Applied sciences

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Content

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 4

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Abstract

This research is developing the analog value from the NPK sensor to digital using the YL 38 comparator module to obtain detailed Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) values according to the NPK sensor datasheet. This system is a network based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and LoRa. The IoT and LoRa features installed on this device, meanwhile the measurement and fertilization data can be monitored easily through an Android application. This research using a frequency of 922.4 Mhz, 125 kHz bandwidth, 10 spreading factors, and a code rate of 5. The Network Quality of Services testing i.e. delay, packet loss, SNR, and RSSI. The QoS was measured at 6 locations. different, 1 location 0 km, 4 locations 1 km, 1 location 2.5 km from BTS LoRa. It was concluded that the parameters used are by the conditions and distances in the data collection. It is proven that all the standards in each parameter are met. In testing the LoRa network it can be concluded that the farther the distance from the LoRa BTS the data transmission quality is getting worse.
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Authors and Affiliations

Doan Perdana
1
Wahyu Rizal Panca Kusuma
1
Ibnu Alinursafa
2

  1. Telkom University, Indonesia
  2. PT Telkom Indonesia, Indonesia
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Abstract

The paper introduces the distributed framework for determining the shortest path of robots in the logistic applications, i.e. the warehouse with a swarm of robots cooperating in the Real- Time mode. The proposed solution uses the optimization routine to avoid the downtime and collisions between robots. The presented approach uses the reference model based on Dijkstra, Floyd- Warshall and Bellman-Ford algorithms, which search the path in the weighted undirected graph. Their application in the onboard robot’s computer requires the analysis of the time efficiency. Results of comparative simulations for the implemented algorithms are presented. For their evaluation the data sets reflecting actual processes were used. Outcomes of experiments have shown that the tested algorithms are applicable for the logistic purposes, however their ability to operate in the Real-Time requires the detailed analysis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Markowski
1
Piotr Bilski
2

  1. Lukasiewicz – Institute of Logistics and Warehousing, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

This paper presents low-cost, configurable PCI Express (PCIe) direct memory access (DMA) interface for implementation on Intel Cyclone V FPGAs. The DMA engine was designed to support DAQ tasks including pre-triggering acquisition for transient analysis and multichannel transmission. Performance of the interface has been evaluated on Terasic OVSK board (PCIe Gen2 x4). Target configuration of this interface is based on the Avalon-MM Hard IP for Cyclone V PCIe core and Jungo WinDriver x64 for Windows. A sample speed of 1200 MB/s has been reported for DMA writes to PCIe memory.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Mroczek
1

  1. Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

In this article, a hybrid circularly polarized Multiple- Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna for multi-band operation from 2.3 to 9.2 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 7 GHz is proposed and investigated experimentally. The designed MIMO antenna model has a compact size of 20mm×40mm×1.6mm on the FR-4 substrate. The microstrip feed of the proposed slot antenna consists of a tapered structure, and the radiating element consists of the inverted L- shaped slots, which were opened on both sides of the radiating elements to introduce notches at the sub-6 GHz frequencies. L-shaped stubs are also introduced on another side of the substrate in the common ground plane to attain high isolation between the radiating elements of the proposed antenna. In the operating band from 2.3 to 9.2 GHz, isolation of less than -20 dB is achieved by the proposed model. The performance of the circularly polarized MIMO antenna in terms of RHCP and LHCP radiation patterns, axial ratio, surface current distributions, isolation between the ports, diversity gain (DG), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), and peak gain are studied and presented in this work. The obtained characteristics of the proposed antenna make it suitable for sub-6- GHz frequency applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

S. Salma
1
Habibulla Khan
1
B.T.P. Madhav
1
D. Ram Sandeep
1
M. Suman
1

  1. Dept. of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, AP, India
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Abstract

RADAR plays a vital role in military applications since its origin in the 2nd world war. Recently it has been used in surface inception, health monitoring, infrastructure health monitoring, etc. In these applications, Ultra-wideband RADAR systems are more popular than traditional RADAR systems. Impulse RADAR is a special kind of ultra-wideband RADAR, which is mostly used for surface penetration, through-wall imaging, antimissile detection, anti-stealth technology, etc. because of its high resolution and low center frequency. Out of all these applications, impulse RADAR has been used intensively as a ground-penetrating RADAR for the detection of land mines, underlying pipelines, buried objects, etc. This report has attempted to provide the steps for designing the impulse ground penetrating RADAR (GPR) as well as provides the value of crucial parameters required in the design process of commercial GPR systems.
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Authors and Affiliations

Saket Kumar
1
Amit Kumar
2
ORCID: ORCID
Vikrant Singh
3
Abhishek Kumar Singh
4