vegetation change. In this system, the feature data cube building and distributed executor engine are critical in supporting large spatiotemporal RS data analysis with spatial features. The feature translation ensures that the geographic object can be combined with satellite data to build a feature data cube for analysis. Constructing a distributed executed engine based on dask ensures the efficient analysis of large-scale RS data. This work could provide a convenient and efficient multidimensional data services for many remote sens-ing applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yassine Sabri
1
Fadoua Bahja
1
Henk Pet
2
  1. Laboratory of Innovation in Management and Engineering for Enterprise (LIMIE), ISGA Rabat, 27 Avenuel Oqba, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
  2. Terra Motion Limited, 11 Ingenuity Centre, Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK

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