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LINGUISTICA SILESIANA

LINGUISTICA SILESIANA

Description

Linguistica Silesiana is an international journal of linguistic studies. It will carry articles in English, French, German and occasionally in other languages. Two issues per year are published. We welcome articles on the full range of linguistic and philological subfields, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, stylistics, metrics, language contact, and change.


Linguistica Silesiana has been indexed in Scopus database since 2011.


Linguistica Silesiana is included in the List of Scientific Journals of The Ministry of Science and Higher Education with 70 points.


Journal Metrics:

CiteScore metrics from Scopus 2022: 0.2

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2022: 0.101

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2022: 0.047

ISSN
ISSN 0208-4228
Publishers
Polska Akademia Nauk • Oddział w Katowicach

EDITORIAL BOARD

  • Paola Attolino - University of Salerno, Italy
  • Wiesław Banyś - University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  • Bogusław Bierwiaczonek - Jan Dlugosz University, Częstochowa, Poland
  • Michael Bilynsky - University of Lviv, Ukraine
  • Krzysztof Bogacki - University of Warsaw, Poland
  • Jan Čermák - Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
  • Bożena Cetnarowska - University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  • Magdalena Charzyńska-Wójcik - John Paul II Catholic University, Lublin, Poland
  • Danuta Gabryś-Barker - University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  • Piotr Kakietek - University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  • Marcin Krygier - Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
  • Andrzej Łyda - University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  • Elżbieta Mańczak-Wohlfeld - Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
  • John G. Newman - University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, USA
  • Jerzy Nykiel - University of Bergen, Norway
  • Marc van Oostendorp - Radbound University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  • Tadeusz Piotrowski - University of Wrocław, Poland
  • Czesława Schatte - Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
  • Piotr Stalmaszczyk - University of Lodz, Poland

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF:


Rafał Molencki, Institute of Linguistics, University of Silesia in Katowice



CO-EDITORS:


Artur Kijak, Institute of Linguistics, University of Silesia in Katowice

Anna Majer, Institute of Linguistics, University of Silesia in Katowice

FOUNDING EDITOR:


Kazimierz Polański 

Articles for publication should be submitted electronically in the .docx format as an email attachment to: linguistica.silesiana@us.edu.pl

Editor

Rafał Molencki

e-mail: rafal.molencki@us.edu.pl


Co-Editors

Artur Kijak

e-mail: artur.kijak@us.edu.pl

Anna Majer

e-mail: anna.majer@us.edu.pl

Institute of Linguistics

University of Silesia

ul. gen. Stefana Grota-Roweckiego 5

41-205 Sosnowiec

Poland

tel. (32) 3640 828

fax. (32) 3640 830

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Content

LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1

1 Seeing it in More Than One Way – Can the Categories of Count and Mass Nouns in English Be Seen as Prototype Categories?
Grzegorz Drożdż
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 7-27 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2025.155071
Keywords: category corpus analysis count and mass nouns prototype effects semantic extension
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Abstract

This article advances a specific approach to the categories of count and mass nouns in English. The proposal is to treat them as prototype categories, that is, as revealing the prototype effects (e.g. Geeraerts 2006 [1989]). The article aims to check whether such an approach is viable, and what consequences it would have, e.g. which nouns would instantiate the prototypes, and which would be marginal for the categories. This is done through an analysis of 30 count and 30 mass nouns that are used in over 1,700 utterances produced by native speakers of English.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Drożdż
1
  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
2 Quality Assessment and Post-Editing in Raising the Efficacy of Legal Machine Translation
Edyta Źrałka
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 29-50 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2025.155072
Keywords: Machine Translation GT performance translation quality assessment post-editing translation metrics
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Abstract

With the occurrence of Machine Translation (MT) tools, their reduced efficiency was observed; hence, rules for translation evaluation were introduced among professionals. This paper examines the issue of Google Translate’s (GT’s) performance in the translation of legal texts from English into Polish based on an excerpt from The Louisiana Civil Code, which is studied in terms of errors made by GT and quality improvement in the post-editing (PE) process based on a manual evaluation metric chosen. In a comparative study, possible GT errors were classified in order to carry out PE and streamline legal MT while maintaining quality.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Źrałka
1
  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
3 Leech, Medico, Piss-Prophet, Waterologer or 007: Ways of Naming Medical Doctors in the History of English
Marta Sylwanowicz
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 51-71 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2025.155073
Keywords: lexicon word-formation English historical corpora medical doctor
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Abstract

