Applied sciences

Opto-Electronics Review

Content

Opto-Electronics Review | 2022 | 30 | 1

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In the last decade several papers have announced usefulness of two-dimensional materials for high operating temperature photodetectors covering long wavelength infrared spectral region. Transition metal dichalcogenide photodetectors, such as PdSe 2/MoS 2 and WS 2/HfS 2 and WS 2/HfS 2 heterojunctions, have been shown to achieve record detectivities at room temperature (higher than HgCdTe photodiodes). Under these circumstances, it is reasonable to consider the advantages and disadvantages of two-dimensional materials for infrared detection. This review attempts to answer the question thus posed.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Rogalski, A. 2D Materials for Infrared and Terahertz Detectors. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2020).
  2. Rogalski, A. Infrared and Terahertz Detectors. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2019).
  3. Rogalski, A. Quantum well photoconductors in infrared detector technology. Appl. Phys. 93, 4355–4391 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1558224
  4. Kinch, M. A. State-of-the-Art Infrared Detector Technology. (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2014).
  5. Rogalski, A., Martyniuk P. & Kopytko, M. Challenges of small-pixel infrared detectors: a review. Prog. Phys. 79, 046501-1–42 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/79/4/046501
  6. Rogalski, A., Martyniuk, P., Kopytko, M. & Hu, W. Trends in performance limits of the HOT infrared photodetectors. Sci. 11, 501 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020501
  7. Piotrowski J. & Rogalski, A. Comment on “Temperature limits on infrared detectivities of InAs/InxGa1–xSb superlattices and bulk Hg1–xCdxTe” [J. Appl. Phys. 74, 4774 (1993)]. Appl. Phys. 80, 2542–2544 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.363043
  8. Robinson, J., Kinch, M., Marquis, M., Littlejohn, D. & Jeppson, K. Case for small pixels: system perspective and FPA challenge. SPIE 9100, 91000I-1–10 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054452
  9. Holst  C. & Lomheim, T. C. CMOS/CCD Sensors and Camera Systems. (JCD Publishing and SPIE Press, Winter Park, 2007).
  10. Holst, G. C. & Driggers, R. G. Small detectors in infrared system design. Eng. 51, 096401-1–10 (2012).
  11. Boreman, G. D. Modulation Transfer Function in Optical and Electro-Optical Systems. (2nd edition) (SPIE Press, Bellingham, 2021).
  12. Higgins, W. M., Seiler, G. N., Roy, R. G. & Lancaster, R. A. Standard relationships in the properties of Hg1–xCdx J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 7, 271–275 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1116/1.576110
  13. Chu, J. H., Li, B., Liu, K. & Tang, D. Empirical rule of intrinsic absorption spectroscopy in Hg1−xCd x J. Appl. Phys. 75, 1234 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.356464
  14. Jariwala, D., Davoyan, A. R., Wong, J. & Atwater, H. A. Van der Waals materials for atomically-thin photovoltaics: promise and outlook. ACS Photonics 4, 2962−2970 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01103
  15. Kinch, M. A. et al. Minority carrier lifetime in p-HgCdTe. Electron. Mater. 34, 880–884 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-005-0036-2
  16. Lee, D. et al. Law 19: the ultimate photodiode performance metric. SPIE 11407, 114070X (2020). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2564902
  17. Yang, Z., Dou, J. & Wang, M. Graphene, Transition Metal Dichalcogenides, and Perovskite Photodetectors. in Two-Dimensional Materials for Photodetector (ed. Nayak, P. K.) 1–20 (IntechOpen, 2018). http://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74021
  18. Pi, L., Li, L., Liu, K., Zhang, Q. Li, H. & Zhai, T. Recent progress on 2D noble-transition-metal Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1904932 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201904932
  19. Vargas-Bernal, R. Graphene Against Other Two-Dimensional Materials: A Comparative Study on the Basis of Photonic Applications. in Graphene Materials (eds. Kyzas, G. Z. & Mitropoulos, A. Ch.) 103–121 (IntechOpen, 2017). http://doi.org/10.5772/67807
  20. Rogalski, A., Martyniuk, P. & Kopytko, M. Type-II superlattice photodetectors versus HgCdTe photodiodes. Quantum Electron. 68, 100228 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2019.100228
  21. Delaunay, P. Y., Nosho, B. Z., Gurga, A. R., Terterian, S. & Rajavel,  D. Advances in III-V based dual-band MWIR/LWIR FPAs at HRL. Proc. SPIE 10177, 101770T-1–12 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2266278
  22. Lawson, W. D., Nielson, S., Putley, E. H. & Young, A. S. Preparation and properties of HgTe and mixed crystals of HgTe-CdTe. Phys. Chem. Solids 9, 325–329 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(59)90110-6
  23. Lee, D. et al. Law 19 – The Ultimate Photodiode Performance Metric. in Extended Abstracts. The 2019 U.S. Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials 13–15 (2019).
