Nauki Techniczne

Opto-Electronics Review

Zawartość

Opto-Electronics Review | 2026 | 34 | 1

Abstrakt

The article examines the impact of temperature on the main lighting parameters of selected high-power LED sources. In the first stage of the research, the actual value of thermal resistance Rthj-c was determined, thereby enabling the final junction temperature Tj of the tested LED sources to be determined. Then, using a laboratory setup with a 50 cm integrating sphere and a Peltier module, the research examined the effect of temperature on the luminous flux Φ, correlated colour temperature (CCT), colour rendering index (CRI), spectral distribution, and optical efficiency ηo for three selected LED sources from various manufacturers. The tests were conducted at three forward current values, IF = 350, 700, and 1050 mA, and four Peltier module temperatures, Tp = 25, 45, 65, and 85 °C. The obtained research results were analysed and conclusions were formulated.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Krzysztof Baran
1
ORCID: ORCID
Antoni Różowicz
2
ORCID: ORCID
Sebastian Różowicz
2
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Strączyński
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Power Electronics and Power Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, ul. Wincentego Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland

Abstrakt

The NiO-ZnO heterostructures were fabricated using a combination of physical vapour deposition and thermal oxidation techniques. Thin films of nickel and zinc were sequentially deposited onto non-conductive substrates and subsequently oxidised to form nanostructured p–n junctions. The influence of thermal oxidation parameters on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the resulting heterostructures was thoroughly investigated using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The heterostructures exhibited a strong UV absorption and a band gap of 3.29 eV. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated using an aqueous solution of methylene blue under UV irradiation. The NiO-ZnO films achieved a degradation efficiency of 93% after 540 min, confirming their potential for photocatalytic water treatment applications. These preliminary findings demonstrate that even thin-film configurations with limited catalyst mass can be promising in degrading organic pollutants.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Izabela Stępińska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Rymarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mirosław Kozłowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ryszard Diduszko
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Tele and Radio Research Institute, ul. Ratuszowa 11, 03-450 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland

Abstrakt

The growing interest in solar corona and heliospheric backscatter glow observations in the vacuum ultraviolet, along with technological advancements in the feasibility of vacuum ultraviolet optical components for such applications, underscores the need for improved metrological solutions. This work presents a detailed characterisation of a compact laser‑produced plasma vacuum ultraviolet source based on a double-stream gas-puff target, relevant in the metrology of optical elements for space applications. The measurements include the source spectrum, the number of photons, and the source size for targets produced using different gases. Such a source was used to test optical components of the Lyman-alpha space-based observation systems and remains available for future metrology applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of a laser-produced plasma vacuum ultraviolet source for characterising space-relevant optical components.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Martyna Wardzińska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Przemysław Wachulak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Bartnik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Fok
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Węgrzyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Henryk Fiedorowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Bzowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Strumik
2
ORCID: ORCID
Roman Wawrzaszek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Mądry
2

  1. Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Space Research Centre PAS (CBK PAN), ul. Bartycka 18A, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland

Abstrakt

This study investigates the capability of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based quantum bit (QUBIT) emulator to replicate the quantum superposition state with randomness evaluation serving as the primary verification method. The QUBIT device is built on the FPGA, an integrated circuit that is a massively parallel array of independent logic elements. Using two QUBIT devices, a simple random number generator is created and statistical tests are used to verify randomness. These tests provide a quantitative measure of randomness quality, reflecting the emulator effectiveness at mimicking quantum superposition. The results offer insights into the limitations and potential of using the emulator (QUBIT) as an alternative to a physical quantum system. Randomness of generated numbers (bit strings) was tested with the NIST Statistical Test Suite (SP 800-22), widely regarded as the standard for randomness evaluation. In total, 106 bits were generated and tested with different block lengths: 10 blocks of 105 bits and 100 blocks of 104 bits. The observed deviations indicate that while the emulator can serve as an educational tool, its statistical properties currently limit its applicability in cryptographic contexts.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Aleksander Mazur
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wawrzyniec Suleja
2
Jacek Długopolski 
3
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Sadowski
2
Marek Życzkowski
4
ORCID: ORCID
Samuel Henry
4
ORCID: ORCID
Szymon Fiderkiewicz
4
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Sobotka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Sonovero R&D, ul. Słoneczna 7, 72-100 Goleniów, Poland
  3. Faculty of Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  4. Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland

Abstrakt

This work explores the use of atomic layer deposited (ALD) ZnO thin films as functional and aesthetic layers in monocrystalline silicon solar cells. ZnO films of varying thickness were deposited on polished silicon wafers and finished solar cells producing distinct interference colours – gold, violet, and green – while enabling precise control over optical properties. Colorimetric analyses in RGB and CIE Lab colour spaces confirmed the tunability of the perceived colour with increasing ZnO thickness. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence verified crystalline quality and composition of the ZnO films, while spectroscopic reflectometry demonstrated thickness uniformity and growth rates consistent with ALD characteristics. The deposition of ZnO layers reduced the power conversion efficiency of the solar cells from ~ 15.2% to ~ 13.5%, highlighting a trade-off between aesthetics and photovoltaic performance. Nevertheless, the coloured ZnO coatings exhibited potential for integrating photovoltaic modules into architecturally sensitive environments where visual harmony is desired. The results underline the versatility of ALD technology in engineering both the optical and functional properties of solar cells through a controlled thin-film deposition.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marek Szindler
1
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena M. Szindler
2
ORCID: ORCID
Julia Popis
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Scientific and Didactic Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Material Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Towarowa 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Stanisława Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Abstrakt

Design and femtosecond laser fabrication of high-order fibre Bragg gratings with precisely controlled absolute wavelengths and spectral separation between higher-order resonances are presented. The line-by-line inscription technique ensures relatively high and similar reflection coefficients for neighbouring harmonics. A high-order fibre Bragg grating was fabricated to operate within the SCL-band, matching the spectral range of commercially available fibre optic interrogators. The gratings were experimentally verified as an easy-to-use sensor for accurate simultaneous strain and temperature discrimination. The proposed approach addresses key limitations in dual-parameter sensing through a single compact structure, flexible spectral design, and straightforward application and compatibility with existing interrogation systems.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tomasz Osuch
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Lena Potkańska
2
Alicja Anuszkiewicz
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mariusz Zdanowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National Institute of Telecommunications, ul. Szachowa 1, 04-894 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Institute of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland

Abstrakt

Free-space optics (FSO) is a promising technology for meeting the high bandwidth and data rate requirements of modern wireless communications. However, atmospheric instability, such as turbulence, significantly degrades the quality of the received signal. This challenge can be effectively mitigated by integrating wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. This research presents a simulation-based performance analysis of a quadrature amplitude modulation frequency-shift keying (QAM-FSK) dual-modulated, linearly polarised WDM-MIMO-FSO system under various atmospheric conditions, including haze, rain, and fog. The proposed system uses eight individual wavelength channels, each carrying 200 Gbps of QAM-FSK-modulated data, which are then transmitted via four FSO-MIMO links. This configuration achieves a high net data transmission rate of 6.4 Tbps. The simulation results show that under clear weather conditions, the system can achieve a remarkable link range of up to 113 km. Furthermore, across all eight wavelength channels and under various adverse atmospheric conditions, the proposed system demonstrates a superior Q-factor, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and low bit error rate (BER) when compared to prior works in the literature.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Seenivasan S
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karpagarajesh G
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi-630003, Tamil Nadu, India

Instrukcja dla autorów

Guide for Authors

https://www.editorialsystem.com/opelre/journal/for_authors/

OPTO-ELECTRONICS REVIEW is an open access journal. This involves the payment of an article publishing charge (APC) by the authors, their institution or funding body. We make the article freely available immediately upon publication on PAS Jornals platform (https://journals.pan.pl/opelre)

APC: 2000 PLN (500 EUR) - up to 8 pages of the journal format and mandatory over-length charges of 200 PLN (50 EUR) per page (see the above link with instructions for Authors for details)

Opto-Electronics Review was established in 1992 for the publication of scientific papers concerning optoelectronics and photonics materials, system and signal processing. This journal covers the whole field of theory, experimental verification, techniques and instrumentation and brings together, within one journal, contributions from a wide range of disciplines. Papers covering novel topics extending the frontiers in optoelectronics and photonics are very encouraged. The main goal of this magazine is promotion of papers presented by European scientific teams, especially those submitted by important team from Central and Eastern Europe. However, contributions from other parts of the world are by no means excluded.