The present paper examines references to medical doctors in the history of English. Particular attention will be given to less formal expressions to trace the changing attitudes towards those involved in the healing art. Also, we will take a look at different ways of forming the terms under scrutiny, including the most productive word building processes (e.g. derivation, compounding, abbreviation) and formations characteristic of non-standard medical vocabularies. The study is based on the lexical material collected from dictionaries (the Historical Thesaurus of English (HTE), Thesaurus of Old English (TOE), Bosworth Toller's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (B-T), Middle English Dictionary (MED), Oxford English Dictionary (OED), and Green’s Dictionary of Slang (GDS)).

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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Sylwanowicz
1
  1. University of Warsaw, Poland
4 Reversal of Emotions by Means of Conceptual-Linguistic Mechanisms: An Analysis of Selected Song Lyrics in English and German
Magdalena Zyga
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 73-86 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2025.155074
Keywords: emotions emotional potential conceptual metaphors linguistic text analysis song lyrics
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Abstract

The aim of the paper is a linguistic analysis of mechanisms responsible for construing and communicating emotions inherent in a text as reversed. The focus is on the phenomenon of modification of the emotional potential (germ. Emotionspotential) in a way that the recipient perceives one of the activated emotions as transformed into a different one. The method used in our research is the DIMEAN model proposed by Warnke and Spitzmüller (2008).

The research material consists of selected song lyrics in English and in German where emotional load is either reversed from negative to positive or vice versa. We posit that in construing emotions as reversed, conceptual metaphors play a salient role with other linguistic/discursive factors reinforcing the effect of the use of metaphors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Zyga
1
  1. Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Poland
5 Pragmatic Functions of Primary Interjections in Shakespeare’s Comedies
Anna Drzazga
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 87-110 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2025.155075
Keywords: pragmatic functions primary interjections Shakespeare comedies
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Abstract

This paper constitutes the first part of a research project aimed at examining the use of primary interjections in Shakespeare’s plays from the perspective of their pragmatic functions. The project is structured in three successive phases, beginning with the comedies and followed by analyses of the tragedies and historical plays. Each phase will explore how interjections function pragmatically within their respective dramatic contexts, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of Shakespeare’s use of these expressive linguistic elements across different genres. The paper surveys the pragmatic functions of primary interjections occurring in Shakespeare’s comedies, placed against the context of general discussion on the pragmatic functions of interjections and their use in theatre plays.
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CORPUS:

  1. Shakespeare, W. 2005. The Complete Works. S. Wells, G. Taylor (eds.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Drzazga
1
  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
6 A Corpus-Based Analysis of Introductory it Across Research Article Part-Genres in Public Health
Tatiana Szczygłowska
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 111-137 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2025.155076
Keywords: introductory it academic writing research article part-genres corpus-based
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Abstract

Introductory it is an important persuasive device in academic prose. This study analysed the variability of this structure in 200 public health research articles across the Introduction-Method-Result-Discussion part-genres. Occurrences of introductory it were analysed for their section-specific frequency, matrix predicate semantics, syntactic composition, and inclusion of modifying features. The results show both similarities and differences across the sections, reflecting their individual communicative purposes. For example, while all sections favour adjectives and mental and communication verbs as matrix predicates, the Methods section has a high proportion of predicates expressing dynamic and deontic modality. The findings advance our understanding of the rhetorical mechanics of academic prose, highlighting the strategic use of introductory it to fulfil section-specific functions. Pedagogically, the study offers practical insights for academic writers and educators who can use the structure to enhance disciplinary argumentation, rhetorical effectiveness and genre awareness in research writing.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tatiana Szczygłowska
1
  1. University of Bielsko-Biala, Poland
7 English Linguistic Borrowings and Their Native Equivalents in the Polish Pole Sport Community
Julia Seweryn
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 139-156 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2025.155077
Keywords: linguistic contact Polish-English language contacts pole sport lexical borrowings native equivalents contrastive linguistics
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Abstract

Pole sport is gaining popularity and is contributing to the emerging subfield of sport linguistics. This study examines the language of the Polish pole sport community, focusing on the frequency of English lexical borrowings compared to native Polish equivalents. Results show that 57.3% of respondents recognize and use English terms, while 55.5% use Polish equivalents, indicating synonymous rather than preferential use. Additionally, the community demonstrates linguistic creativity by coining multiple alternative terms. These findings highlight a lack of linguistic unification within the community, likely due to the recency of the phenomenon.
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Authors and Affiliations