  24. Rogalski, A., Kopytko, M., Martyniuk, P. & Hu, W. Comparison of performance limits of HOT HgCdTe photodiodes with 2D material infrared photodetectors. Opto-Electron. Rev. 28, 82–92 (2020). https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2020.132504
  25. Tennant, W. E., Lee, D., Zandian, M., Piquette, E. & Carmody, M. MBE HgCdTe technology: A very general solution to IR detection, described by ‘Rule 07’, a very convenient heuristic. Electron. Mater. 37, 1406–1410 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0426-3
  26. Long, M. et al. Room temperature high-detectivity mid-infrared photodetectors based on black arsenic phosphorus. Adv. 3, e1700589 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700589
  27. Du, S. et al. A broadband fluorographene photodetector. Mater. 29, 1700463 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700463
  28. Long, M. et al. Palladium diselenide long-wavelength infrared photodetector with high sensitivity and stability. ACS Nano 13, 2511−2519 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b09476
  29. Chen, Y. Unipolar barrier photodetectors based on van der Waals heterostructures. Electron. 4, 357–363 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-021-00586-w
  30. Amani, M., Regan, E., Bullock, J., Ahn, G. H. & Javey, A. Mid-wave infrared photoconductors based on black phosphorus-arsenic alloys. ACS Nano 11, 11724–11731 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b07028
  31. Lukman, S. et al. High oscillator strength interlayer excitons in two-dimensional heterostructures for mid-infrared photodetection. Nat. Nanotechnol. 15, 675–682 (2020). https://org/10.1038/s41565-020-0717-2
  32. VIGO System Catalog 2018/2019. VIGO System S.A. https://vigo.com.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/VIGO-Catalogue.pdf (2018).
  33. Mercury Cadmium Telluride Detectors. Teledyne Judson Techno-logies LLC http://www.teledynejudson.com/prods/Documents/MCT_shortform_Dec2002.pdf (2002).
  34. Zhong, F. et al. Recent progress and challenges on two-dimensional material photodetectors from the perspective of advanced characterization Nano Res. 14, 1840–1862 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3247-1
  35. Huang, et al. Waveguide integrated black phosphorus photo-detector for mid-infrared applications. ACS Nano 13, 913–921 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b08758
  36. Bullock, J. et al. Polarization-resolved black phosphorus/ molybdenum disulfide mid-wave infrared photodiodes with high detectivity at room temperature. Photonics 12, 601–607 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0239-8
  37. Yu, X. et al. Atomically thin noble metal dichalcogenide: a broadband mid-infrared semiconductor. Commun. 9, 1545 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03935-0
  38. Yu, X. et al. Narrow bandgap oxide nanoparticles coupled with graphene for high performance mid-infrared photodetection. Commun. 9, 4299 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06776-z
  39. Long, M., Wang, P., Fang, H. & Hu. W. Progress, challenges, and opportunities for 2D material-based photodetectors. Funct. Mater. 1803807 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201803807
  40. Wang, P. et al. Arrayed van der Waals broadband detectors for dual-band detection. Mater. 29, 1604439 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201604439
  41. Goossens, S. et al. Broadband image sensor array based on graphene–CMOS integration. Photonics 11, 366–371 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2017.75
  42. Konstantatos, G. et al. Hybrid graphene-quantum dot photo-transistors with ultrahigh gain. Nanotechnol. 7, 363–368 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.60
  43. Phillips, J. Evaluation of the fundamental properties of quantum dot infrared detectors. J. Appl. Phys. 91, 4590–4594 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1455130
  44. Jerram P. & Beletic, J. Teledyne’s high performance infrared detectors for space missions. SPIE 11180, 111803D-2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2536040
  45. Buscema, M. et al. Photocurrent generation with two-dimensional van der Waals semiconductor. Rev. 44, 3691–3718 2015. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CS00106D
  46. Wang, J. et al. Recent progress on localized field enhanced two-dimensional material photodetectors from ultraviolet-visible to infrared. Small 13, 1700894 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201700894
  47. An, J. et al. Research development of 2D materials-based photodetectors towards mid-infrared regime. Nano Select 2, 527 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202000237
  48. Wu, D. et al. Mixed-dimensional PdSe2/SiNWA heterostructure based photovoltaic detectors for self-driven, broadband photodetection, infrared imaging and humidity sensing. Mater. Chem. A 8, 3632–3642 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA13611H
  49. Zeng, L.-H. et al. Controlled synthesis of 2D palladium diselenide for sensitive photodetector applications. Funct. Mater. 29, 1806878 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201806878
  50. Imec shows excellent performance in ultra-scaled FETs with 2D-material channel. Imec. https://www.imec-int.com/en/articles/imec-shows-excellent-performance-in-ultra-scaled-fets-with-2d-material-channel (2019).
  51. Scaling Up Large-area Integration of 2D Materials. Compound Semiconductor. https://compoundsemiconductor.net/article/112712/Scaling_Up_Large-area_Integration_Of_2D_Materials (2021).
