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International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Opis

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications (IJET, eISSN 2300-1933, untill 2013 also print ISSN 2081-8491) is a periodical of Electronics and Telecommunications Committee of Polish Academy of Sciences and it is published by Warsaw Science Publishers of PAS. It continues tradition of the Electronics and Telecommunications Quarterly (ISSN 0867-6747) established in 1955 as the Rozprawy Elektrotechniczne. The IJET is a scientific periodical where papers present the results of original, theoretical, experimental and reviewed works. They consider widely recognized aspects of modern electronics, telecommunications, microelectronics, optoelectronics, radioelectronics and medical electronics.

The authors are outstanding scientists, well‐known experienced specialists as well as young researchers – mainly candidates for a doctor's degree. The papers present original approaches to problems, interesting research results, critical estimation of theories and methods, discuss current state or progress in a given branch of technology and describe development prospects. All the papers published in IJET are reviewed by international specialists who ensure that the publications are recognized as author's scientific output.

The printed periodical is distributed among all those who deal with electronics and telecommunications in national scientific centers as well as in numeral foreign institutions, and it is subscribed by many specialists and libraries. Its electronic version is available at http://ijet.pl.

The papers received are published within half a year if the cooperation between author and the editorial staff is efficient. The papers may be submitted to the editorial office by the journal web page http://ijet.pl.


Journal Metrics:

IMPACT FACTOR 2023: 0.5

CiteScore metrics from Scopus 2023: 1.5

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2023: 0.200

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2022: 0.364

Citation Indicator (JCI): 0.15

ISSN
eISSN 2300-1933 (since 2013), ISSN 2081-8491 (until 2012)
Wydawcy
Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications

Editor-in-Chief
Ryszard S. Romaniuk, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Poland

Managing Editor
Danuta Sobczak-Bartosiewicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Technical Editors
Maciej Linczuk, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Poland

Secretary in-Charge
Danuta Ojrzenska-Wojter, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Telecommunications, Poland

Administrative Assistant
Danuta Sobczak-Bartosiewicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland


Editorial Advisory Board
Prof. Victor-Valeriu Patriciu, Director Doctoral School of Electronics, Informatics and Communications for Defense and Security, Military Technical Academy Bucharest, Romania, Romania

Prof. Bart Scheers, Royal Military Academy, Belgium

Dr. Eli Winjum, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Norway

Wladyslaw Skarbek, Warsaw University of Technology, IRE, Poland

Christian Napoli, University of Catania, Italy

Rosario Giunta, University of Catania, Italy

Christopher Chiu, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Prof. Emiliano Tramontana, University of Catania, Italy

Prof Robin Braun, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Dr David Davis, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

dr Brian Culshaw, University of Strathclyde, UK, United Kingdom

Grzegorz Chmaj, University of Nevada, United States

Giuseppe Pappalardo, University of Catania, Italy

Michael Affenzeller, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria

Prof. Stavros Hatzopoulos, Laboratory of Hearing Science Audiology Dept., University of Ferrara, Italy, Italy

Prof Nikita M Ryskin, Saratov State University, Russian Federation

Prof. Adam Wolisz, Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Telecommunication Networks

Prof. Edmundo Monteiro, Departamento de Engenharia Informatica Universidade de Coimbra Portugal, Portugal

Prof. Zoubir Mammeri, IRIT, Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 FRANCE, France

Dr Paul D Polishuk, IGI, Boston, MA, USA

Giuseppe Macchiarella, Politecnico di Milano,Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Italy

Prof. Bernd Steinbach, Bergakademie Freiberg Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik Institut, Germany

Jan Szmidt, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Zenon Chaczko, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Józef Modelski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Wiesław Woliński, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Ryszard Klempous, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland

Radomir Stanković, University of Niš, Serbia

Javier Poncela, University of Malaga, Spain

Marek Turowski, CFD Research Corporation, United States

Dawid Zydek, NV Energy, United States

Wojciech Szpankowski, Purdue University, United States

Jacek Żurada, University of Louisville, United States

Tadeusz Luba, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Stefan Hahn, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Gilbert De Mey, Ghent University, Belgium

Svetlana Yanushkevich, University of Calgary, Canada

Viktor Krozer, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

Adam Morawiec, European Electronic Chips & Systems Design Initiative, France

Herman Rohling, Technical University of Hamburg, Germany

Franco Davoli, University of Genowa, Italy

Michał Mrozowski, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland

Włodzimierz Janke, Koszalin University of Technology, Poland</

Principal Contact
Ryszard S. Romaniuk
Professor
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, room 217, Nowowiejska 15/19, Warsaw 00-665, Poland
Phone: +48222345110
Fax: +48228252300
Email: ryszard.romaniuk@pw.edu.pl

Support Contact
Danuta Bartosiewicz
Email: danuta.bartosiewicz@pw.edu.pl

 

 

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.


