Applied sciences

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

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Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 3

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanislaw Osowski
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Sawicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Cichocki
3

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
  3. RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0106, Japan
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Abstract

Recently, the analysis of medical imaging is gaining substantial research interest, due to advancements in the computer vision field. Automation of medical image analysis can significantly improve the diagnosis process and lead to better prioritization of patients waiting for medical consultation. This research is dedicated to building a multi-feature ensemble model which associates two independent methods of image description: textural features and deep learning. Different algorithms of classification were applied to single-phase computed tomography images containing 8 subtypes of renal neoplastic lesions. The final ensemble includes a textural description combined with a support vector machine and various configurations of Convolutional Neural Networks. Results of experimental tests have proved that such a model can achieve 93.6% of weighted F1-score (tested in 10-fold cross validation mode). Improvement of performance of the best individual predictor totalled 3.5 percentage points.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Maria Osowska-Kurczab
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Markiewicz
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Miroslaw Dziekiewicz
2
Malgorzata Lorent
2

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

For brain tumour treatment plans, the diagnoses and predictions made by medical doctors and radiologists are dependent on medical imaging. Obtaining clinically meaningful information from various imaging modalities such as computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) scans are the core methods in software and advanced screening utilized by radiologists. In this paper, a universal and complex framework for two parts of the dose control process – tumours detection and tumours area segmentation from medical images is introduced. The framework formed the implementation of methods to detect glioma tumour from CT and PET scans. Two deep learning pre-trained models: VGG19 and VGG19-BN were investigated and utilized to fuse CT and PET examinations results. Mask R-CNN (region-based convolutional neural network) was used for tumour detection – output of the model is bounding box coordinates for each object in the image – tumour. U-Net was used to perform semantic segmentation – segment malignant cells and tumour area. Transfer learning technique was used to increase the accuracy of models while having a limited collection of the dataset. Data augmentation methods were applied to generate and increase the number of training samples. The implemented framework can be utilized for other use-cases that combine object detection and area segmentation from grayscale and RGB images, especially to shape computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) and computer-aided detection (CADe) systems in the healthcare industry to facilitate and assist doctors and medical care providers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Estera Kot
1
Zuzanna Krawczyk
1
Krzysztof Siwek
1
Leszek Królicki
2
Piotr Czwarnowski
2

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Medical University of Warsaw, Nuclear Medicine Department, ul. Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The paper is focused on automatic segmentation task of bone structures out of CT data series of pelvic region. The authors trained and compared four different models of deep neural networks (FCN, PSPNet, U-net and Segnet) to perform the segmentation task of three following classes: background, patient outline and bones. The mean and class-wise Intersection over Union (IoU), Dice coefficient and pixel accuracy measures were evaluated for each network outcome. In the initial phase all of the networks were trained for 10 epochs. The most exact segmentation results were obtained with the use of U-net model, with mean IoU value equal to 93.2%. The results where further outperformed with the U-net model modification with ResNet50 model used as the encoder, trained by 30 epochs, which obtained following result: mIoU measure – 96.92%, “bone” class IoU – 92.87%, mDice coefficient – 98.41%, mDice coefficient for “bone” – 96.31%, mAccuracy – 99.85% and Accuracy for “bone” class – 99.92%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zuzanna Krawczyk
1
Jacek Starzyński
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

This work presents an automatic system for generating kidney boundaries in computed tomography (CT) images. This paper presents the main points of medical image processing, which are the parts of the developed system. The U-Net network was used for image segmentation, which is now widely used as a standard solution for many medical image processing tasks. An innovative solution for framing the input data has been implemented to improve the quality of the learning data as well as to reduce the size of the data. Precision-recall analysis was performed to calculate the optimal image threshold value. To eliminate false-positive errors, which are a common issue in segmentation based on neural networks, the volumetric analysis of coherent areas was applied. The developed system facilitates a fully automatic generation of kidney boundaries as well as the generation of a three-dimensional kidney model. The system can be helpful for people who deal with the analysis of medical images, medical specialists in medical centers, especially for those who perform the descriptions of CT examination. The system works fully automatically and can help to increase the accuracy of the performed medical diagnosis and reduce the time of preparing medical descriptions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Les
1

