Applied sciences

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management

Description

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management is a journal of the MEERI PAS and the Committee for Sustainable Mineral Resources Management of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The journal has been published continuously since 1985. It is one of the leading journals in the Polish market, publishing original scientific papers by Polish and foreign authors in the field broadly understood as the management of mineral resources. Articles are published in English. All articles are reviewed by at least two independent reviewers (the Editorial Board selects articles according to the “double-blind review” principle).

Journal Metrics:

IMPACT FACTOR 2022: 0.9

CiteScore 2022: 1.7

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2022: 0.215

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2022: 0.339

ISSN

ISSN 0860-0953

Publishers

Komitet Zrównoważonej Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi PAN, Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief: Eugeniusz Mokrzycki
Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Ryszard Uberman (section: mining)
Editorial Secretary: Krzysztof Galos (section: mineralogy)
Deputy Editorial Secretary: Lidia Gawlik (section: mineral and energy economy)
Deputy Editorial Secretary: Beata Klojzy-Karczmarczyk (section: environmental engineering in mining)
Statistical Editor: Jacek Mucha

Advisory Board

Mattias Bäckström, Assistant Professor, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
Wiesław Blaschke, PhD(Eng), Professor, The Institute of Mechanised Construction and Rock Mining, Katowice, Poland
Jan Butra, Professor, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
Dennis L. Buchanan, Professor, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Michal Cehlár – Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic
Józef Dubiński, Professor, The Central Mining Institute, Katowice, Poland
Jakub Jirasek, Associate Professor, The Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
Roman Magda, Professor, The AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
Antonio Mateus, Professor, Universidade de Lisboa, Lizbona, Portugal
Jacek Motyka, Professor, The AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
Marek Nieć, DSc(Eng), Professor, The MEERI PAS, Kraków, Poland
James Otto, Professor, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, USA
Marian Radetzki, Professor, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
Anton Sroka, Professor, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, University of Resources, Freiberg, Germany
Krzysztof Szamałek, Professor, The University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Günter Tiess, Assistant Professor, MinPol GmbH, Dreistetten, Austria

Publishing Committee

Emilia Rydzewska – linguistic editor (Polish)
Michelle Atallah – linguistic editor (English)
Barbara Sudoł – technical editor

Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of
Sciences J. Wybickiego 7A, 31-261 Kraków,
Phone: (+48) 12 632 33-00, Fax: +48 12 632 35-24
Email: gsm@min-pan.krakow.pl

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the license CC BY-SA 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Content

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2022 | vol. 38 | No 1

1 On the criticality of minerals otherwise. New approach taking into account cultural, social and historical factors

Krzysztof Szamałek , Karol Zglinicki , Sławomir Mazurek

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2022 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 5-16 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.140608

Keywords: mineral criticality mineral resources policy deficit minerals

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Abstract

The importance and the role of minerals in the economy of a country or the world is highlighted by the use of the following terms: scarce mineral, critical mineral, and strategic mineral. The validity of the raw material in the economic processes and knowledge about the sources of its acquisition, access barriers, and the shaping of prices on the domestic and international market allow the development of an action strategy. The strategy must take into account the objective of the action, time horizon, the kind of the instruments that need to be used, and the scope of international cooperation. The importance of the raw material for the country is not only the volume of turnover and volume of production obtained thanks to its application. There are also historical, cultural and social reasons for its importance. The authors present arguments for another meaning of the term – mineral criticality. They also point out the linguistic differences between the term “criticality” in Polish and English. They propose to consider water, medicinal raw materials, some rock resources and amber as critical raw materials for various reasons.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Szamałek

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Karol Zglinicki

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sławomir Mazurek

e-mail:

ORCID:

University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology Warszawa, Poland
Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute Warszawa, Poland

2 Rare earth elements in the Sin Quyen IOCG deposit, North Vietnam

Nguyen Dinh Chau , Jadwiga Pieczonka , Adam Piestrzyński , Le Khanh Phon , Duong Van Hao

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2022 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 17-60 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.140611