The journal content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


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Zawartość

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2

1 High Frequency Rule Synthesis in a Large Scale Multiple Database with MapReduce
Sudhanshu Shekhar Bisoyi , Pragnyaban Mishra , Saroja Nanda Mishra
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 177-186 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139865
Słowa kluczowe: Multiple Database Frequent Itemset Association Rule Rule Synthesis MapReduce HDFS
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Abstrakt

Increasing development in information and communication technology leads to the generation of large amount of data from various sources. These collected data from multiple sources grows exponentially and may not be structurally uniform. In general, these are heterogeneous and distributed in multiple databases. Because of large volume, high velocity and variety of data mining knowledge in this environment becomes a big data challenge. Distributed Association Rule Mining(DARM) in these circumstances becomes a tedious task for an effective global Decision Support System(DSS). The DARM algorithms generate a large number of association rules and frequent itemset in the big data environment. In this situation synthesizing highfrequency rules from the big database becomes more challenging. Many algorithms for synthesizing association rule have been proposed in multiple database mining environments. These are facing enormous challenges in terms of high availability, scalability, efficiency, high cost for the storage and processing of large intermediate results and multiple redundant rules. In this paper, we have proposed a model to collect data from multiple sources into a big data storage framework based on HDFS. Secondly, a weighted multi-partitioned method for synthesizing high-frequency rules using MapReduce programming paradigm has been proposed. Experiments have been conducted in a parallel and distributed environment by using commodity hardware. We ensure the efficiency, scalability, high availability and costeffectiveness of our proposed method.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Sudhanshu Shekhar Bisoyi
1
Pragnyaban Mishra
2
Saroja Nanda Mishra
3
  1. Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Siksha ’O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University (SOA), Institute of Technical Education and Research (ITER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
  2. Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, AP, India
  3. Dept. of CSE&A, IGIT, Sarang, Dhenkanal, Odisha, India
2 Enhancing IoT Performance via Using Mobility Aware for Dynamic RPL Routing Protocol Technique (MA-RPL)
Ahmed R. Zarzoor
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 187-191 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139866
Słowa kluczowe: Internet of Things (IoTs) Routing Protocol for Lowpower and Lossy Networks (RPL) Mobility Aware (MA-RPL) Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA)
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Abstrakt

Nodes' aware-mobility in the Internet of Things (IoTs) stills open defy for researchers, due to the dynamic changing of routing path and networks’ resource limitations. Therefore, in this study a new method is proposed called Mobility Aware - “Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks” (MARPL), that consists of two phases: in the first phase splitting the entire network into sub areas based on reference nodes with “Time Difference of Arrival” (TDoA) technique. While, the second phase, is about managing mobile nodes (MNs) in RPL according to the sub areas' ID. The Cooja simulator software has been used to implement and assess MA-RPL method performance, according to the data packet metrics (lost packet, packet delivery ratio PDR), latency and nodes' power usage in comparison with two methods: Corona (Co-RPL) and Mobility Enhanced (ME-RPL). The simulation results have been shown that the MA-RPL method consumes less nodes' energy usage, gives less latency with minimum data packet loss in comparison with Co-RPL and MERPL.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ahmed R. Zarzoor
1
  1. Directorate of Inspection, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
3 Estimation of Asymmetry in Head Related Transfer Functions
Maciej Jasiński , Jan Żera
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 193-200 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139867
Słowa kluczowe: acoustics sound processing virtual reality spatial sound Head Related Transfer Functions
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Abstrakt

The individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) typically show large left-right ear differences. This work evaluates HRTF left-right differences by means of the rms measure called the Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD). The RMSD was calculated for HRTFs measured with the participation of a group of 15 subjects in our laboratory, for the HRTFs taken from the LISTEN database and for the acoustic manikin. The results showed that the RMSD varies in relation to the frequency and as expected is small for more symmetrical HRTFs at low frequencies (0.3÷1 kHz). For higher frequency bands (1÷5 kHz and above 5 kHz), the left-right differences are higher as an effect of the complex filtering caused by anatomical shape of the head and the pinnae. Results obtained for the subjects and for data taken from the LISTEN database were similar, whereas different for the acoustic manikin. This means that measurements with the use of the manikin cannot be considered as perfect average representation of the results obtained for people. The method and results of this study may be useful in assessing the symmetry of the HRTFs, and further analysis and improvement of how to considered the HRTFs individualization and personalization algorithms.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Maciej Jasiński
1
Jan Żera
1
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
4 Study on Metamaterial-based Bio-inspired Microstrip Antenna Array for 5G Enabled Mobile Health Technology
John Colaco , Jillian Cotta
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 201-207 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139868
Słowa kluczowe: microstrip antenna bio-inspired array split-ring resonators metamaterial 5G
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Abstrakt