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
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Abstract

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes seizures of many different types. The article presents an analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) for epileptic seizure prediction. Considering that HRV is nonstationary, our research focused on the quantitative analysis of a Poincare plot feature, i.e. cardiac sympathetic index (CSI). It is reported that the CSI value increases before the epileptic seizure. An algorithm using a 1D-convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) was proposed for CSI estimation. The usability of this method was checked for 40 epilepsy patients. Our algorithm was compared with the method proposed by Toichi et al. The mean squared error (MSE) for testing data was 0.046 and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) amounted to 0.097. The 1D-CNN algorithm was also compared with regression methods. For this purpose, a classical type of neural network (MLP), as well as linear regression and SVM regression, were tested. In the study, typical artifacts occurring in ECG signals before and during an epileptic seizure were simulated. The proposed 1D-CNN algorithm estimates CSI well and is resistant to noise and artifacts in the ECG signal.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Kołodziej
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Majkowski
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Tarnowski
ORCID: ORCID
Remigiusz Jan Rak
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Rysz
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Voice acoustic analysis can be a valuable and objective tool supporting the diagnosis of many neurodegenerative diseases, especially in times of distant medical examination during the pandemic. The article compares the application of selected signal processing methods and machine learning algorithms for the taxonomy of acquired speech signals representing the vowel a with prolonged phonation in patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy subjects. The study was conducted using three different feature engineering techniques for the generation of speech signal features as well as the deep learning approach based on the processing of images involving spectrograms of different time and frequency resolutions. The research utilized real recordings acquired in the Department of Neurology at the Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. The discriminatory ability of feature vectors was evaluated using the SVM technique. The spectrograms were processed by the popular AlexNet convolutional neural network adopted to the binary classification task according to the strategy of transfer learning. The results of numerical experiments have shown different efficiencies of the examined approaches; however, the sensitivity of the best test based on the selected features proposed with respect to biological grounds of voice articulation reached the value of 97% with the specificity no worse than 93%. The results could be further slightly improved thanks to the combination of the selected deep learning and feature engineering algorithms in one stacked ensemble model.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewelina Majda-Zdancewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Potulska-Chromik
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Jakubowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Nojszewska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, ul. Gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The paper presents the fusion approach of different feature selection methods in pattern recognition problems. The following methods are examined: nearest component analysis, Fisher discriminant criterion, refiefF method, stepwise fit, Kolmogorov-Smirnov criteria, T2-test, Kruskall-Wallis test, feature correlation with class, and SVM recursive feature elimination. The sensitivity to the noisy data as well as the repeatability of the most important features are studied. Based on this study, the best selection methods are chosen and applied in the process of selection of the most important genes and gene sequences in a dataset of gene expression microarray in prostate and ovarian cancers. The results of their fusion are presented and discussed. The small selected set of such genes can be treated as biomarkers of cancer.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fabian Gil
1
Stanislaw Osowski
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The article presents research on the use of Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) methods to create an artificial player for the popular card game “The Lord of the Rings”. The game is characterized by complicated rules, multi-stage round construction, and a high level of randomness. The described study found that the best probability of a win is received for a strategy combining expert knowledge-based agents with MCTS agents at different decision stages. It is also beneficial to replace random playouts with playouts using expert knowledge. The results of the final experiments indicate that the relative effectiveness of the developed solution grows as the difficulty of the game increases.
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Authors and Affiliations