  52. Briggs, N. et al. A roadmap for electronic grade 2D materials. 2D Mater. 6, 022001 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aaf836
  53. IRDS International Roadmap for Devices and SystemsTM 2018 Update. IEEE. https://irds.ieee.org/images/files/pdf/2018/2018IRDS
    _MM.pdf
    (2018).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Antoni Rogalski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This work summarises investigations focused on the photoanode impact on the photovoltaic response of dye-sensitized solar cells. This is a comparison of the results obtained by the authors’ research team with literature data. The studies concern the effect of the chemical structure of the applied dye, TiO2 nanostructure, co-adsorbents addition, and experimental conditions of the anode preparation. The oxide substrates were examined using a scanning electron microscope to determine the thickness and structure of the material. The TiO2 substrates with anchored dye molecules were also tested for absorption properties in the UV-Vis light range, largely translating into current density values. Photovoltaic parameters of the fabricated devices with sandwich structure were obtained from current-voltage measurements. During tests conducted with the N719 dye, it was found that devices containing an 8.4 µm thick oxide semiconductor layer had the highest efficiency (5.99%). At the same time, studies were carried out to determine the effect of the solvent and it was found that the best results were obtained using an ACN : tert-butanol mixture (5.46%). Next, phenothiazine derivatives (PTZ-1–PTZ-6) were used to prepare the devices; among the prepared solar cells, the devices containing PTZ-2 and PTZ-3 had the highest performance (6.21 and 6.22%, respectively). Two compounds designated as Th-1 and M-1 were used to prepare devices containing a dye mixture with N719.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Kishore Kumar, D. et al. Functionalized metal oxide nanoparticles for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): A review. Sci. Energy Technol. 3, 472–481 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2020.03.003
  2. Gerischer, H., Michel-Beyerle, M. E., Rebentrost, F. & Tributsch, H. Sensitization of charge injection into semiconductors with large band gap. Acta 13, 1509–1515 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(68)80076-3
  3. Tsubomura, H., Matsumura M., Nomura, Y. & Amamiya, T. Dye senstized Zinc oxide: aqueous electrolyte: platinumphotocell. Nature 261, 402–403 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1038/261402a0
  4. O’Regan, B. & Grätzel, M. A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 Nature 353, 737–740 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1038/353737a0
  5. Ji, J.-M., Zhou, H., Eom, Y. K., Kim, C. H. & Kim, H. K. 14.2% efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells by co-sensitizing novel thieno[3,2-b]indole-based organic dyes with a promising porphyrin sensitizer. Energy Mater. 10, 1–12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202000124
  6. Gnida, P., Libera, M., Pająk, A. & Schab-Balcerzak, E. Examination of the effect of selected factors on the photovoltaic response of dye-sensitized solar cells. Energy Fuels 34, 14344–14355 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02188
  7. Selvaraj, P. et al. Enhancing the efficiency of transparent dye-sensitized solar cells using concentrated light. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 175, 29–34 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2017.10.006
  8. Baglio, V., Girolamo, M., Antonucci, V. & Aricò, A. S. Influence of TiO2 film thickness on the electrochemical behaviour of dye-sensitized solar cells. Int. J. Sci. 6, 3375–3384 (2011).
  9. Zhang, H. et al. Effects of TiO2 film thickness on photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cell and its enhanced performance by graphene combination. Mater. Res. Bull. 49, 126–131 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.08.058
  10. Madurai Ramakrishnan, V. et al. Transformation of TiO2 nanoparticles to nanotubes by simple solvothermal route and its performance as dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) photoanode. J. Hydrog. 45, 15441–15452 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.04.021
  11. Lee, S. et al. Two-step sol-gel method-based TiO2 nanoparticles with uniform morphology and size for efficient photo-energy conversion devices. Chem. Mater. 22, 1958–1965 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/cm902842k
  12. Gnida, P. et al. Impact of TiO2 nanostructures on dye-sensitized solar cells performance. Materials 14, 13–15 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071633
  13. Slodek, A. et al. New benzo [ h ] quinolin-10-ol derivatives as co-sensitizers for DSSCs. Materials 14, 1–19 (2021) https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14123386
  14. Lee, K. M. et al. Efficient and stable plastic dye-sensitized solar cells based on a high light-harvesting ruthenium sensitizer. J. Mater. Chem. 19, 5009–5015 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1039/b903852c
  15. Kumar, V., Gupta, R. & Bansal, A. Role of chenodeoxycholic acid as co-additive in improving the efficiency of DSSCs. Sol. Energy 196, 589–596 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.12.034
  16. Ko, S. H. et al. Nanoforest of hydrothermally grown hierarchical ZnO nanowires for a high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell. Nano Lett. 11, 666–671 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl1037962
  17. Lee, K.-M. Effects of co-adsorbate and additive on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells: A photophysical study. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91, 1426–1431 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2007.03.009
  18. Wang, X. et al. Enhanced performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on a dual anchored diphenylpyranylidene dye and N719 co-sensitization. J. Mol. Struct. 1206, 127694 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127694
  19. Kula, S. et al. Effect of thienyl units in cyanoacrylic acid derivatives toward dye-sensitized solar cells. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol. 197, 111555 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111555
  20. Kotowicz, S. et al. Photoelectrochemical and thermal characteri-zation of aromatic hydrocarbons substituted with a dicyanovinyl unit. Pigm. 180, 108432 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2020.108432
  21. Fabiańczyk, A. et al. Effect of heterocycle donor in 2-cyanoacrylic acid conjugated derivatives for DSSC applications. Energy 220, 1109–1119 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.069
  22. Luo, J. et al. Co-sensitization of dithiafulvenyl-phenothiazine based organic dyes with N719 for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Acta 211, 364–374 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.175
  23. Wu, Z. S. et al. New organic dyes with varied arylamine donors as effective co-sensitizers for ruthenium complex N719 in dye sensitized solar cells. Power Sources 451, 227776 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227776