Julia Seweryn
1
  1. Jagiellonian University
8 The Discursive Use of Spanish Phraseological Units: Contextual Alterations and Nuances of Phraseological Meaning From the Perspective of Lexical Pragmatics Through a Corpus-Based Study
Agnieszka Gwiazdowska
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 157-175 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2025.155078
Keywords: alteration of phraseological meaning implicature value canonical phraseological units contextual dependency Timofeeva’s macro-componential model of phraseology meaning
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Abstract

The present article aims to investigate the pragmatic-discursive value of Spanish canonical phraseological units (PUs). Based on a two-level metapragmatic model of phraseological meaning proposed by Timofeeva (2008, 2012, 2018), we analyze the contextual dependency of selected PUs, namely their inference within a larger utterance. In other words, we focus on the discursive behavior of PUs according to their inherent semantic complexity. Our object of study will be, on the one hand, PUs whose evaluative implicatures present a fixed character, that is, they impose their semantic load on the host utterance and thus respond to the pattern of conventional implicatures (CIs). On the other hand, we will analyze PUs whose evaluations can be affected by contextual circumstances despite showing a certain degree of conventionalization and, as a result, acquire characteristics of generalized conversational implicatures (GCIs). Finally, we will investigate PUs that develop particularized implicatures (PCIs), i.e. those generated in a given context and not necessarily based on the first level of phraseological meaning.
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DICTIONARIES:

  • CREA. Corpus de referencia del español actual [Banco de datos de la Real Academia española, available at  https://corpus.rae.es/creanet.html, accessed: 18/12/2024].
  • DDFH = Buitrago, A. 2005. Diccionario de dichos y frases hechas. Madrid: Espasa Calpe.
  • DDFH2= Salanova Arnal, J. A. 2010.  Diccionario de dichos y frases hechas. Zaragoza: Casa El Molino.
  • DLE= Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española, available at: https://dle.rae.es/, accessed: 16/12/2024].
  • DFDEA= Seco, M., Andrés, O. and Ramos, G. 2006. Diccionario fraseológico documentado del español actual. Madrid: Santillana.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Gwiazdowska
1
  1. University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
9 The Political Speeches of Olaf Scholz From a Phonostylistic Point of View
Tetiana Solska , Olena Borovska , Kateryna Poseletska , Nataliia Vyshyvana
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 177-198 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2025.155079
Keywords: political speech orthoepic norm schwa vowel phoneme /ʁ/ modifications labialization velarization vocalization elision
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Abstract

The present paper examines pronunciation tendencies observed in the articulation of vowels and consonants in modern political speeches by German Chancellor Olaf Scholz. It investigates which phonetic style of standard German pronunciation these speeches can be classified under, based on their segmental characteristics. The data were collected through the acoustic analysis of two speeches delivered by Olaf Scholz in the context of Putin’s attack on Ukraine. The analysis focuses on features such as the realization or elision of the schwa sound, the associated modification processes, and the articulation of the phoneme /r/ in content and function words. Our results showed that, in the analyzed speeches, the schwa sound is elided not only after a plosive, fricative, and lateral but also, to a large extent, after a nasal and a vowel. Moreover, this elision leads to the formation of partial and total contact assimilations according to the place of articulation and nasality, which occur with high frequency and intensity in both unstressed function words and accented content words.

The analysis of the realization of the phoneme /ʁ/ revealed that, even in the official context of political speech, the consonantal realization variant as a uvular fricative [ʁ] predominantly occurs in the onset of potentially stressed syllables. In addition, the number of positions in which elision and vocalization of the phoneme /ʁ/ dominate is increasing. This applies both to the position after long and short vowels as well as to the syllable onset of the unstressed syllable <-ren>, which can influence the phonetic characteristics of the preceding vowels.

The observed tendencies are characteristic of a speech style with reduced articulation precision and represent phonostylistic features of spontaneous speech. On the other hand, these tendencies suggest a certain softening of the German pronunciation norm, as the boundaries between the phonetic styles of formal and spontaneous speech are becoming more fluid. Moreover, such assimilation phenomena could give political speeches a more natural and authentic sound.
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Bibliography

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WÖRTERBÜCHER:

  • Duden. Das Aussprachewörterbuch. 2015. Berlin: Dudenverlag.
  • Krech, E.-M., E. Stock, U. Hirschfeld and L.Ch. Anders 2009. Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch. Berlin; New York: Walter de Gruyter.  