Konrad Godlewski
1
Bartosz Sawicki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Due to the coexistence of continuity and discreteness, energy management of a multi-mode power split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) can be considered a typical hybrid system. Therefore, the hybrid system theory is applied to investigate the optimum energy distribution strategy of a power split multi-mode HEV. In order to obtain a unified description of the continuous/discrete dynamics, including both the steady power distribution process and mode switching behaviors, mixed logical dynamical (MLD) modeling is adopted to build the control-oriented model. Moreover, linear piecewise affine (PWA) technology is applied to deal with nonlinear characteristics in MLD modeling. The MLD model is finally obtained through a high level modeling language, i.e. HYSDEL. Based on the MLD model, hybrid model predictive control (HMPC) strategy is proposed, where a mixed integer quadratic programming (MIQP) problem is constructed for optimum power distribution. Simulation studies under different driving cycles demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can have a superior control effect as compared with the rule-based control strategy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shaohua Wang
1
Sheng Zhang
1
Dehua Shi
1 2 3
Xiaoqiang Sun
1
Tao Yang
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
  2. Vehicle Measurement, Control and Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
  3. Jiangsu Chunlan Clean Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
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Abstract

Real time simulators of IEC 61850 compliant protection devices can be implemented without their analogue part, reducing costs and increasing versatility. Implementation of Sampled Values (SV) and GOOSE interfaces to Matlab/Simulink allows for interaction with protection relays in closed loop during power system simulation. Properly configured and synchronized Linux system with Real Time (RT) patch, can be used as a low latency run time environment for Matlab/Simulink generated model. The number of overruns during model execution using proposed SV and GOOSE interfaces with 50 µs step size is minimal. The paper discusses the implementation details and time synchronization methods of IEC 61850 real time simulator implemented in Matlab/Simulink that is built on top of run time environment shown in authors preliminary works and is the further development of them. Correct operation of the proposed solution is evaluated during the hardware-in-the-loop testing of ABB REL670 relay.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karol Kurek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Nogal
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ryszard Kowalik
1
Marcin Januszewski
1

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warszawa, Poland
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Abstract

Outdoor lighting is an important element in creating an evening and nocturnal image of urban spaces. Properly designed and constructed lighting installations provide residents with comfort and security. One way to improve the energy efficiency of road lighting installation is to replace the electromagnetic control gear (ECG) with electronic ballasts (EB). The main purpose of this article is to provide an in-depth comparative analysis of the energy efficiency and performance of HPS lamps with ECG and EB. It will compare their performance under sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal voltage supply conditions for the four most commonly used HPS lamps of 70 W, 100 W, 150 W, and 250 W. The number of luminaires supplied from one circuit was determined based on the value of permissible active power losses. With the use of the DIALux program, projects of road lighting installation were developed. On this basis, energy performance indicators, electricity consumption, electricity costs, and CO 2 emissions were calculated for one-phase and three-phase installations. The obtained results indicate that an HPS lamp with EB is better than an HPS lamp with ECG in terms of energy quality, energy savings, and environmental impact. The results of this analysis are expected to assist in the choice of HPS lighting technology.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Sikora
1
ORCID: ORCID
Przemysław Markiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Rózga
1

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, ul. Stefanowskiego 18/22, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Abstract

The optimum combination of blade angle of the runner and guide vane opening with Kaplan turbine can improve the hydroelectric generating the set operation efficiency and the suppression capability of oscillations. Due to time and cost limitations and the complex operation mechanism of the Kaplan turbine, the coordination test data is insufficient, making it challenging to obtain the whole curves at each head under the optimum coordination operation by field tests. The field test data is employed to propose a least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM)-based prediction model for Kaplan turbine coordination tests. Considering the small sample characteristics of the test data of Kaplan turbine coordination, the LSSVM parameters are optimized by an improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm with mixed non-linear factors and static weights. The grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm has some deficiencies, such as the linear convergence factor, which inaccurately simulates the actual situation, and updating the position indeterminately reflects the absolute leadership of the leader wolf. The IGWO algorithm is employed to overcome the aforementioned problems. The prediction model is simulated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed IGWO-LSSVM. The results show high accuracy with small samples, a 2.59% relative error in coordination tests, and less than 1.85% relative error in non-coordination tests under different heads.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fannie Kong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jiahui Xia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Daliang Yang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ming Luo
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China
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Abstract