  24. Dang Quang, L. N., Kaliamurthy, A. K. & Hao, N. H. Co-sensitization of metal based N719 and metal free D35 dyes: An effective strategy to improve the performance of DSSC. Mater. 111, 110589 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OPTMAT.2020.110589
  25. Lee, H., Kim, J., Kim, D. Y. & Seo, Y. Co-sensitization of metal free organic dyes in flexible dye sensitized solar cells. Electron. 52, 103–109 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2017.10.003
  26. Magne, C., Urien, M. & Pauporté, T. Enhancement of photovoltaic performances in dye-sensitized solar cells by co-sensitization with metal-free organic dyes. RSC Adv. 3, 6315–6318 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra41170b
  27. Kovash Jr., C. S., Hoefelmeyer, J. D. & Logue, B. A. TiO 2 compact layers prepared by low temperature colloidal synthesis and deposition for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells. Acta 67, 18–23 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.092
  28. Cha, S. I. et al. Dye-sensitized solar cells on glass paper: TCO-free highly bendable dye-sensitized solar cells inspired by the traditional Korean door structure. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 6071–6075 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ee03096a
  29. Cataldo, F. A revision of the Gutmann donor numbers of a series of phosphoramides including TEPA. Chem. Bull. 4, 92–97 (2015). https://doi.org/10.17628/ECB.2015.4.92
  30. Slodek, A. et al. Dyes based on the D/A-acetylene linker-phenothiazine system for developing efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Mater. Chem. C 7, 5830–5840 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TC01727E
  31. Slodek, A. et al. Investigations of new phenothiazine-based com­pounds for dye-sensitized solar cells with theoretical insight. Materials 13, 2292 (2020). https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/10/2292
  32. Li, X., Wang, Y., Liu, Y. & Ge, W. Green, room-temperature, fast route for NH4Yb2F7:Tm3+ nanoparticles and their blue upconversion luminescence properties. Mater.111, 110605 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110605
  33. Li, S. et al. Comparative studies on the structure-performance relationships of phenothiazine-based organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS Omega 6, 6817–6823 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c05887
  34. Zhang, C., Wang, S. & Li, Y. Phenothiazine organic dyes containing dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DTP) units for dye-sensitized solar cells. Energy 157, 94–102 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.08.012
  35. Duvva, N., Eom, Y. K., Reddy, G., Schanze, K. S. & Giribabu, L. Bulky phenanthroimidazole-phenothiazine D-?-A based organic sensitizers for application in efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3, 6758–6767 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c00892
  36. Huang, Z.-S., Meier, H. & Cao, D. Phenothiazine-based dyes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Mater. Chem. C 4, 2404–2426 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc04418a
  37. Althagafi, I. & El-Metwaly, N. Enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cell efficiency through co-sensitization of thiophene-based organic compounds and metal-based N-719. J. Chem. 14, 103080 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ARABJC.2021.103080
  38. Wu, Z., Wei, Y., An, Z., Chen, X. & Chen, P. Co-sensitization of N719 with an organic dye for dye-sensitized solar cells application. Korean Chem. Soc. 35, 1449–1454 (2014). https://doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.5.1449
  39. Xu, Z. et al. DFT/TD-DFT study of novel T shaped phenothiazine-based organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells applications. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 212, 272–280 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SAA.2019.01.002
  40. Afolabi, S. O. et al. Design and theoretical study of phenothiazine-based low bandgap dye derivatives as sensitizers in molecular photovoltaics. Quantum Electron. 52, 1–18 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02600-5
  41. Arunkumar, A., Shanavas, S. & Anbarasan, P. M. First-principles study of efficient phenothiazine-based D–π–A organic sensitizers with various spacers for DSSCs. Comput. Electron. 17,
    1410–1420 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-018-1226-5
  42. Nath, N. C. D., Lee, H. J. Choi, W.-Y. & Lee, J.-J. Electrochemical approach to enhance the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Acta 109, 39–45 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2013.07.057
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Gnida
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aneta Slodek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
2 1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
  2. Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna St., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Fibre optic microlenses are small optical elements formed on the end-faces of optical fibres. Their dimensions range from a few tens to hundreds of micrometres. In the article, four optical fibre microlenses are modelled and analysed. Microlenses are used for light beam manipulation and quantitative metrics are needed to evaluate the results, for example, the size of focusing spot or intensity distribution. All four lenses tested are made of rods of the same refractive index; they were welded to a single-mode fibre. Two modelling methods were used to analyse the lenses: ray-tracing and finite-difference time-domain. The ray-tracing algorithm moves rays from one plane to another and refracts them on the surfaces. Finite-difference time-domain consists of calculating Maxwell’s equations by replacing spatial and temporal derivatives by quotients of finite differences. In this paper, the results of the microlenses analyses obtained from ray-tracing and finite-difference time-domain methods were compared. Both methods of analysis showed the presence of undesirable side lobes related to lens design, namely rods too long for lens fabrication. The test results were compared with the measurements made with the knife-edge method. The use of a single tool to determine parameters of an optical fibre lens does not allow for precise determination of its properties. It is necessary to use different tools and programs. This allows a complete analysis of the beam parameters, letting us find the causes of technical issues that limit the performance of the lenses.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Tekin, T. Review of packaging of optoelectronic, photonic, and MEMS components. IEEE J. Sel. Quantum Electron. 17, 704–719 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2011.2113171
  2. Zheng, W. Optic Lenses Manufactured on Fibre Ends. in 2015 Optoelectronics Global Conference (OGC) 1–7 (IEEE, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/OGC.2015.7336855
  3. Corning SMF-28 Ultra Optical Fibre. Corning. https://www.corning.com/media/worldwide/coc/documents/Fiber/SMF-28%20Ultra.pdf (2014) (Accessed Sept. 3rd, 2021) .