Articles are published in OPELRE in the following categories:

-invited reviews presenting the current state of the knowledge,

-specialized topics at the forefront of optoelectronics and photonics and their applications,

-refereed research contributions reporting on original scientific or technological achievements,

-conference papers printed in normal issues as invited or contributed papers.

Authors of review papers are encouraged to write articles of relevance to a wide readership including both those established in this field of research and non-specialists working in related areas. Papers considered as “letters” are not published in OPELRE.

Opto-Electronics Review is published quarterly as a journal of the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers (SEP) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS) in cooperation with the Military University of Technology and under the auspices of the Polish Optoelectronics Committee of SEP.

Abstracting and Indexing: Arianta BazTech EBSCO relevant databases EBSCO Discovery Service SCOPUS relevant databases ProQuest relevant databases Clarivate Analytics relevant databases WangFang additionally: ProQuesta (Ex Libris, Ulrich, Summon) Google Scholar

Dodatkowe informacje

barwy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i wizerunek godła Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

DOFINANSOWANO ZE ŚRODKÓW BUDŻETU PAŃSTWA
Rozwój czasopism naukowych
Nr projektu: RCN/SN/0652/2021/1
Dofinansowanie: 85 700 zł
Całkowita wartość: 85 700 zł
Data podpisania umowy: 6 grudnia 2022 r.
Celem projektu jest wsparcie działalności wydawniczej Opto-Electronics Review w zakresie poprawy widoczności czasopisma na arenie krajowej i międzynarodowej oraz podwyższenia jakości edytorskiej prezentowanych treści.

CO-FINANCED FROM THE STATE BUDGET
Development of scientific journals
Project number: RCN/SN/0652/2021/1
Funding: PLN 85 700
Total value: PLN 85 700
Date of signing the contract: December 6, 2022.
The project aims to support the publishing activities of Opto-Electronics Review to improve the journal's visibility in the national and international arena and increase the editorial quality of the presented content.




Zasady etyki publikacyjnej

Policies and ethics:

The editors of the journal place particular emphasis on compliance with the following principles:

The use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in writing for Opto-Electronics Review

Where authors use generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, these technologies should only be used to improve readability and language of the work and not to replace key authoring tasks such as producing scientific insights or drawing scientific conclusions. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control and all work should be reviewed and edited carefully, because AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete, or biased. The authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.

Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies and a statement will appear in the published work. Declaring the use of these technologies supports transparency and trust between authors, readers, reviewers, editors, and contributors and facilitates compliance with the terms of use of the relevant tool or technology.

The use of generative AI and AI-assisted tools in figures, images and artwork

Opto-Electronics Review does not permit the use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools to create or alter images in submitted manuscripts. This may include enhancing, obscuring, moving, removing, or introducing a specific feature within an image or figure. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable if they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original.

The only exception is if the use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools is part of the research design or research methods (such as in AI-assisted imaging approaches to generate or interpret the underlying research data, for example in the field of biomedical imaging). If this is done, such use must be described in a reproducible manner in the methods section. This should include an explanation of how the generative AI or AI-assisted tools were used in the image creation or alteration process, and the name of the model or tool, version and extension numbers, and manufacturer.

Ethical policy of Opto-Electronics Review

The ethical policy of Opto-Electronics Review follows the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity and is also guided by the core practices and policies outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Authors must be honest in presenting their results and conclusions of their research. Research misconduct is harmful for knowledge.

Research results

Fabrication, falsification, or selective reporting of data with the intent to mislead or deceive is unethical, as is the theft of data or research results from others. The results of research should be recorded and maintained to allow for analysis and review. Following publication, the data should be retained for a reasonable period and made available upon request. Exceptions may be appropriate in certain circumstances to preserve privacy, to assure patent protection, or for similar reasons.

Authorship

All those who have made a significant contribution should be given chance to be cited as authors. Other individuals who have contributed to the work should be acknowledged. Articles should include a full list of the current institutional affiliations of all authors, both academic and corporate.

Competing interests

All authors, referees and editors must declare any conflicting or competing interests relating to a given article. Competing interests through their potential influence on behavior or content or perception may undermine the objectivity, integrity, or perceived value of publication.

Peer Review

We are committed to prompt evaluation and publication of fully accepted papers in Opto-Electronics Review’s publications. To maintain a high-quality publication, all submissions undergo a rigorous review process.