5G is a fifth-generation wireless technology that enables extremely fast data transfers and massive connection capacity. Existing Mobile health technology requires more reliable connection power and data transfer rates. The purpose of this research is to design, analyse, and compare the performance of a bio-inspired lotus-shaped microstrip patch antenna array with two to three radiating elements. The proposed antenna utilizes proximity coupled indirect microstrip transmission line feeding technique operating in the 24 GHz-30 GHz frequency band. The results indicate that performance continues to improve as the number of radiating elements increases. Moreover, each radiating element is loaded with complementary and non-complementary split-ring resonators (SRRs). The performance of the proposed microstrip antenna array is then analysed and compared with and without split-ring resonators. The findings validate that the proposed bio-inspired metamaterial-based microstrip patch array antenna is more reliable and performs better than an antenna without SRRs.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

John Colaco
1
Jillian Cotta
1
  1. Goa College of Engineering, Farmagudi, Ponda, Goa, India
5 Dual-band Textile AMC Antenna for WLAN/WBAN Applications on the Human Arm
Wahida Bouamra , Imen Sfar , Ameni Mersani , Lotfi Osman , Jean-Marc Ribero
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 209-216 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139869
Słowa kluczowe: wearable antenna dual-band antenna AMC SAR WLAN human body models WBAN
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Abstrakt

This article presents a low-profile and flexible dualband AMC Antenna operating at 2.45/ 5.8 GHz for wireless local area network (WLAN) on-body antenna applications using textile materials. A dual-band artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure with a dual hexagonal shape was used to reduce back radiation, therefore specific absorption rate (SAR), and improve the antenna performance parameters. To study the antenna/body interaction, a suitable comprehension and detailed studies of the wave propagation in the vicinity of the human arm in different meteorological conditions were carried out to demonstrate the effects of the skin condition on the antenna performance parameters. The simulation and measurement results indicate that electromagnetic communication on wet skin is viable. Acceptable SAR values were obtained, revealing that the body is well immune from the antenna electromagnetic radiation in functional wearable conditions. The proposed wearable AMC antenna provided engaging simulation and measurement results. It satisfies users' comfort and safety properties, making it a good candidate for WLAN/WBAN applications.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Wahida Bouamra
1
Imen Sfar
1
Ameni Mersani
1
Lotfi Osman
2
Jean-Marc Ribero
3
  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
  2. Higher School of Communication of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
  3. University Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Sophia Antipolis, France
6 Design and Performance Analysis of a Triple-band Rectangular Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX and Satellite Applications
Md. Biplob Hossain , Md. Faruque Hossain
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 217-222 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139870
Słowa kluczowe: wireless communication triple band antenna gain directivity transmission power link budget
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Abstrakt

A triple-band microstrip patch antenna is presented in this article with detail investigation of its working mechanism and performance characteristics. The antenna consists of a rectangular slot on the patch to achieve multiband operation. Three distinct frequencies of 2.4 GHz, 5.5 GHz and 7.5 GHz are achieved with return losses of 27 dB, 29 dB and 29 dB respectively. The Impedance Bandwidths are 70 MHz (2.52 GHz-2.44 GHz) at 2.4 GHz, 220 MHz (5.65 GHz-5.43 GHz) at 5.5 GHz and 250 MHz (7.57 GHz-7.32 GHz) at 7.5 GHz, which satisfy the requirements of Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX and satellite communications bands. The fabricated prototype of the antenna has total dimension of 53×53×1.6 mm3 over FR4 substrate. The antenna is simple and has sensible radiation characteristics with considerable gain. This work also focuses on developing a Link Budget model for its application in satellite communication. Most notably, it examines overall system efficiency and optimum path loss, distance analysis, system noise temperature, signal to noise power ratio, the size of antenna and the overall customer satisfactions. The highest gain of the antenna is achieved as 3.5 dB in the band (5.65 GHz-5.43 GHz), while the highest directivity and bandwidth are found as 8.7 dBi and 250 MHz respectively in the higher operating band. The affordable agreement between the simulated and measuring outcomes justifies that the antenna is often applicable for Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), Wi-MAX (5.25 – 5.85 GHz) and satellite (7.24 – 7.57 GHz) communications.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Md. Biplob Hossain
1
Md. Faruque Hossain
1
  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh
7 Band Notch Characteristics Reconfigurable UWB Leaf Shape Monopole Antenna
Pachiyaannan Muthusamy , Srikanta Nallapaneni , Krishna Chaitanya Perumalla , Bharghava Punna
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 223-228 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139871
Słowa kluczowe: Band Notch PIN diode leaf shape monopole antenna reconfigurable UWB
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Abstrakt