Keywords: REE allanite ore minerals IOCG deposit N-Vietnam

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Abstract

The Sin Quyen deposit is characterized by a high accumulation of rare earth elements (REE). This deposit belongs to the IOCG type copper deposits (Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Deposits). In the deposit, the REE carrier minerals have been identified as follow: allanite, titanite, uraninite, monazite, apatite, chevkinite, aeschynite, bastnäsite, and epidote. In the skarn zone, contents of allanite range from single percentages to 10% in hand-size specimens. Locally, minerals of epidote subgroup which occur in large amounts in the host rocks are important. The studied allanites have concentrations of: REE (14–27 wt%), Ca (9–16 wt%), Al (8–19 wt%), Si (26–34 wt%) and Fe (12–21 wt%). Two populations of allanite are documented, the first is texturally older and probably related to the Ca-K alteration (second stage of crystallization). This population has higher REE concentration ranging from 20 to 27 wt%. The second population is texturally younger and has a lower total REE concentration ranging from 14 to 19.9 wt%, which occur mostly as a rim surrounding the older and likely arose during the K alteration with Cu-Au mineralization (third crystallization). The chemical composition indicates that the studied allanites belong to the Ce-La-ferriallanite family, with low ΣHREE and an average of 0.21 wt.%. A temperature of 355°C which was calculated using a value of δ34S isotopes is interpreted as a temperature of the second crystallization stage of allanite. In the studied deposit, excluding allanite and titanite, the other bearing REE minerals have an insignificant role in the REE balance, since they either have the total content of REE, which is often close to the WDS detection limit (rf. the epidote subgroup), or their only occur at the single points. The content of total REE in accessory uraninites is high and range from 1.311% up to 7.959% with an average value of 4.852%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nguyen Dinh Chau

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jadwiga Pieczonka

e-mail:

ORCID:

Adam Piestrzyński

e-mail:

ORCID:

Le Khanh Phon

Duong Van Hao

AGH Unversity of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi, Vietnam

3 Lithium sources and their current use

Jarosław Szlugaj , Barbara Radwanek-Bąk

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2022 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 61-88 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.140613

Keywords: lithium deposits production market trade prices recycling substitution

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Abstract

The lithium market has experienced an unprecedented boom in recent years like a “golden age” and is one of the fastest growing raw material markets in the world. The fast growing demand for lithium is mainly related to the increase in the production of lithium-ion batteries used in electric or hybrid vehicles and portable electronic equipment, and to a lesser extent, in other strategic fields (military, nuclear technologies). This was reflected in a significant change in the structure of consumption, an increase in international trade and in the price of lithium raw materials. Moreover, in 2018 lithium was listed as a critical element for the national security and economy of the United States, and in 2020 it was also listed as a critical raw material for the European Union economy. It is also a time of increased exploration for new deposits, as well as mining processing and recycling. As a result, global lithium reserves have doubled in the last six years. All this prompted the authors to prepare an article in which the sources of lithium minerals and their resources, the basic factors determining the economic situation on the market, their prices and the possibilities of recycling and substitution are presented and assessed. Attention is also paid to the role of companies operating in Poland as significant partners on the European market of lithium-ion batteries. Lithium oxide and hydroxide and lithium carbonate are the main lithium raw materials used in Poland. In the absence of the country having its own deposits, they are imported, and the main suppliers are Chile, Western European countries and Russia.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Szlugaj

e-mail:

ORCID:

Barbara Radwanek-Bąk

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

4 Ore extraction and analysis from RGB image and 3D Point Cloud

Feng Jin , Kai Zhan , Shengjie Chen , Shuwei Huang , Yuansheng Zhang

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2022 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 89-106 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.140612

Keywords: ore image 3D point cloud embedded confidence edge detection mean-shift cross-calibration

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Abstract

Based on the theory of computer vision, a new method for extracting ore from underground mines is proposed. This is based on a combination of RGB images collected by a color industrial camera and a point cloud generated by a 3D ToF camera. Firstly, the mean-shift algorithm combined with the embedded confidence edge detection algorithm is used to segment the RGB ore image into different regions. Secondly, the effective ore regions are classified into large pieces of ore and ore piles consisting of a number of small pieces of ore. The method applied in the classification process is to embed the confidence into the edge detection algorithm which calculates edge distribution around ore regions. Finally, the RGB camera and the 3D ToF camera are calibrated and the camera matrix transformation of the two cameras is obtained. Point cloud fragments are then extracted according to the cross-calibration result. The geometric properties of the ore point cloud are then analysed in the subsequent procedure.