Characteristics of the peer review process are as follows:

• Simultaneous submissions of the same manuscript to different journals will not be tolerated.

• Manuscripts with contents outside the scope will not be considered for review.

• Opto-Electronics Review is a single-blind review journal.

• Papers will be refereed by at least 2 experts as suggested by the editorial board.

• In addition, Editors will have the option of seeking additional reviews when needed. Authors will be informed when Editors decide further review is required.

• All publication decisions are made by the journal’s Editor-in-Chief based on the referees’ reports. Authors of papers that are not accepted are notified promptly.

• All submitted manuscripts are treated as confidential documents. We expect reviewers to treat manuscripts as confidential material.

• Editors and reviewers involved in the review process should disclose conflicts of interest resulting from direct competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with any of the authors, and remove oneself from cases in which such conflicts preclude an objective evaluation. Privileged information or ideas that are obtained through peer review must not be used for competitive gain.

• A reviewer should be alert to potential ethical issues in the paper and should bring these to the attention of the editor, including any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which the reviewer has personal knowledge. Any statement, observation, derivation, or argument that had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation.

• Personal criticism is inappropriate.

Plagiarism

Reproducing text from other papers without properly crediting the source (plagiarism) or producing many papers with almost the same content by the same authors (self-plagiarism) is not acceptable. Submitting the same results to more than one journal concurrently is unethical. Exceptions are the review articles. Authors may not present results obtained by others as if they were their own. Authors should acknowledge the work of others used in their research and cite publications that have influenced the direction and course of their study.

Plagiarism is not tolerated. All manuscripts submitted to Opto-Electronics Review will be checked for plagiarism (copying text or results from other sources) and self-plagiarism (duplicating substantial parts of authors’ own published work without giving the appropriate references) using the CrossCheck database (iThenticate plagiarism checker).

Duplicate submission

Simultaneous submissions of the same manuscript to different journals will not be tolerated. The submitted article will be removed without consideration.

Corrections and retractions

All authors have an obligation to inform and cooperate with journal editors to provide prompt retractions or correction of errors in published works.

• The journal will issue retractions if:

• There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of misconduct (e.g., data fabrication or honest error - miscalculation or experimental error);

• The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission or justification (i.e., cases of redundant publication);

• It constitutes plagiarism;

• It reports unethical research.

• The journal will issue errata, if:

• A small portion of an otherwise reliable publication proves to be misleading (especially because of honest error);

• The author list is incorrect.

Other forms of misconduct include failure to meet clear ethical and legal requirements such as misrepresentation of interests, breach of confidentiality, lack of informed consent and abuse of research subjects or materials. Misconduct also includes improper dealing with infringements, such as attempts to cover up misconduct and reprisals on whistleblowers.

The primary responsibility for handling research misconduct is in the hands of those who employ the researchers. If a possible misconduct is brought to our attention, we will seek advice from the referees and the Editorial Board. If there is the evidence, we will resolve the matter by appropriate corrections in the printed and online journal; by refusing to consider an author's future work and by contacting affected authors and editors of other journals.

Human and Animal Rights

If the work involves the use of human subjects, the author should ensure that the work described has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans; Uniform Requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical journals. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.

All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines and should be carried out in accordance with the EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, and the authors should clearly indicate in the manuscript that such guidelines have been followed.

Polityka antyplagiatowa

All submitted manuscripts are checked against plagiarism using iThenticate software. Using the CRediT taxonomy in the Authors' Statement section is recommended.(https://credit.niso.org/)

CRediT Classification:
Conceptualization: Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
Data Curation: Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later reuse.
Formal Analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data.
Funding Acquisition: Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.
Investigation:; Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.
Methodology: Development or design of methodology; creation of models.
Project Administration: Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.
Resources: Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.
Software: Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.
Supervision: Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.
Validation: Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.
Visualization: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.
Writing – Original Draft Preparation: Creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).
Writing – Review & Editing: Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages.

An example of an Authors’ Contribution statement using CRediT with degree of contribution:

X.Y.: writing – review and editing (equal). A.B.: conceptualization (lead); writing – original draft (lead); formal analysis (lead); writing – review and editing (equal). C.D.: software (lead); writing – review and editing (equal). M.N.: methodology (lead); writing – review and editing (equal). S.T.: conceptualization (supporting); writing – original draft (supporting); writing – review and editing (equal).

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