In this paper a band notch characteristics reconfigurable UWB leaf shape monopole antenna is reported. The proposed antenna size is 42×32×1.6 mm3 and simulated S11 -10dB impedance bandwidth is from 2.1 to 13.0 GHz. The notch bands are embodied into the designed antenna to suppress Bluetooth and WiFi bands from 2.3-2.7 GHz and 4.6-5.3 GHz. The PIN Diode is loaded to slot on the DGS to achieve notch bands. It has 4.48dB and 1.7dB gain achieved when diode ON and OFF condition. Further, it encompasses a bio-inspired leaf shape patch having high feasibility for deployment in secret and military purposes.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Pachiyaannan Muthusamy
1
Srikanta Nallapaneni
2
Krishna Chaitanya Perumalla
2
Bharghava Punna
2
  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Advanced RF Microwave & Wireless Communication Laboratory, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Andhra Pradesh, India
  2. Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering, Advanced RF Microwave & Wireless CommunicationLaboratory, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research(Deemed to be University), Andhra Pradesh, India
8 Analysis of a Compact 4-shaped Annular Ring Ultra Wideband Antenna Using Characteristic Modes
Bhaskara Rao Perli , A. Maheswara Rao
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 229–235 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139872
Słowa kluczowe: characteristic modes multiple-strips annular-ring surface currents UWB Antenna tapered structure
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Abstrakt

This communication proposes a compact 4-shaped monopole annular ring UWB antenna design. The proposed structure contains multiple radiating strips inside the annular ring, in the form of a 4-shaped and a 50Ω microstrip feed line. A tapered structure with a feed point is chosen to achieve wideband characteristics. The proposed model is printed on a low-priced FR4 substrate with a size of 0.180λ 0 × 0.225λ 0 (20 × 25mm 2). The proposed model achieves a fractional bandwidth of 133.74% in the 2.7 to 13.6 GHz range with S11<-10dB and covers the 3.1-10.6 GHz unlicensed band approved by FCC in 2002 and X-band applications. The antenna exhibits stable and Omni-directional radiation patterns in the operating frequency range. The analysis of the proposed monopole antenna using characteristic modes is performed to obtain a physical understanding of the radiation process occurring on the radiating antenna. The modal significance curves and the modal current distributions are used to analyze the radiating antenna using the first six characteristic modes. The measurement and simulation results show a good agreement.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bhaskara Rao Perli
1
A. Maheswara Rao
2
  1. Research Scholar, ECE Department, JNTUA, Anantapur, India
  2. ECE Department, PBRVITS, Kavali, India
9 Construction of Generalized Rademacher Functions in Terms of Ternary Logic: Solving the Problem of Visibility of Using Galois Fields for Digital Signal Processing
Elizaveta S. Vitulyova , Dinara K. Matrassulova , Ibragim E. Suleimenov
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 237-244 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139873
Słowa kluczowe: digital signal processing non-binary Galois fields Fourier transform Rademacher functions Walsh function multivalued logic visibility problem algebraic extensions ternary representation of a number
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Abstrakt

Generalized Rademacher functions, constructed as a sequence of elements of Galois fields are intended to find the spectral representation of signals with levels. These functions form a complete basis on the interval corresponding to -1 discrete time intervals and for passing into the classical Rademacher functions. The advantage of such spectra obtained using Galois Fields Fourier Transform is that the range of variation of the spectrum amplitudes remains the same as the range of variation of the original signal, which is modeled on discrete time functions taking values in the Galois field.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Elizaveta S. Vitulyova
1
Dinara K. Matrassulova
2
Ibragim E. Suleimenov
3
  1. Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after Gumarbek Daukeyev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
  2. Almaty Universityof Power Engineering and Telecommunications named after GumarbekDaukeyev, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
  3. National Engineering Academy of Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
10 Fuzzy Logic Based Intelligent Data Sensitive Security Model for Big Data in Healthcare
Somya Dubey , Dhanraj Verma
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 245-250 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139874
Słowa kluczowe: microstrip patch adaptive antennas parabolic reflector beamforming antenna arrays smart antenna
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Abstrakt

An intelligent security model for the big data environment is presented in this paper. The proposed security framework is data sensitive in nature and the level of security offered is defined on the basis of the data secrecy standard. The application area preferred in this work is the healthcare sector where the amount of data generated through the digitization and aggregation of medical equipment’s readings and reports is huge. The handling and processing of this great amount of data has posed a serious challenge to the researchers. The analytical outcomes of the study of this data are further used for the advancement of the medical prognostics and diagnostics. Security and privacy of this data is also a very important aspect in healthcare sector and has been incorporated in the healthcare act of many countries. However, the security level implemented conventionally is of same level to the complete data which not a smart strategy considering the varying level of sensitivity of data. It is inefficient for the data of high sensitivity and redundant for the data of low sensitivity. An intelligent data sensitive security framework is therefore proposed in this paper which provides the security level best suited for the data of given sensitivity. Fuzzy logic decision making technique is used in this work to determine the security level for a respective sensitivity level. Various patient attributes are used to take the intelligent decision about the security level through fuzzy inference system. The effectiveness and the efficacy of the proposed work is verified through the experimental study.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Somya Dubey
1
Dhanraj Verma
1
  1. Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore, India
11 An Ensemble of Statistical Metadata and CNN Classification of Class Imbalanced Skin Lesion Data
Sachin Nayak , Shweta Vincent , Sumathi K , Om Prakash Kumar , Sameena Pathan
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 251-257 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139875
Słowa kluczowe: classification Convolutional Neural Networks Ensemble Learning machine learning metadata
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Abstrakt