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Authors and Affiliations

Feng Jin

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kai Zhan

Shengjie Chen

Shuwei Huang

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yuansheng Zhang

BGRIMM Technology Group University of Science and Technology Beijing, China
BGRIMM Technology Group, China

5 The optimization of cut-off grades by means of memetic algorithms

Erhan Cetin , Abdurrahman Dalgic

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2022 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 107-122 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.140607

Keywords: memetic algorithms optimization cut-off grades depletion rate rehabilitation cost

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Abstract

Cut-off grades optimization is a fundamental issue for mineral deposits. A cut-off grade is any grade that is used to separate two courses of action; to mine or not to mine, to process or to dump. In order to achieve the maximum discounted cash flow, generally a decreasing order of cut-off grades schedule takes place. Variable mining costs are applied to the extracted material, not to all of the depletion rate as some of the depletion can be left in-situ. B ecause of access constraints, some of the blocks that have an average grade less than the determined cut-off grade are left in-situ, some of them are excavated and dumped as waste material. The probability density function of an exponential distribution is used to find the portion of the material below the cut-off used that is left in situ. The parts of a mineral deposit that are excavated but will be dumped as waste material and tailings of ore incur some additional cost of rehabilitation. The method of memetic algorithms is a very robust optimization tool. It is a step further from the genetic algorithms. The crossover, mutation and natural selection behavior of the method ensures it escape from a local optimum point, and a further local search improves the optimum further. This paper describes the general problem of cut-off grades optimization, outlines the use of memetic algorithms in cut-off grades optimization and further extension of the method including partial depletion rates and variable rehabilitation cost. This paper is the first application of memetic algorithms to cut-off grades optimization in this context.

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Bibliography

Cetin, E . 2016. Cut-off grades optimization by means of memetic algorithms with uncertain market conditions. Middle East Journal of Technic 1(1).
Cetin, E . and Dowd, P. A. 2002. The use of genetic algorithms for multiple cut-off grade optimisation. Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on the Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Minerals Industries, Littleton, Colorado, USA.
Cetin, E . and Dowd, P.A. 2016. M ultiple cut-off grade optimization by genetic algorithms and comparison with grid search method and dynamic programming. The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 116(7), pp. 681–688, DOI: 10.17159/2411-9717/2016/v116n7a10.
Dowd, P.A. 1976. Application of dynamic and stochastic programming to optimise cut-off grades and production rates. Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Section A: Mining Industry 81. pp. 160–179.
Dawkins, R. 1976. The Selfish Gene, Oxford University Press.
Garg, P. 2009. A Comparison between Memetic algorithm and Genetic algorithm for the Cryptanalysis of Simplified Data Encryption Standard Algorithm. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), 1(1), pp. 34–42.
Gholamnejad, J. 2008. Determination of the optimum cutoff grade considering environmental cost. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 3(3), pp. 186-194.
Gholamnejad, J. 2009. Incorporation of rehabilitation cost into the optimum cut-off grade determination. The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 109(2), pp. 89–94.
Holland, J.H. 1975. Adaptation in N atural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press, USA.
Lane, K.F. 1964. Choosing the optimum cutoff grade. Colorado School of Mines Quarterly 59(4), pp. 811–829.
Lane, K.F. 1988. The Economic Definition of Ore. Mining Journals Books Ltd., L ondon, UK.

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Authors and Affiliations

Erhan Cetin

e-mail:

ORCID:

Abdurrahman Dalgic

Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey

6 The effect of sulfur, temperature, the duration of the process and reductant on the selective reduction of limonite ore

Fathan Bahfie , Achmad Shofi , Ulin Herlina , Anton S. Handoko , Nanda A. Septiana , Syafriadi Syafriadi , Suharto Suharto , Sudibyo Sudibyo , Suhartono Suhartono , Fajar Nurjaman

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2022 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 123-136 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.140606

Keywords: limonite sulfur selective reduction temperature the duration of process