  4. Soldano, L. B. & Pennings, E. C. M. Optical multi-mode inter-ference devices based on self- imaging: principles and applications. J. Light. Technol. 13, 615–627 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1109/50.372474
  5. Yuan, W., Brown, R., Mitzner, W., Yarmus, L. & Li, X. Super-achromatic monolithic microprobe for ultrahigh-resolution endo-scopic optical coherence tomography at 800 nm. Commun. 8, 1531 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01494-4
  6. Liu, Z. L. et al. Fabrication and application of a non-contact double-tapered optical fibre tweezers. Express 25, 22480–22489 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.022480
  7. Astratov, V. et al. Photonic Nanojets for Laser Surgery. (SPIE Newsroom, 2010).
  8. Pahlevaninezhad, H. et al. Nano-optic endoscope for high-resolution optical coherence tomography in Nat. Photonics 12, 540–547 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0224-2
  9. Siegman, A. E. Lasers. (University Science Books, 1986).
  10. Ross, T. S. Laser Beam Quality Metrics. Laser Beam Quality Metrics (SPIE, 2013).
  11. OSLO Optics Software for Layout and Optimization. Optics Reference. (Lambda Research Corporation, Littleton, MA, USA, 2011). https://www.lambdares.com/wp- content/uploads/support/oslo/oslo_edu/oslo-optics-reference.pdf
  12. Fibre Lenses. Fibrain. https://photonics.fibrain.com/produkt/fibre-lenses,640.html#zdjecia (2020) (Accessed Aug. 29th, 2020) .
  13. Parsons, J., Burrows, C. P., Sambles, J. R. & Barnes, W. L. A  comparison of techniques used to simulate the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by metallic nanostructures. J. Mod. Opt. 57, 356–365 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1080/09500341003628702
  14. Schneider, J. B. Understanding the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method. https://eecs.wsu.edu/~schneidj/ufdtd/ufdtd.pdf (2021).
  15. Bachmann, L., Zezell, D. M. & Maldonado, E. P. Determination of beam width and quality for pulsed lasers using the knife‐edge method. Instrum. Sci. Technol. 31, 47–52 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1081/CI-120018406
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Adam Śliwak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mateusz Jeleń
1
Sergiusz Patela
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Microsystem, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, ul. Janiszewskiego 11/17, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Solar-blind ultraviolet cameras with image intensifier with CMOS detector typically use various count methodologies to measure the optical energy of an electrical corona. However, these count methodologies are non-radiometric without considering parameters such as distance, focus-, zoom-, and gain setting of a camera. An algorithm which considers the calibration and radiometric measurement of optical energy for the slow frame rate intensifier type cameras is presented. Furthermore, it is shown how these calibration data together with the flowcharts are used for the conversion from raw measured data to radiometric energy values.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Gubanski, S., Dernfalk, A., Andersson, J. & Hillborg, H. Diagnostic methods for outdoor polymeric insulators. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 14, 1065–1080 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2007.4339466
  2. Lindner, M., Elstein, S., Lindner, P., Topaz, J. M. & Phillips, A. J. Daylight corona discharge imager. in 1999 11th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering 349–352 (London, 1999). https://doi.org/10.1049/cp:19990864
  3. Bass, M. et al. Handbook of Optics, Volume II: Design, Fabrication and Testing, Sources and Detectors, Radiometry and Photometry. (McGraw-Hill, Inc., 2009).
  4. Coetzer, C. et al. Status quo and aspects to consider with ultraviolet optical versus high voltage energy relation investigations. in 5th Conference on Sensors, MEMS, and Electro-Optic Systems 1104317 (Skukuza, South Africa, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2501251
  5. Maistry, N., Schutz, R. A. & Cox, E. The quantification of corona discharges on high voltage electrical equipment in the uv spectrum using a corona camera. in 2018 International Conference on Diagnostics in Electrical Engineering (Diagnostika) 1–4 (Pisen, Czech Republic, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/DIAGNOSTIKA.2018.8526024
  6. Dai, R., Lu, F. & Wang, S. Relation of composite insulator surface discharge ultraviolet signal with electrical pulse signal. in 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering 282–285 (Wuhan, China, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECENG.2011.6056830
  7. Wang, S., Lv, F. & Liu, Y. Estimation of discharge magnitude of composite insulator surface corona discharge based on ultraviolet imaging method. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 21, 1697–1704 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2014.004358
  8. Suhling, K., Airey, R. W. & Morgan, B. L. Optimisation of centroiding algorithms for photon event counting imaging. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 437, 393–418 (1999).  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00770-6
  9. Boksenberg, A., Coleman, C., Fordham, J. & Shortridge, K. Interpolative centroiding in CCD-based image photon counting systems. Adv. Electron. Electron. Phys. 64, 33–47 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2539(08)61601-7
  10. Fordham, J., Moorhead, C. & Galbraith, R. Dynamic-range limitations of intensified CCD photon-counting detectors. Mon. Notices Royal Astron. Soc. 312, 83–88 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03155.x
  11. Coetzer, C. J. & Leuschner, F. W. The influence of a camera's spectral transfer function used for observing high voltage corona on insulators. IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 23, 1753–1759 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2016.005021
  12. Hamamatsu Photonics, K. K. Photomultiplier tubes: Basics and applications. Edition 3a. https://www.hamamatsu.com/content/dam/hamamatsu-photonics/sites/documents/99_SALES_LIBRARY/etd/PMT_handbook_v3aE.pdf (2007).