Skin Cancer is one of the most widely present forms of cancer. The correct classification of skin lesions as malignant or benign is a complex process that has to be undertaken by experienced specialists. Another major issue of the class imbalance of data causes a bias in the results of classification. This article presents a novel approach to the usage of metadata of skin lesions' images to classify them. The usage of techniques addresses the problem of class imbalance to nullify the imbalances. Further, the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to finetune the skin lesion data classification. Ultimately, it is proven that an ensemble of statistical metadata analysis and CNN usage would result in the highest accuracy of skin color classification instead of using the two techniques separately.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Sachin Nayak
1
Shweta Vincent
1
Sumathi K
2
Om Prakash Kumar
3
Sameena Pathan
4
  1. Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
  2. Department of Mathematics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
  3. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
  4. Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
12 Influence of IQT on research in ICT
Bogdan J. Bednarski , Łukasz E. Lepak , Jakub J. Łyskawa , Paweł Pieńczuk , Maciej Rosoł , Ryszard S. Romaniuk
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 259-266 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139876
Słowa kluczowe: ICT control theory IQT Information Quantum Technologies Quantum 2.0 applications of IQT quantum systems qubit neural networks quantum time series forecasting Quantum Reinforcement Learning
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Abstrakt

This paper is written by a group of Ph.D. students pursuing their work in different areas of ICT, outside the direct area of Information Quantum Technologies IQT. An ambitious task was undertaken to research, by each co-author, a potential practical influence of the current IQT development on their current work. The research of co-authors span the following areas of ICT: CMOS for IQT, QEC, quantum time series forecasting, IQT in biomedicine. The intention of the authors is to show how quickly the quantum techniques can penetrate in the nearest future other, i.e. their own, areas of ICT.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bogdan J. Bednarski
1
Łukasz E. Lepak
1
Jakub J. Łyskawa
1
Paweł Pieńczuk
1
Maciej Rosoł
1
Ryszard S. Romaniuk
1
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
13 Millimeter-Wave Transmitter with LTCC Antenna and Silicon Lens
Paweł Bajurko , Jakub Sobolewski , Grzegorz Bogdan , Konrad Godziszewski , Jacek Marczewski , Jan Kulawik , Michał Widlok , Yevhen Yashchyshyn
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 267-273 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139877
Słowa kluczowe: antenna-in-package LTCC circuits and modules millimeter-waves RF modules RFIC and MMIC packaging silicon lenses
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Abstrakt

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) transmitters are often fabricated using advanced technology and require a sophisticated manufacturing facility. Access to such technologies is often very limited and difficult to gain particularly at the initial stage of research. Therefore, to increase the accessibility of mm-wave transmitters, this study proposes a design that can be assembled in a standard microwave laboratory from commercially available or externally ordered components. The transmitter demonstrated in this paper operates above 100 GHz and is based on a lowtemperature co-fired ceramic board in which the antenna array, microstrip lines, and power-supply lines are fabricated in a single process. Different technologies are used to assemble the module, e.g., wire-bonding, soldering, and wax adhesion. Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed design are given based on experimental evaluation of the prototype. Although the performance of the developed transmitter is not as good as that of the similar modules available in the recent literature, the results confirm the feasibility of a mm-wave transmitter that is assembled without employing advanced technologies and superior machinery.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Paweł Bajurko
1
Jakub Sobolewski
1
Grzegorz Bogdan
1
Konrad Godziszewski
1
Jacek Marczewski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Kulawik
2
Michał Widlok
3
Yevhen Yashchyshyn
1
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Warsaw, Poland
  3. SIRC Sp. z o.o., Gdynia, Poland
14 Compact Transverse Electric Silicon-on-Insulator Mode Converter for Mode-Division Multiplexer
Mohamed H. Sharaf , Mohamed B. El-Mashade , Ahmed A. Emran
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 275-280 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139878
Słowa kluczowe: integrated optics silicon-on-insulator waveguide WDM & MDM systems perturbation theory integrated optical devices hybrid modes guided waves
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Abstrakt