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Abstract

Lateritic nickel ore is used for producing of ferronickel. Nickel grade in ferronickel ranged from 20–40%. Ferronickel is commonly used to manufacture stainless steel. A new method that can increase the levels of nickel grade is selective reduction, which is a process to reduce the metal oxide to the metallic phase with the addition of additives. In this work, the selective reduction of limonitic nickel ore was carried out by add the 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% of reductant and the 10 wt% of sulfur as additive. The process of selective reduction is performed at temperatures of 950, 1050, and 1150°C with the duration of processs of 60, 90, and 120 minutes, followed by magnetic separation to separate between the concentrate and tailings. The characterization used AAS, XRD, and SEM-EDS for grade and recovery; phases transformation; and the microstructure analysis. The optimum of the grade and recovery of nickel was obtained at a temperature of 1050°C with the duration of process of 60 minutes and 5 wt% of reductant and 10 wt% of additive, which obtain 3.72 wt% and 95.67%. The metal grade and recovery was increase with the increasing of temperature reduction. Nevertheless, too long of the duration of process and too many reductant addition resulted in negative effect on selective reduction of lateritic nickel ore. Highest recovery could get more nickel in the process. And sulfur has the important rules when the selective reduction has been done on the increasing nickel content, the forming of FeS, and decreasing the grain size of ferronickel according to the microstructure in the SEM images around ~30 μm.

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Bibliography

Cao et al. 2010 – Cao, Z.C., Sun, T.C., Yang, H.F., Wang, J.J. and Wu, X.D. 2010. Recovery of iron and nickel from nickel laterite ore by direct reduction roasting and magnetic separation. Chinese Journal of Engineering 32(6), pp. 708–712, DOI: 10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2010.06.004.
Dalvi et al. 2004 – Dalvi, A.D., Bacon, W.G. and Osborne R.C. 2004. The Past and The Future of Nickel Laterites. PDAC 2004 International Conference Trade Show and Investors Exchange, Toronto, Canada.
Elliot et al. 2015 – Elliot, R., Rodrigues, F., Pickles, C.A. and Peace, J. 2015. A two-stage process for upgrading thermal nickeliferous limonitic laterite ores. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 54(4), pp. 235–252, DOI: 10.1179/1879139515Y.0000000009.
Elliot et al. 2017 – Elliot, R., Pickles, C.A. and Peace, J. 2017. Ferronickel particle formation during the carbothermic reduction of a limonitic laterite ore. Minerals Engineering 100, pp. 166–176, DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2016.10.020.
Foster et al. 2016 – Foster, J., Pickles, C.A. and Elliot, R. 2016. Microwave carbhotematic reduction roasting of low-grade ore nickeliferous silicate laterite. Minerals Engineering 88, pp. 18–27, DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2015.09.005.
Jiang et al. 2013 – Jiang, M., Sun, T., Liu, Z., Kou, J., Liu, N. and Zhang, S. 2013. Mechanism of sodium sulfate in promoting the selective reduction of nickel laterite ore during reduction roasting process. International Journal of Mineral Processing 123, pp. 32–38, DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2013.04.005.
Li et al. 2012 – Li, G., Shi, T., Rao, M., Jiang, T. and Zhang, Y. 2012. Beneficiation of nickeliferous laterite by reduction roasting in the presence of sodium sulfate. Minerals Engineering 32, pp. 19–26, DOI: 10.1016/J.MINENG.2012.03.012.
Prasetyo, A.B. and Puguh. 2011. Increased levels of nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) from laterite ore saprolite type low levels for raw materials containing nickel pig iron (NCPII/NPI). Met. Mag. 26, pp. 123–130.
Prasetyo, A.B. and Firdiyono, F.E. 2014. Reduction process optimization laterite ore limonite as raw materials type NPI (Nickel Pig Iron). Majalah Metalurgi 29(1), pp. 9–16.
Valix and Cheung. 2002. Effect of sulfur on the mineral phases of laterite ores at a high-temperature reduction. Minerals Engineering 15, pp. 523–530.
Wang et al. 2017 – Wang, Chu, Z., Liu, M., Wang, H., Zhao, W. and Gao, L. 2017. Preparing ferronickel alloy from low-grade laterite nickel ore reduction based on metallized-magnetic separation. Metals 7(8), pp. 313, DOI: 10.3390/met7080313.