  13. Coetzer, C., Becker, T., West, N. & Leuschner, W. Investigating an alternate detector for solar-blind ultraviolet cameras for high-voltage inspection. in 2021 Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference/Robotics and Mechatronics/Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA) 1–6 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA52254.2021.9377216
  14. IS/IEC 60270:2000 Indian Standard, High Voltage Test Techniques-Partial Discharge Measurements. (International Electrotechnical Commission, 2000).
  15. Tang, J., Luo, X. & Pan, C. Relationship between PD magnitude distribution and pulse burst for positive coronas. IET Sci. Meas. Technol. 12, 970–976 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2018.5039
  16. Willers, C. J. Electro-Optical System Analysis and Design: A Radiometry Perspective. (Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2013). https://doi.org/10.1117/3.1001964
  17. Wyatt, C. Radiometric Calibration: Theory and Methods, (Elsevier, 2012).
  18. Coetzer, C., Groenewald, S. & Leuschner, W. An analysis of the method for determining the lowest sensitivity of solarblind ultravio-let corona cameras. in 2020 International SAUPEC/RobMech/ PRASA Conference 1–6 (Cape Town, South Africa, 2020).    https://doi.org/10.1109/SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA48453.2020.9040997
  19. Montgomery, D. C. & Runger, G. C. Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers. (John Wiley and Sons, 2014).
  20. Coetzer, C., West, N., Swart, A. & van Tonder, A. An investigation into an appropriate optical calibration source for a corona camera. in 2020 International SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA Conference 1–5 (IEEE, Cape Town, South Africa, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA48453.2020.9041014
  21. Chrzanowski, K. & Chrzanowski, W. Analysis of a blackbody irradiance method of measurement of solar blind UV cameras' sensitivity. Opto-Electron. Rev. 27, 378–384 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.opelre.2019.11.009
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Casper J. Coetzer
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nicholas West
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
  2. Dept. of Electrical and Information, University of Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave., Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In order to minimize the receiver complexity and improve the performance of the spectral amplitude coding - optical code division multiple access system, a novel one-dimensional zero cross-correlation code using Pascal’s triangle matrix has been suggested. This research article shows that the position of chip “1” in the code sequences is one of the important factors affecting system performance. In fact, mathematical results show that, for the all-wavelength direct detection, it is possible to reduce the number of filters without sacrificing system performance. In addition, compared to one-wavelength direct detection, the signal-to-noise ratio value is increased with an increasing weight by using wide-bandwidth filters as decoders. Performance of the proposed system in terms of the minimum bit error rate is validated using the OptiSystem software. Compared with the previous systems at 622 Mbps, the suggested system gave the best values of bit error rate of around 10−43, 10−35, and 10−26 for higher, medium, and lower service demand, respectively.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Garba, A. A., Yim, R. M. H., Bajcsy, J. & Chen, L. R. Analysis of optical CDMA signal transmission: capacity limits and simulation results. EURASIP J. Appl. Signal Process. 10, 1603–1616 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1155/ASP.2005.1603
  2. Stok, A. & Sargent, E. H. The role of optical CDMA in access networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 40, 83–87 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2002.1031833
  3. Chen, K. S., Chen, Y. C. & Liao, L. G. Advancing high-speed transmissions over OCDMA networks by employing an intelligently structured receiver for noise mitigation. Appl. Sci. 8, 1–14 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122408
  4. Kaur, S. & Singh, S. Review on developments in all-optical spectral amplitude coding techniques. Opt. Eng. 57, 116102 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.11.116102
  5. Gupta, S. & Goel. A. New bipolar spectral amplitude code for cardinality enhancement in OCDMA network. J. Opt. 49, 1–8 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-020-00589-4
  6. Driz, S. & Djebbari, A. Performance evaluation of sub-carrier multiplexed SAC-OCDMA system using optimal modulation index. J. Opt Commun. 40, 83–92 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0044
  7. Aldhaibani, A. O., Aljunid, S. A., Anuar, M. S. & Arief, A. R. Increasing performance of SAC-OCDMA by combine OFDM technique. J. Theor. Appl. Inf. Technol. 66, 634–637 (2014).