On-chip optical-interconnect technology emerges as an attractive approach due to its ultra-large bandwidth and ultra-low power consumption. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wire waveguides, on the other hand, have been identified to potentially replace copper wires for intra-chip communication. To take advantage of the wide bandwidth of SOI waveguides, wavelengthdivision multiplexing (WDM) has been implemented. However, WDM have inherent drawbacks. Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is a viable alternative to WDM in MIMO photonic circuits on SOI as it requires only one carrier wavelength to operate. In this vein, mode converters are key components in on-chip MDM systems. The goal of this paper is to introduce a transverse electric mode converter. The suggested device can convert fundamental transverse electric modes to first-order transverse electric ones and vice versa. It is based on small material perturbation which introduces gradual coupling between different modes. This device is very simple and highly compact; the size of which is 3 μm2. Mathematical expressions for both the insertion loss and crosstalk are derived and optimized for best performance. In addition, three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulations are performed in order to verify the mathematical model of the device. Our numerical results reveal that the proposed device has an insertion loss of 1.2 dB and a crosstalk of 10.1 dB. The device’s insertion loss can be decreased to 0.95 dB by adding tapers to its material perturbation.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mohamed H. Sharaf
1
Mohamed B. El-Mashade
1
Ahmed A. Emran
1
  1. Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
15 Study of Capacitor & Diode Aging effects on Output Ripple in Voltage Regulators and Prognostic Detection of Failure
Preethi Sharma K , T. Vijayakumar
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 281-286 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139879
Słowa kluczowe: buck MOSFET ESR SMPS voltage ripple
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Abstrakt

Objectives: To design and simulate a buck converter and detector circuit which can prognostically indicate the power supply failure. Failure of Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor (AEC) is considered as the parameter causing the power supply failure. To analyse variation of output ripple voltage due to possible changes in the Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and effective capacitance of the capacitor and design a detector to detect the failure of power supply prognostically.
Methods: A DC-DC buck converter in SMPS topology is designed by assuming an input voltage of 12V with 3 volts possible fluctuations and an output voltage of 3.3 volts is desired. Simulation is carried out to measure the variation in output ripple voltage caused due to aging of electrolytic capacitor using TINA by Texas Instruments. A detector is also designed to compare the ripple voltage and a predefined threshold voltage so as to indicate the possible failure of Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) well in advance by monitoring the output ripple increase.
Novelty: Having a fault tolerant power supply is very important in safety critical applications. Here by monitoring the output ripple variation, the degradation of AEC is predicted by calculating the ESR and capacitance variation. This simple yet effective prognostic detection will support in the design of fault tolerant power supplies.
Highlight: It is found that, the ripple at the output increases with aging of the electrolytic capacitor, as with time the equivalent capacitance decreases and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of the capacitor increases. The designed detector output is found to prognostically indicate the failure of SMPS.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Preethi Sharma K
1
T. Vijayakumar
1
  1. Department of ECE, SJB Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India
16 An Efficient MEMS Sensor Modelling by Geometrical Parameter Optimization
Vaishali Sanjay Kulkarni , Suvarna Sandip Chorage
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 287-291 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139880
Słowa kluczowe: virtual IDE modelling MEMS sensor optimization ANSYS modeling and applications
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Abstrakt

Numerous technological applications use MEMS capacitive sensing technique as a major component, because of their ease of fabrication process, inexpensive and high sensitivity. The paper aims at modeling interdigitated capacitive (IDC) sensing. Virtually observe the contribution of variations in geometrical parameters to sensor efficiency and optimization factor. The sensor design is verified through ANSYS simulations. Results indicate “an efficient but poorly optimized sensor is better than a well-optimized sensor”. It is difficult to detect capacitance in the range of few pF generated using capacitive sensing. How it can be maximized with dimension optimization is focused in this paper.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Vaishali Sanjay Kulkarni
1
Suvarna Sandip Chorage
2
  1. Department of E&TC at AISSMSIOIT-Pune,India
  2. Department of E&TC at BVCOEW-Pune, India
17 MyLib: Smart Library Indoor Navigation Using Bluetooth Low Energy with Triangulation Method
Tri Nopiani Damayanti , Dadan Nur Ramadan , Indah Mutia Utami
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 293-298 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139881
Słowa kluczowe: Indoor Navigation BLE RSSI triangulation
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Abstrakt

This paper proposes an android-based application to help the users to navigate in finding books in the library easily and interactively. This navigation application is connected to a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) device that will emit an RSSI signal received by the Smartphone user and show the desired distance to the bookshelf position. The method of triangulation and mean filter were used to eliminate noise in the test environment to make the position of the bookshelf can be found precisely based on the RSSI BLE Beacon value. The test results showed the largest RSSI value for LOS conditions at -48dBm and NLOS at -63 dBm; while the lowest RRSI values for LOS conditions was at -84dBm and NLOS was at -96dBm.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tri Nopiani Damayanti
1
Dadan Nur Ramadan
1
Indah Mutia Utami
1
  1. School of Applied Science, Telkom University, Indonesia
18 A Comprehensive Review of the Quadratic High Gain DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell Application
Divya Navamani Jayachandran , Jagabar Sathik , Tanmay Padhi , Aditi Kumari
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 299-306 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139882
Słowa kluczowe: fuel cell electric vehicle quadratic
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Abstrakt