This article considers the problem of the rise in temperature of the windings of an induction motor during start-up. Excessive growth of thermal stresses in the structure of a cage winding increases the probability of damage to the winding of the rotor. For the purpose of analysis of the problem, simplified mathematical relationships are given, enabling the comparison of quantities of energy released in a rotor winding during start-up by different methods. Also, laboratory tests were carried out on a specially adapted cage induction motor enabling measurement of the temperature of a rotor winding during its operation. Because there was no possibility of investigating motors in medium- and high-power drive systems, the authors decided to carry out tests on a low-power motor. The study concerned the start-up of a drive system with a 4 kW cage induction motor. Changes in the winding temperature were recorded for three cases: direct online start-up, soft starting, and the use of a variable-frequency drive (VFD). Conclusions were drawn based on the results obtained. In high-power motors, the observed phenomena occur with greater intensity, because of the use of deep bar and double cage rotors. For this reason, indication is made of the particular need for research into the energy aspects of different start-up methods for medium- and high-power cage induction motors in conditions of prolonged start-up.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Mróz
1
Piotr Bogusz
1

  1. Rzeszów University of Technology, The Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, al. Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Abstract

The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is well known and widely used optimization method based on swarm intelligence, and it is inspired by the behavior of honeybees searching for a high amount of nectar from the flower. However, this algorithm has not been exploited sufficiently. This research paper proposes a novel method to analyze the exploration and exploitation of ABC. In ABC, the scout bee searches for a source of random food for exploitation. Along with random search, the scout bee is guided by a modified genetic algorithm approach to locate a food source with a high nectar value. The proposed algorithm is applied for the design of a nonlinear controller for a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The statistical analysis of the results confirms that the proposed modified hybrid artificial bee colony (HMABC) achieves consistently better performance than the traditional ABC algorithm. The results are compared with conventional ABC and nonlinear PID (NLPID) to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm. The performance of the HMABC algorithm-based controller is competitive with other state-of-the-art meta-heuristic algorithm-based controllers in the literature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nedumal Pugazhenthi P
1
S. Selvaperumal
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Vijayakumar
2

  1. Department of EEE, Syed Ammal Engineering College, Ramanathapuram, Tamilnadu, India
  2. Department of electronics and instrumentation, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi, Tamilnadu, India
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Abstract

To improve the curve driving stability and safety under critical maneuvers for four-wheel-independent drive autonomous electric vehicles, a three-stage direct yaw moment control (DYC) strategy design procedure is proposed in this work. The first stage conducts the modeling of the tire nonlinear mechanical properties, i.e. the coupling relationship between the tire longitudinal force and the tire lateral force, which is crucial for the DYC strategy design, in the STI (Systems Technologies Inc.) form based on experimental data. On this basis, a 7-DOF vehicle dynamics model is established and the direct yaw moment calculation problem of the four-wheel-independent drive autonomous electric vehicle is solved through the nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) control method, thus the optimal direct yaw moment can be obtained. To achieve this direct yaw moment, an optimal allocation problem of the tire forces is further solved by using the trust-region interior-point method, which can effectively guarantee the solving efficiency of complex optimization problem like the tire driving and braking forces allocation of four wheels in this work. Finally, the effectiveness of the DYC strategy proposed for the autonomous electric vehicles is verified through the CarSim-Simulink co-simulation results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xiaoqiang Sun
1 2
Yujun Wang
1
Yingfeng Cai
1
Pak Kin Wong
3
Long Chen
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu, China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  3. Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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Abstract