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Authors and Affiliations

Fathan Bahfie

e-mail:

ORCID:

Achmad Shofi

Ulin Herlina

Anton S. Handoko

Nanda A. Septiana

Syafriadi Syafriadi

Suharto Suharto

Sudibyo Sudibyo

Suhartono Suhartono

Fajar Nurjaman

Research Unit for Mineral Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jalan Ir. Sutami Km 15 South Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
Agency for Rembang Regional Planning and Development, Rembang Local Government, Indonesia
Department of Physic-University of Lampung,Jl. Prof. Dr. Ir. Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1, Gedong Meneng, Kec. Rajabasa, Kota Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Chemical Engineering Department, University of Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jalan Terusan Jend. Sudirman, Cibeber, Kec. Cimahi Sel., Kota Cimahi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

7 An impact of modifications an Dylągówka clay on the rheological properties of its water suspensions

Wojciech Panna , Joanna Mastalska , Sebastian Prewendowski , Łukasz Wójcik

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2022 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 137-150 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.140610

Keywords: smectite-water suspensions rheological properties clay-siliceous rocks modification of smectites

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Abstract

This paper deals with the effects of modifications to clay-siliceous raw material from Dylągówka (Dynów foothills, SE Poland), which alter the rheological properties of its water suspensions. The investigations were carried out on three samples collected from various depths of the deposit as they considerably differ in their contents of smectite and other minerals. The samples were either modified with soda or activated with sulphuric (VI) acid and used to prepare their water suspensions with various contents of solids. The suspensions were subject to determinations of viscosity and flow curves. Dependencies of three variables of the suspensions (rheological properties, mineral composition of the solid phase, and the modifications introduced) were assessed on the basis of: the contents of the solid phase in the suspensions required to obtain a viscosity of 1000 mPas; hypothetical, calculated thixotropic energy. These show that the amount of solids in the water suspension required to obtain the required viscosity is considerably lower in samples with higher contents of smectite and in those activated with sodium. In turn, the acid activation that partially alters smectite towards a protonated silica gel decreases the viscosity and thixotropy of the suspensions, which was confirmed in the studies of mid-infrared spectroscopy. The conducted studies provide important information needed in designing the mineral composition of drilling fluids and others applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Panna

e-mail:

ORCID:

Joanna Mastalska

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sebastian Prewendowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Łukasz Wójcik

e-mail:

ORCID:

University of Applied Sciences in Tarnów, Poland
AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland

8 Research about building the management for mineral software. Case Study in the Tuyen Quang Province

Phi Hung Nguyen , Manh Tung Bui , Caokhai Nguyen , Thi Kim Thanh Nguyen

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2022 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 151-170 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.140604

Keywords: mineral resources state management data base software code

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Abstract

Mining industry is an important sector that produces materials for other industries, also plays an important role in economic and social development, especially in a developing country like Vietnam. However, mineral mining can destroy the environment and deplete resources over time. The biggest challenge for state managers is to balance the conflict between the mining planning, development planning of other economic sectors and environmental issues. One of the solutions is to replace backward, manual extraction tools with the application of the modern computer (Modernize government administration).
In Viet Nam, at present, the provincial management agency of mines faces up with difficult problems such as: backward management method, lowly informative level, not using the current data effectively, even some areas can manage data well but can hardly and lowly share them, the current softwares are mainly document management, most of maps are stored on paper, digital map manage is not really cared. The traditional procedure and technology needs to be innovated by the way of enhancing to synthetically manage mineral resources, this can advance speed and quality of data processing, reduce the burden on employees and raise the level of office automation. The article uses the open code ASP.NET combined with GIS (Geographic Information Systems), based on the mineral economic development planning map in Tuyen Quang province, tools for editing, storing and extracting informaion are built detailedly for activities in mines from the beginning to the end of mining process. As a result, managers and authorities can easily search information for their work.