In the recent times, lot of research work carried out in the field of fuel cells explicitly divulges that it has the potential to be an ultimate power source in upcoming years. The fuel cell has more storing capacity, which enables to use in heavy power applications. In these applications, power conditioning is more vital to regulate the output voltage. Hence, we need a dc-dc converter to provide a constant regulated output voltage for such high-power system. Currently, many new converters were designed and implemented as per the requirement. This paper has made comparative study on several topologies of the quadratic high gain dc-dc converter and the applications where these topologies can be used when the fuel cell is given as a source. Also, we have compared various parameters of all the converters considered and generated the results with steady-state and dynamic study. In this article, we briefed the types of analysis carried on the dc-dc converter to study its performance. Moreover, various application of fuel cell is presented and discussed. This paper will be a handbook to the researchers who start to work on high gain dc-dc converter topologies with quadratic boost converter as a base. This article will also guide the engineers to concentrate on the fuel cell components where it needs to be explored for optimizing its operation.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Divya Navamani Jayachandran
1
Jagabar Sathik
2
Tanmay Padhi
1
Aditi Kumari
1
  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Chennai, India
  2. Renewable Energy Lab, Prince Sultan University,11586, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
19 An Efficient Two-phase Clocked Sequential Multiply -Accumulator Unit for Image Blurring
Rashmi Samanth , Subramanya G. Nayak
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 307-313 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139883
Słowa kluczowe: Multiply-accumulator (MAC) unit modified sequential multiplier finite state machine (FSM) two-phase clockin carry-save adder (CSA) image blurring
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Abstrakt

The multiply-accumulator (MAC) unit is the basic integral computational block in every digital image and digital signal processor. As the demand grows, it is essential to design these units in an efficient manner to build a successful processor. By considering this into account, a power-efficient, high-speed MAC unit is presented in this paper. The proposed MAC unit is a combination of a two-phase clocked modified sequential multiplier and a carry-save adder (CSA) followed by an accumulator register. A novel two-phase clocked modified sequential multiplier is introduced in the multiplication stage to reduce the power and computation time. For image blurring, these multiplier and adder blocks are subsequently incorporated into the MAC unit. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed design reduced the power consumption by 52% and improved the computation time by 4% than the conventional architectures. The developed MAC unit is implemented using 180 nm standard CMOS technology using CADENCE RTL compiler, synthesized using XILINX ISE and the image blurring effect is analyzed using MATLAB.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Rashmi Samanth
1
Subramanya G. Nayak
1
  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576 104, India
20 The Problem of Aliasing and Folding Effects in Spectrum of Sampled Signals in View of Information Theory
Andrzej Borys
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 315-322 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139884
Słowa kluczowe: signal sampling modeling of sampled signal in the time domain signal information content spectrum aliasing and folding Banach–Tarski-like paradox in signal sampling
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Abstrakt

In this paper, the problem of aliasing and folding effects in spectrum of sampled signals in view of Information Theory is discussed. To this end, the information content of deterministic continuous time signals, which are continuous functions, is formulated first. Then, this notion is extended to the sampled versions of these signals. In connection with it, new signal objects that are partly functions but partly not are introduced. It is shown that they allow to interpret correctly what the Whittaker– Shannon reconstruction formula in fact does. With help of this tool, the spectrum of the sampled signal is correctly calculated. The result achieved demonstrates that no aliasing and folding effects occur in the latter. Finally, it is shown that a Banach–Tarski-like paradox can be observed on the occasion of signal sampling.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej Borys
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Marine Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
21 Development of Blood Glucose Monitoring System using Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques
Angel Thomas , Sangeeta Palekar , Jayu Kalambe
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 323-328 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139885
Słowa kluczowe: glucose image processing machine learning colorimetry
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Abstrakt

Glucose concentration measurement is essential for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of various medical conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, etc. This paper presents a novel image-processing and machine learning based approach for glucose concentration measurement. Experimentation based on Glucose oxidase - peroxidase (GOD/POD) method has been performed to create the database. Glucose in the sample reacts with the reagent wherein the concentration of glucose is detected using colorimetric principle. Colour intensity thus produced, is proportional to the glucose concentration and varies at different levels. Existing clinical chemistry analyzers use spectrophotometry to estimate the glucose level of the sample. Instead, this developed system uses simplified hardware arrangement and estimates glucose concentration by capturing the image of the sample. After further processing, its Saturation (S) and Luminance (Y) values are extracted from the captured image. Linear regression based machine learning algorithm is used for training the dataset consists of saturation and luminance values of images at different concentration levels. Integration of machine learning provides the benefit of improved accuracy and predictability in determining glucose level. The detection of glucose concentrations in the range of 10–400 mg/dl has been evaluated. The results of the developed system were verified with the currently used spectrophotometry based Trace40 clinical chemistry analyzer. The deviation of the estimated values from the actual values was found to be around 2- 3%.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Angel Thomas
1
Sangeeta Palekar
1
Jayu Kalambe
1
  1. Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering & Management, India
22 Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network using Chinese Remainder Theorem
Sanu Thomas , Thomaskutty Mathew
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 329-336 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139886
Słowa kluczowe: Chinese Remainder Theorem Authenticated Aggregation Augmented Chinese Remainder System TDMA Schedule Uplink Path Relay Nodes
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Abstrakt