For fault detection of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), in this paper, a method of sliding mode observer (SMO) based on a new reaching law (NRL) is proposed. The SMO based on the NRL (NRL- SMO) theoretically eliminates system chatter caused by the reaching law and can be switched in time with system interference in terms of robustness and smoothness. In addition, the sliding mode control law is used as the index of fault detection. Firstly, this paper gives the NRL with the theoretically analyzes. Secondly, according to the mathematical model of DFIG, NRL-SMO is designed, and its analysis of stability and robustness are carried out. Then this paper describes how to choose the optimal parameters of the NRL-SMO. Finally, three common wind turbine system faults are given, which are DFIG inter-turn stator fault, grid voltage drop fault, and rotor current sensor fault. The simulation models of the DFIG under different faults is established. The simulation results prove that the superiority of the method of NRL-SMO in state tracking and the feasibility of fault detection.
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Authors and Affiliations

RuiQi Li
1 2
Wenxin Yu
1 2
JunNian Wang
3 2
Yang Lu
1 2
Dan Jiang
1 2
GuoLiang Zhong
1 2
ZuanBo Zhou
1 2

  1. School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Hunan Pro., Xiangtan,411201, China
  2. Key Laboratory of Knowledge Processing Networked Manufacturing, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Hunan Pro., Xiangtan,411201, China
  3. School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Hunan Pro., Xiangtan,411201, China
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Abstract

The synchronisation of a complex chaotic network of permanent magnet synchronous motor systems has increasing practical importance in the field of electrical engineering. This article presents the control design method for the hybrid synchronization and parameter estimation of ring-connected complex chaotic network of permanent magnet synchronous motor systems. The design of the desired control law is a challenging task for control engineers due to parametric uncertainties and chaotic responses to some specific parameter values. Controllers are designed based on the adaptive integral sliding mode control to ensure hybrid synchronization and estimation of uncertain terms. To apply the adaptive ISMC, firstly the error system is converted to a unique system consisting of a nominal part along with the unknown terms which are computed adaptively. The stabilizing controller incorporating nominal control and compensator control is designed for the error system. The compensator controller, as well as the adopted laws, are designed to get the first derivative of the Lyapunov equation strictly negative. To give an illustration, the proposed technique is applied to 4-coupled motor systems yielding the convergence of error dynamics to zero, estimation of uncertain parameters, and hybrid synchronization of system states. The usefulness of the proposed method has also been tested through computer simulations and found to be valid.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nazam Siddique
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fazal U. Rehman
1

  1. Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad Expressway, Kahuta Road, Zone-V Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abstract

Adsorption cooling and desalination technologies have recently received more attention. Adsorption chillers, using eco-friendly refrigerants, provide promising abilities for low-grade waste heat recovery and utilization, especially renewable and waste heat of the near ambient temperature. However, due to the low coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling capacity (CC) of the chillers, they have not been widely commercialized. Although operating in combined heating and cooling (HC) systems, adsorption chillers allow more efficient conversion and management of low-grade sources of thermal energy, their operation is still not sufficiently recognized, and the improvement of their performance is still a challenging task. The paper introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) approach for the optimization study of a two-bed adsorption chiller operating in an existing combined HC system, driven by low-temperature heat from cogeneration. Artificial neural networks are employed to develop a model that allows estimating the behavior of the chiller. Two crucial energy efficiency and performance indicators of the adsorption chiller, i.e., CC and the COP, are examined during the study for different operating sceneries and a wide range of operating conditions. Thus this work provides useful guidance for the operating conditions of the adsorption chiller integrated into the HC system. For the considered range of input parameters, the highest CC and COP are equal to 12.7 and 0.65 kW, respectively. The developed model, based on the neurocomputing approach, constitutes an easy-to-use and powerful optimization tool for the adsorption chiller operating in the complex HC system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Krzywanski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karol Sztekler
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Bugaj
3
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Kalawa
2
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Grabowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Patryk Robert Chaja
4
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Sosnowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Nowak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Mika
2
ORCID: ORCID
Sebastian Bykuć
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Faculty of Science and Technology, ul. A. Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
  2. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, ul. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
  3. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, ul. Nowowiejska 24, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
  4. Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Distributed Energy, ul. Fiszera 14, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract

In the ceramic industry, quality control is performed using visual inspection in three different product stages: green, biscuit, and the final ceramic tile. To develop a real-time computer visual inspection system, the necessary step is successful tile segmentation from its background. In this paper, a new statistical multi-line signal change detection (MLSCD) segmentation method based on signal change detection (SCD) method is presented. Through experimental results on seven different ceramic tile image sets, MLSCD performance is analyzed and compared with the SCD method. Finally, recommended parameters are proposed for optimal performance of the MLSCD method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Filip Sušac
1
Tomislav Matić
1
Ivan Aleksi
1
Tomislav Keser
1

  1. J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Kneza Trpimira 2B, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Abstract

Nowadays in e-commerce applications, aspect-based sentiment analysis has become vital, and every consumer started focusing on various aspects of the product before making the purchasing decision on online portals like Amazon, Walmart, Alibaba, etc. Hence, the enhancement of sentiment classification considering every aspect of products and services is in the limelight. In this proposed research, an aspect-based sentiment classification model has been developed employing sentiment whale-optimized adaptive neural network (SWOANN) for classifying the sentiment for key aspects of products and services. The accuracy of sentiment classification of the product and services has been improved by the optimal selection of weights of neurons in the proposed model. The promising results are obtained by analyzing the mobile phone review dataset when compared with other existing sentiment classification approaches such as support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN). The proposed work uses key features such as the positive opinion score, negative opinion score, and term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) for representing each aspect of products and services, which further improves the overall effectiveness of the classifier. The proposed model can be compatible with any sentiment classification problem of products and services.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nallathambi Balaganesh
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Muneeswaran
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India
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Abstract

The research was attempted to mimic the locomotion of the salamander, which is found to be one of the main animals from an evolutionary point of view. The design of the limb and body was started with the parametric studies of pneumatic network (Pneu-Net). Pneu-Net is a pneumatically operated soft actuator that bends when compressed fluid is passed inside the chamber. Finite Element Analysis software, ANSYS, was used to evaluate the height of the chamber, number of chambers and the gap between chambers for both limb and body of the soft mechanism. The parameters were decided based on the force generated by the soft actuators. The assembly of the salamander robot was then exported to MATLAB for simulating the locomotion of the robot in a physical environment. Sine-based controller was used to simulate the robot model and the fastest locomotion of the salamander robot was identified at 1 Hz frequency, 0.3 second of signal delay for limb actuator and negative π phase difference for every contralateral side of the limbs. Shin-Etsu KE-1603, a hyper elastic material, was used to build the salamander robot and a series of experiments were conducted to record the bending angle, the respective generated force in soft actuators and the gait speed of the robot. The developed salamander robot was able to walk at 0.06774 m/s, following an almost identical pattern to the simulation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elango Natarajan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kwang Y. Chia
1
Ahmad Athif Mohd Faudzi
2
Wei Hong Lim
1
Chun Kit Ang
1
Ali Jafaari
2

  1. Faculty of Engineering, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  2. Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIRO), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kulala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract

The article deals with studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluidized bed in gravitation shelf dryers. The algorithm to calculate hydrodynamic characteristics of the fluidized bed in the dryer’s workspace is described. Every block of the algorithm has a primary hydrodynamic characteristics theoretical model of calculation. Principles of disperse phase motion in various areas in the gravitation shelf dryer are established. The software realization of the author’s mathematic model to calculate disperse phase motion trajectory in a free and constrained regime, disperse phase residence time in the dryers’ workspace, polydisperse systems classification is proposed in the study. Calculations of disperse phase motion hydrodynamic characteristics using the software product ANSYS CFX, based on the author’s mathematic model, are presented in the article. The software product enables automating calculation simultaneously by several optimization criteria and visualizing calculation results in the form of 3D images. The disperse phase flow velocity fields are obtained; principles of a wide fraction of the disperse phase distribution in the workspace of the shelf dryer are fixed. The way to define disperse phase residence time91 in the workspace of the shelf dryer in free (without consideration of cooperation with other particles and dryer’s elements) and con-strained motion regimes is proposed in the research. The calculation results make a base for the optimal choice of the gravitation shelf dryer working chamber sizes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nadiia Artyukhova
1
Jan Krmela
2
ORCID: ORCID
Vladimíra Krmelová
3
Artem Artyukhov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mária Gavendová
3