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Authors and Affiliations

Phi Hung Nguyen

e-mail:

ORCID:

Manh Tung Bui

Caokhai Nguyen

Thi Kim Thanh Nguyen

e-mail:

ORCID:

18 VIEN, Viet Nam
University of Mining and Geology, Ha Noi, Viet Nam

9 Evaluation of the use of flotation for the separation of ground printed circuit boards

Dawid M. Franke , Umut Kar , Tomasz Suponik , Tomasz Siudyga

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2022 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 171-188 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.140605

Keywords: printed circuit boards recycling flotation recovery metals

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Abstract

The paper presents an assessment of flotation efficiency in the separation of plastics from metals derived from printed circuit boards (PCBs). The PCBs were ground in a knife mill prior to flotation. The contact angles of various materials corresponding to the grains from ground PCBs were measured, and a series of flotation tests was carried out to obtain the best product. The impact of the following parameters were investigated: the reagent and its dose, the airflow rate through the flotation tank and the feed concentration. The highest efficiency of metal recovery from PCBs was achieved for Dimethoxy dipropyleneglycol at a concentration of 157 mg/dm3 and with an airflow of 200 dm3/h and a feed concentration of <50 g/dm3. In the hydrophilic product (concentrate), it was mainly Cu (40%) and Sn (7.8%) that were identified by means of XRF, but there were also trace amounts of precious metals such as Au (0.024%), Ag (0.5797%) and Pd (149 ppm). Impurities in the form of Si (5%), Ca (3.2) and Br (2.1) were also identified in this product. Small amounts of metals in their metallic form were identified in the hydrophobic product (waste), mainly Cu (2.3), Al (1.7) and Sn (1.1). As a result of the research, high recovery ratios were obtained for Cu (93%), Sn (84), Ag (83) and Au (69). The purity of obtained metal concentrate with this method was lower in comparison with the other methods of the recovery of metals from ground PCBs for the same feed, i.e. electrostatic or gravity separation. Also considering other factors such as the environmental impact of the flotation process, the number of facilities and their energy consumption, this process should not be used in the developed metal recovery technology. Using electrostatic separation for the same feed obtained much better results.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dawid M. Franke

e-mail:

ORCID:

Umut Kar

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tomasz Suponik

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tomasz Siudyga

e-mail:

ORCID:

Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey
University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

10 Valorization of geotourist and geoheritage objects in the region of Mikołów (USCB, southern Poland)

Marek Marcisz , Łukasz Gawor , Malwina Kobylańska

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management | 2022 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 189-210 | DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2022.140609

Keywords: USCB geotourist valorization geoheritage mining heritage Mikołów

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Abstract

Skilful preservation of the cultural landscape on the basis of post-industrial facilities, including post-mining facilities and geoheritage objects, may contribute to a positive change in the functionality of abandoned or degraded sites. The article presents selected geological, geomorphological and anthropogenic objects in the vicinity of Mikołów (central part of the US CB, southern Poland). Their evaluation in the context of being the part of unique cultural landscape created by historical mining activities was carried out. The detailed geotourist valorisation of 4 selected geoheritage and mining heritage objects/sites was carried out in the scope of their current state, potential and the level of preparation for possible fulfilling the educational functions. The research outputs and valorization results presented in the article allowed to draw conclusions and formulate recommendations for the development of the analyzed geotourist objects and sites in terms of the implementation of the didactic process, characterised by specific requirements. A s a result of the performed valorization of the analyzed objects, from the point of view of the recipient (academic teacher), the best result was obtained by the Triassic limestone quarry in Mikołów Mokre, and the lowest moraine ridge in the Promna Valley. The obtained results also showed high visual and cognitive values of the objects, especially in terms of geodiversity, the dominant element and cultural connections, where the Mikołów quarry also showed the highest value. Low ratings of the utility and investment values of these objects result mainly from the state of preservation, the lack of tourist infrastructure and the lack of their promotion as an important part of the industrial and cultural heritage of the region.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Marcisz

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ORCID:

Łukasz Gawor

e-mail:

ORCID:

Malwina Kobylańska

Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Cuprum Ltd. Research & Development Centre, Wrocław, Poland

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The subject matter of the articles published in Mineral Resources Management covers issues related to minerals and raw materials, as well as mineral deposits, with particular emphasis on:

The scientific basis for mineral resources management,

The strategy and methodology of prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits,

Methods of rational management and use of deposits,

The rational exploitation of deposits and the reduction in the loss of raw materials,

Mineral resources management in processing technologies,

Environmental protection in the mining industry,

Optimization of mineral deposits and mineral resources management,

The rational use of mineral resources,

The economics of mineral resources,

The raw materials market,

Raw materials policy,

The use of accompanying minerals,

The use of secondary raw materials and waste,

Raw material recycling,

The management of waste from the mining industry.