A new method of lossless Secure Data Aggregation for Wireless Sensor Network is presented. Secure Data Aggregation is achieved using the popular Chinese Remainder theorem. Here, an ‘Augmented Chinese Remainder System’ is introduced that incorporates additional features to enforce a higher level of security to the aggregated data. The scheme provides inbuilt signature verification and eliminates the need for separate data validation algorithms. The method achieves data integrity and authentication simultaneously in addition to lossless data aggregation for the data forwarded from the Cluster Head to the Base Station. The aggregate contains the entire individual data from sensors in the encrypted form and the receiver deaggregates it to get the original data in full without any loss. The Augmented Chinese Remainder System can be extended to secure Multi-level Data Aggregation for WSN.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Sanu Thomas
1
Thomaskutty Mathew
2
  1. Faculty of School of Technology and Applied Science, Pullarikkunnu Campus, Mallooseery, Kottayam, Kerala, India
  2. Faculty of School of Science, GITAM University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
23 The Performance Evaluation of NOMA for 5G Systems Using Automatic Deployment of Multi Users
Suprith P. G , Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 337-342 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139887
Słowa kluczowe: NOMA OMA ERGOTIC SUM RATE Bits per Channel Use (BPCU) Outage performance Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) Channel State Information (CSI)
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Abstrakt

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) in the fifth generation (5G) system is one of the optimistic technologies for wireless radio access networks. Compared to orthogonal multiple accesses (OMA) reduce the spectral efficiency; NOMA provides the best solution by increasing the data rates. This study evaluates NOMA with a downlink in the automatic deployment of multiusers. The outage performance and ergotic sum-rate gain give the NOMA better performance can be concluded at the final results. NOMA provides the Quality of Service (QoS) to the multi-users by considering the power allocation and data rate factors. Here is considered the outage probability will be 1 when it identifies the different user and allocates the data rate and power.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Suprith P. G
1
Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed
2
  1. REVA University, Bangalore, and Karnataka, India
  2. School of Multidisciplinary, REVA University, Bangalore, and Karnataka, India
24 Characterization of Propagation Models at 5G Network and Effects of SAR on Human Brain
Nawal Al-Aamri , Zia Nadir , Mohammed Bait-Suwailam , Hassan Al-Lawati
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 343-349 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139888
Słowa kluczowe: pathloss prediction 5G RMSE CI model ABG model SAR
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Abstrakt

Nowadays, the world is turning into technology, fast internet and high signal quality. To ensure high signal quality, the network planners have to predict the pathloss and signal strength of the transmitted signal at specific distances in the design stage. The aim of this research is to provide a generalized pathloss model to suit the urban area in Muscat Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. The research covers 5G network pathloss in the Muttrah Business District (MBD) area. It includes Close In (CI) model and Alpha Beta Gamma (ABG) model with 3.45GHz. The results of 5G models were compared with real experimental data in MBD by calculating Root Mean Square Error RMSE. Other cells at MBD area were used for reverification. To validate the modified pathloss models of 5G, they were applied at different cells in Alkhoud area. Furthermore, this paper also deals the effect of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) on the human brain for ensuring safety due to close proximity to cell towers. The SAR values were calculated indirectly from the electric field strength of different antennas. Calculated results were compared with the international standards defined limits on the human brain.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Nawal Al-Aamri
1
Zia Nadir
1
Mohammed Bait-Suwailam
1
Hassan Al-Lawati
1
  1. ECE Dept. at College of Engineering at SQU, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
25 QoS Extensions for Flow-Awareness Networks
Sylwester Kaczmarek , Maciej Wolff
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 2 | 351-357 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139889
Słowa kluczowe: FSA flow network QoS MBAC simulation
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Abstrakt

The paper contains a description and research results of the proposal for distributed QoS extensions for Flow-Based Networking. These QoS extensions let the network accept or reject flows based on current network load and QoS promises for each of the flows. Proposed solution consists of two distributed components, each of them performing in every node, measurement system and access control. The solution could be applied in any network architecture that is able to distinguish flows and routers in this architecture contains flow state table. Proposed approach was verified by simulation, in FSA architecture. Verification was done for six different network structures servicing two traffic classes (MRS, ARS). The results of the simulation tests have confirmed that the average time delay and packet loss ratio in the network with proposed extensions are below thresholds and meet the requirements recommended by ITU-T.
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Sylwester Kaczmarek
1
Maciej Wolff
1
  1. Department of Teleinformation Networks, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland

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