  1. Sumy State University, Oleg Balatskyi Academic and Research Institute of Finance, Economics and Management, Department of Marketing, Rymskogo-Korsakova st. 2, 40007, Sumy, Ukraine
  2. Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Faculty of Industrial Technologies in Púchov, Department of Numerical Methods and Computational Modeling, Ivana Krasku 491/30, 020 01 Púchov, Slovakia
  3. Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, Faculty of Industrial Technologies in Púchov, Department of Material Technologies and Environment, Ivana Krasku 491/30, 020 01 Púchov, Slovakia
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Abstract

The paper presents and sums up the research and technical aspects of the modernization of the cutting tool of the dredger. Improper adjustment of the cutting elements not adjusted to the characteristics of excavated material is not an uncommon situation, causing versatile geological conditions. Relocation of the machines from one pit to another may result in the significant influence on the excavation process (wear, output, etc.). Common practice is the field try and error approach to obtain desired machine performance. In the paper authors present the approach with aid of cutting-edge technologies. Coupled DEM and kinematic simulations supported by the reverse engineering technologies of laser scanning were the fundamental drivers for final adjustments of the cutting tool at its present operational conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Andruszko
1
Przemyslaw Moczko
1
Damian Pietrusiak
1

  1. Department of Machine Design and Research, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, ul. Ignacego Lukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

Boron nitride (BN) reinforced Al6061 aluminum-based composites are synthesized by conventional stir casting method followed by exposure to hot extrusion. The optical images confirmed the distribution of BN nanoparticles in the aluminum alloy matrix. The concentration of BN is varied from (0.5, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5, and 9 wt%) in the composites and its effect on the tensile strength was investigated. The results revealed that both extruded and heat-treated composites specimens showed enhanced toughness and tensile strength by increasing BN nanoparticle concentration. The heat-treated composite samples showed lower flexibility of up to 40%, and further, it exhibited 37% greater hardness and 32% enhancement in tensile strength over the extruded sample. The tensile properties of Al6061-BN composites were evaluated by temperature-dependent internal friction (TDIF) analysis and the results showed that the as-prepared composite's strength increased with temperature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Y.B. Mukesh
1
Prem Kumar Naik
2
Raghavendra Rao R
3
N.R. Vishwanatha
4
N.S. Prema
5
H.N. Girish
6
Naik L. Laxmana
3
Puttaswamy Madhusudan
7 8
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, AMC Engineering College, Bengaluru, India
  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, India
  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Navkis College of Engineering, Hassan, India
  5. Department of Information Science and Engineering, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysore, India
  6. Department of Studies in Earth Science, University of Mysore, 570006, India
  7. Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
  8. Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of research on the influence of the parameters of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) on the mechanical properties and geometric accuracy of angle-shaped parts. The samples were manufactured from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) on a universal machine. A complete factorial experiment was conducted. The results indicated that the critical technological parameter was the angular orientation of the sample in the working chamber of the machine. The results were compared with the results of research performed on simple rectangular samples. A significant similarity was found in the relationships between the FDM parameters and properties for both sample types.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wiesław Kuczko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Hamrol
1
ORCID: ORCID
Radosław Wichniarek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Filip Górski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Rogalewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
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Abstract

Bridge inspections are a vital part of bridge maintenance and the main information source for Bridge Management Systems is used in decision-making regarding repairs. Without a doubt, both can benefit from the implementation of the Building Information Modelling philosophy. To fully harness the BIM potential in this area, we have to develop tools that will provide inspection accurate information easily and fast. In this paper, we present an example of how such a tool can utilise tablets coupled with the latest generation RGB-D cameras for data acquisition; how these data can be processed to extract the defect surface area and create a 3D representation, and finally embed this information into the BIM model. Additionally, the study of depth sensor accuracy is presented along with surface area accuracy tests and an exemplary inspection of a bridge pillar column.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartosz Wójcik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mateusz Żarski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mechanics and Bridges, Faculty of Civil Engendering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