QUELLENVERZEICHNIS:

  • Europa-Rede des Bundeskanzlers Olaf Scholz an der Karls-Universität am 29. August 2022 in Prag „Europa ist unsere Zukunft – und diese Zukunft liegt in unseren Händen“ URL: https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/schwerpunkte/europa/scholz-rede-prag-karls-uni-2079410 [Zugriff am 01.02.2025].
  • Regierungserklärung in der Sondersitzung zum Krieg gegen die Ukraine vor dem Deutschen Bundestag am 27. Februar 2022 in Berlin URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YS_-QJhOTA&ab_channel=Bundesregierung [Zugriff am 01.02.2025].
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Authors and Affiliations

Tetiana Solska
1
Olena Borovska
1
Kateryna Poseletska
1
Nataliia Vyshyvana
1
  1. Staatliche Pädagogische Mychajlo-Kozjubynskyj-Universität Winnyzja
10 On the Relationship Between Productivity and Syntactic Complexity – Insights from Nominal Compounding in English and Polish
Sebastian Wasak
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 199-215 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2025.155080
Keywords: synthetic compound nominal compounds productivity phrase structure Distributed Morphology
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Abstract

Research within Distributed Morphology has pointed to a strong correlation between the productivity of a word formation process and the structural complexity of its derivatives. This study sets to shed new light on this issue, analyzing nominal compounds in English and Polish from the point of view of how their productivity translates into the ability of the elements within the compound to undergo modification, with particular focus placed on non-heads. It is shown that the link between productivity and syntactic complexity is weaker than what has been assumed, with semantic compositionality being of greater importance to whether elements in compounds can be further modified. Non-head modification is common in synthetic and endocentric nominal compounds in English and the study reveals that non-heads in English exocentric compounds can also be complex (as long as they are semantically transparent), even though exocentric compounding is not a productive pattern in English. It is also shown that non-heads in Polish compounds can also be complex as long as they are semantically transparent (irrespective of whether the pattern is productive).
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Wasak
1
  1. John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
11 Online Threats in Adolescent Cyberbullying on the Basis of https://cyberbullying.org/stories
Łukasz Matusz
LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1 | 217-234 | DOI: 10.24425/linsi.2025.155081
Keywords: cyberbullying electronic abuse online threats adolescents
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide a brief study of online threats in adolescent cyberbullying. Cyberbullying refers to different forms of repeated and intentional electronic aggression. Online threats constitute an important mechanism of electronic abuse.

The paper opens with a brief introduction into the issues of cyberbullying and the speech act of threat. Subsequently, a practical study on the database of 255 cyberabuse testimonies published on https://cyberbullying.org/stories is carried out.

The aim of the analysis is to determine the presence of online threats in adolescent cyberbullying, the types of threats and the verbs of harm by which the threats were expressed.

The results of the analysis confirm the presence of online threats in adolescent cyberbullying. The most numerous category reported in the database included death threats, followed by threats of physical violence. The most common verb of harm in the dataset was the verb kill, with other verbs significantly less represented.

The analysis of the dataset reveals online threats in adolescent cyberbullying as made in a direct and unrestrained way.

The results of the study also show online threats in adolescent cyberbullying as complex lexical and conceptual events, often perpetrated in connection with other forms of abuse and having important detrimental consequences for the victims.

While acknowledging limitations of the present study, this paper also points to a number of practical benefits coming from further investigations into online threats in adolescent cyberbullying.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Matusz
1
  1. University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

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5. Confirmation of sources
The author should cite publications that have influenced the creation of a complex text, and each time confirm the use of the work of other authors.


6.Data access and data retention
The author should provide unprocessed data regarding the publication submitted for review or should be ready to allow access to such data. He or she should also retainthis data for a minimum of one year from publication.


7. Major errors in published works
If the author finds significant errors or inaccuracies in his or her published work, it is his or her responsibility to immediately notify the editor-in-chief and to cooperate with him or her to withdraw the article or publish the necessary errata.


8. Originality and plagiarism
The author submits to the editor only the original work. At the same time, it should be ensured that the names of the authors quoted in thework and/or excerpts of the works cited arecorrectly quoted or exchanged.