  8. Ouis, E., Driz, S. & Fassi, B. Enhancing confidentiality protection for ZCZ-OCDMA network using line selection and wavelength conversion based on SOA. J. Opt. Commun. 000010151520200089 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2020-0089
  9. Jyoti, V. & Kaler, R. S. Security enhancement of OCDMA system against eavesdropping using code-switching scheme. Optik 122, 787–791(2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.05.027
  10. Moghaddasi, M., Seyedzadeh, S., Glesk, I., Lakshminarayana, G. & Anas, S. B. A. DW-ZCC code based on SAC–OCDMA deploying multi-wavelength laser source for wireless optical networks. Opt. Quant. Electron. 49, 393 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1217-y
  11. Morsy, M. A. Analysis and design of weighted MPC in incoherent synchronous OCDMA network. Opt. Quant. Electron. 50, 387 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1657-z
  12. Abd El-Mottaleb, S. A., Fayed, H. A., Aly, M. H., Rizk, M. R. & Ismail, N. E. An efficient SAC-OCDMA system using three different codes with two different detection techniques for maximum allowable users, Opt. Quant. Electron. 51, 354 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-2065-8
  13. Fassi, B. & Taleb-Ahmed, A. A. New construction of optical zero-correlation zone codes. J. Opt. Commun. 39, 359–368 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0214
  14. Driz, S., Fassi, B., Mansour, M. A. & Taleb-Ahmed, A. FPGA implementation of a novel construction of optical zero-correlation zone codes for OCDMA systems. J. Opt. Commun. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0048
  15. Kandouci, C., Djebbari, A. & Taleb-Ahmed, A. A new family of 2D-wavelength-time codes for OCDMA system with direct detection. Optik 135, 8–15 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.01.065
  16. Ahmed, H. Y., Zeghid, M., Imtiaz, W. A., Sharma, T. & Chehri, A. An efficient 2D encoding/decoding technique for optical communication system based on permutation vectors theory. Multimed. Syst. 27, 691–707 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-020-00711-3
  17. Imtiaz, W. A., Ahmed, H. Y., Zeghid, M. & Sharief, Y. Two dimensional optimized enhanced multi diagonal code for OCDMA passive optical networks. Opt. Quant. Electron. 52, 33 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-2145-9
  18. Jellali, N., Najjar, M., Ferchichi & M., Janyani, V. Performance enhancement of the 3D OCDMA system by using dynamic cyclic shift and multi-diagonal codes. Photonic Netw. Commun. 37, 63–74 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-018-0793-5
  19. Anuar, M. S., Aljunid, S. A., Saad, N. M. & Hamzah, S. M. New design of spectral amplitude coding in OCDMA with zero cross-correlation. Opt. Commun. 282, 2659–2664 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2009.03.079
  20. Nisar, K. S., Sarangal, H. & Thapar, S. S. Performance evaluation of newly constructed NZCC for SAC-OCDMA using direct detection technique. Photonic Netw. Commun. 37, 75–82 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-018-0794-4
  21. Kaur, R. & Kaler, R. S. Performance of zero cross correlation resultant weight spectral amplitude codes in lower Earth orbit-based optical wireless channel system. Int. J. Commun. 33, e4456 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4456
  22. Nisar, K. S., Djebbari, A. & Kandouci, C. Development and performance analysis zero cross correlation code using a type of Pascal's triangle matrix for spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access networks. Optik. 159, 14–20 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.01.054
  23. Edwards, A. W. F. Pascal’s Arithmetical Triangle: The Story of a Mathematical Idea. (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002).
  24. Németh, L. & Szalay, L. Power sums in hyperbolic Pascal triangles. Analele Universitatii “Ovidius" Constanta-Seria Matematica 26, 189–203 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2478/auom-2018-0012
  25. Kaur, S. & Singh, S. Review on developments in all-optical spectral amplitude coding techniques. Opt. Eng. 57, 116102 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.11.116102
  26. Kumari, M., Sharma, R. & Sheetal, A. Performance analysis of high speed backward compatible TWDM-PON with hybrid WDM–OCDMA PON using different OCDMA codes. Opt. Quant. Electron. 52, 1–59 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02597-x
  27. Zhao, H., Wu, D. & Fan, P. Constructions of optimal variable‐weight optical orthogonal codes. J. Comb. 18, 274–291 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/jcd.20246
  28. Kakaee, M. H., Seyedzadeh, S., Fadhil, H. A., Anas, S. B. A. & Mokhtar, M. Development of multi-service (MS) for SAC-OCDMA systems. Opt. Laser Technol. 60, 49–55(2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2014.01.002
  29. Kumawat, S. & Maddila, R. K. Development of ZCCC for multi-media service using SAC-OCDMA systems. Opt. Fiber Technol. 39, 12–20 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2017.09.015
  30. Li, X. et al. Development and performance improvement of a novel zero cross-correlation code for SAC-OCDMA systems. J. Opt. Commun. 000010151520200086 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2020-0086
  31. Garadi, A., Djebbari, A. & Taleb-Ahmed, A. Exact analysis of signal-to-noise ratio for SAC-OCDMA system with direct detection, Optik 145, 89–94 (2017). http://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.07.038
  32. Imtiaz, W. A., Ilyas, M. & Khan, Y. Performance optimization of spectral amplitude coding OCDMA system using new enhanced multi diagonal code. Infrared Phys. Technol. 79, 36–44 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2016.09.006
  33. Rec, I. U. (1988). G. 707: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy - Bit Rates. International Telecommunication Union, ITU-T. (1988).