This paper presents a new approach to the design methodology of road routes, in literature often referred to as the polynomial alignment. The author proposes the use of the so-called general transition curves that have been described in detail in his earlier research papers. General transition curves employ only one curvature extremum, and the whole curved transition between two extreme points of zero curvature value is described by a single equation. As a result, the curves are very useful for the creation of route geometry in accordance with the principles of polynomial alignment. The paper describes the main concept of polynomial alignment and presents equations of curves which can be used in the proposed alignment procedure. In addition, the paper gives a detailed description of design procedures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Kobryń
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45E, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
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Abstract

The main drawback of any Design for Reliability methodology is lack of easy accessible reliability models, prepared individually for each critical component. In this paper, a reliability model for SiC power MOSFET in SOT – 227 B housing, subjected to power cycling, is presented. Discussion covers preparation of Accelerated Lifetime Test required to develop such reliability model, analysis of semiconductor degradation progress, samples post-failure analysis and identification of reliability model parameters. Such model may be further used for failure prognostics or useful lifetime estimation of High Performance Power Supplies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Bąba
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. TRUMPF Huettinger Sp. z o.o., Research and Development Department, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland
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Abstract

The paper presents the first vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) designed, grown, processed and evaluated entirely in Poland. The lasers emit at »850 nm, which is the most commonly used wavelength for short-reach (<2 km) optical data communication across multiple-mode optical fiber. Our devices present state-of-the-art electrical and optical parameters, e.g. high room-temperature maximum optical powers of over 5 mW, laser emission at heat-sink temperatures up to at least 95°C, low threshold current densities (<10 kA/cm2) and wall-plug efficiencies exceeding 30% VCSELs can also be easily adjusted to reach emission wavelengths of around 780 to 1090 nm.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Gębski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Patrycja Śpiewak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Walery Kołkowski
2
Iwona Pasternak
2
Weronika Głowadzka
1
Włodzimierz Nakwaski
1
Robert P. Sarzała
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Wasiak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Czyszanowski
1
Włodzimierz Strupiński
2

  1. Photonics Group, Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 219, 90-924 Łódź
  2. Vigo System S.A., ul. Poznańska 129/133, 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki
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Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticle’s different applications in nanomedicine, due to their unique physical properties and biocompatibility, were intensively investigated. Recently, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, are confirmed to be the best sonosensitizers to enhance the performance of HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound). They are also used as thermo-sensitizers in magnetic hyperthermia. A new idea of dual, magneto-ultrasound, coupled hyperthermia allows the ultrasound intensity to be reduced from the high to a moderate level. Our goal is to evaluate the enhancement of thermal effects of focused ultrasound of moderate intensity due to the presence of nanoparticles. We combine experimental results with numerical analysis. Experiments are performed on tissue-mimicking materials made of the 5% agar gel and gel samples containing Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with φ  = 100 nm with two fractions of 0.76 and 1.53% w/w. Thermocouples registered curves of temperature rising during heating by focused ultrasound transducer with acoustic powers of the range from 1 to 4 W. The theoretical model of ultrasound-thermal coupling is solved in COMSOL Multiphysics. We compared the changes between the specific absorption rates (SAR) coefficients determined from the experimental and numerical temperature rise curves depending on the nanoparticle fractions and applied acoustic powers.We confirmed that the significant role of nanoparticles in enhancing the thermal effect is qualitatively similarly estimated, based on experimental and numerical results. So that we demonstrated the usefulness of the FEM linear acoustic model in the planning of efficiency of nanoparticle-mediated moderate hyperthermia.
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Gambin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eleonora Kruglenko
1

  1. Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland

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