9. Ghostwriting
Ghostwriting/guest authorship is a manifestation of scientific misconduct and any detected cases will be exposed, including notification to the relevant authorities. Symptoms of scientific misconduct, especially violations of ethics in science will be documented by the editor.


10. Acknowledgements and information sources
Articles should include the acknowledgements for the people or institutions who have done the work for the author. Authors should also cite publications that have significantly influenced the finaleffect of the published paper.


II. Duties of the Editor-in-Chief and other members of the Editorial Board


1. Decisions to publish
The editor-in-chief is obliged to comply with current defamation laws, infringe copyright and plagiarism, and be fully responsible for the decisions that the articles should be published. He or she may consult with thematic editors and/or reviewers.


2. Confidentiality
No member of the editorial team may disclose information about complex work to anyone other than the author (s), reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial consultants (e.g. translators) and the publisher.


3. Impartiality and justice
The editor-in-chief should evaluate the content submitted regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, ethnicity, nationality or political preferences of the author (s).


4. Disclosure and conflict of interest
Unpublished articles or their excerpts may not be used in the editorial team's own research or reviewers without the express written permission of the author.


5. Engaging and collaborating in research
The editor-in-chief should guard the integrity of his or her magazine by applying corrections and withdrawals, as well as tracking suspicious research or alleged misconduct in publications and reviews. He or she should take appropriate action when ethical objections to the submitted work or published article arise.


III. Responsibilities of the Reviewers


1. Editorial decisions
The reviewer supports the editor in making editorial decisions and can also assist the author in improving his / her work.


2. Timeliness
Any selected reviewer who cannot review a work or knows that a quick review will not be possible should inform the editor-in-chief.


3. Objectivity standards
Reviews should be done in an objective way. The author's personal criticism is unacceptable. Reviewers should express their opinions clearly, using the appropriate arguments in support of their theses.


4. Confidentiality
Any reviewed article or other text for publication must be treated as confidential. It cannot be shown or discussedwith other people without the permission of the editor-in-chief.


5. Anonymity
All reviews are done anonymously, and the editorial team doesnot share the reviewer's data.


6. Disclosure and conflict of interest
Confidential information or ideas arisingfrom a review must be kept confidential and may not be used for personal gain. Reviewers should not review works that are subject to conflicts of interest arising from relationships or other connections to the author, company or workplace.


7. Confirmation of information sources
Reviewers should indicate publications that have not been referred to by the author. Any statement that the observation, source, or argument was previously discussed should be supported by a suitable quote. The reviewer should also inform the editor-in-chief of any significant similarity, partial overlap of reviewed work with any other published or known work or suspicion of plagiarism.



IV. Statement by the Publisher
In cases of alleged or verified scientific research, unfair publication or plagiarism, the publisher, in close cooperation with the editor-in-chief of the journal, will take all appropriate measures to clarify the situation and make amendments to a particular article. This includes the rapid publication of the errata or, in justified cases, the full withdrawal of the work from the journa

Reviewers

The Linguistica Silesiana peer-referees 2017-2020

  • Beata Abdallah-Krzepkowska
  • Magdalena Bartłomiejczyk
  • Magdalena Bator
  • Monika Bielińska
  • Bogusław Bierwiaczonek
  • Krzysztof Bogacki
  • Jan Čermák
  • Bożena Cetnarowska
  • Magdalena Charzyńska-Wójcik
  • Grzegorz Drożdż
  • Radosław Dylewski
  • Henryk Fontański
  • Danuta Gabryś-Barker
  • Piotr Gąsiorowski
  • Łukasz Grabowski
  • Ireneusz Kida
  • Robert Kiełtyka
  • Marcin Krygier
  • Marcin Kuczok
  • Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik
  • Czesław Lachur
  • Andrzej Łyda
  • Ewa Miczka
  • Ewa Myrczek-Kadłubicka
  • John G. Newman
  • Mikołaj Nkollo
  • Jerzy Nykiel
  • Ewa Piechurska-Kuciel
  • Tadeusz Piotrowski
  • Adam Pluszczyk
  • Andrzej Porzuczek
  • Hans Sauer
  • Czesława Schatte
  • Piotr Stalmaszczyk
  • Monika Sułkowska
  • Konrad Szcześniak
  • Krystyna Warchał
  • Halina Widła
  • Krzysztof Witczak
  • Adam Wojtaszek
  • Marcin Zabawa

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