  34. Kartalopoulos, S. V. Communication Networks. in Next Generation Intelligent Optical Networks, from Access to Backbone. (Springer, Boston, MA, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71756-2
  35. Calligaris Jr, A. O. & Silva, M.T.C. Multichannel Bandpass Optical Filter Integrated in Tandem For High-Speed Wavelength Division Multiplexed Systems. Revista Científica Periódica–Telecomunicações. 2, 28-29(1999). https://www.inatel.br/revista/downloads/marco-setembro-1999-s883750-1
  36. Naghar, A., Aghzout, O., Alejos, A. V., Sanchez, M. G. & Essaaidi, M. Design of compact wideband multi-band and ultra-wideband band pass filters based on coupled half wave resonators with reduced coupling gap. IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 9, 1786–1792 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2015.0188
  37. Adbulqader, S. G., Fadhil, H. A., Aljunid, S. A. & Safar, A. M. Performance Analysis of an OCDMA System Based on SPD Detection Utilizing Different Type of Optical Filters for Access Networks. in Advanced Computer and Communication Engineering Technology. (Cham Springer International Publishing, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07674-4_31
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Samia Driz
1
Benattou Fassi
1
Chahinaz Kandouci
1
Fodil Ghali
1

  1. Telecommunications and Digital Signal Processing Laboratory, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel Abbes, 22000 Algeria
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Effects of temperature variation on the performance of silicon heterojunction solar cells are studied using opto-electrical simulations. It is shown that the low-temperature cell efficiency is determined by the fill factor, while at high temperatures it depends on the open-circuit voltage. Simulations revealed that the low-temperature drop in the fill factor is caused by poor tunnelling, in particular at the ITO/p-a-Si:H heterojunction. The authors link this drop in fill factor to a low maximum-power-point voltage and show how poor tunnelling is reflected in the charge redistribution determining the device voltage. The effect of the contact work function on temperature behaviour of efficiency by varying the electron affinity of ITO layers has been demonstrated. It was also demonstrated that increasing the electron affinity of ITO on the p-side minimises the work function mismatch, leading to significant improvements in efficiency, especially at low temperatures, while optimisation on the n-side results in marginal improvements over the entire temperature range. In addition to the cumulative effects of the temperature-dependent parameters, their individual contributions to the efficiency were also investigated. Moreover, it was presented that the thermal energy (kT) determines the efficiency temperature behaviour, while other parameters play only a minor role. This paper shows how temperature variations affect device performance parameters.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Green, M. et al. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 57). Prog. Photovolt. 29, 3–15 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3371
  2. Langner, A. Photovoltaics Report. ise.frauenhofer https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/ise/de/documents/publications/studies/Photovoltaics-Report.pdf (2021). (Accessed: 8th Nov. 2021).
  3. Battaglia, C., Cuevas, A. & De Wolf, S. High-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells: status and perspectives. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 1552–1576 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EE03380B
  4. Feldmann, F., Reichel, M. B. C., Hermle, M. & Glunz, S. W. A Passivated Rear Contact for High-Efficiency n-Type Silicon Solar Cells Enabling High Vocs and FF>82 %. in 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition 988–992 (2013). https://doi.org/10.4229/28thEUPVSEC2013-2CO.4.4
  5. Luque, A. & Hegedus, S. Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering. (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2011).
  6. Yamaguchi, M., Dimroth, F., Geisz, J. F. & Ekins-Daukes, N. J. Multi-junction solar cells paving the way for super high-efficiency. J. Appl. Phys. 129, 240901 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0048653
  7. Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart. National Renewable Energy Laboratory https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.html (Accessed: 27th Dec. 2021).
  8. Yoshikawa, K. et al. Silicon heterojunction solar cell with inter-digitated back contacts for a photoconversion efficiency over 26  %. Nat. Energy 2, 17032 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.32
  9. Richter, A., Hermle, M. & Glunz, S. W. Reassessment of the limiting efficiency for crystalline silicon solar cells. IEEE J. Photovolt. 3, 1184–1191 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2270351
  10. Jaeckel, B. et al. Combined Standard for PV Module Design Qualification and Type Approval: New IEC 61215 - Series. in 29th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC 2014) (2014).
  11. Cattin, J. et al. Optimized design of silicon heterojunction solar cells for field operating conditions. IEEE J. Photovolt. 9, 1541–1547 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2019.2938449
  12. SentaurusTM Device User Guide Q-2020.09-SP1. (2020).
  13. Cotfas, D. T., Cotfas, P. A. & Machidon, O. M. Study of temperature coefficients for parameters of photovoltaic cells. Int. J. Photoenergy 2018, 5945602 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5945602
  14. Dupré, O., Vaillon, R. & Green, M. A. Thermal Behavior of Photovoltaic Devices: Physics and Engineering. (Springer, 2016).
  15. Balent, J., Smole, F., Topic, M. & Krc, J. Numerical analysis of selective ito/a-si:h contacts in heterojunction silicon solar cells: effect of defect states in doped a-si:h layers on performance parameters. IEEE J. Photovolt. 11, 634–647 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2021.3063019
  16. Mikolášek, M., Racko, J. & Harmatha, L. Analysis of low temperature output parameters for investigation of silicon heterojunction solar cells. Appl. Surf. Sci. 395, 166–171 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.04.023
  17. Ganji, J. Numerical simulation of thermal behavior and optimization of a-Si/a-Si/C-Si/a-Si/A-Si hit solar cell at high temperatures. Electr. Eng. Electromech. 6, 47–52 (2017). https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2017.6.07
  18. Martini, L., Serenelli, L., Menchini, F., Izzi, M. & Tucci, M. Silicon heterojunction solar cells toward higher fill factor. Prog. Photovolt. 28, 307–320 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3241
  19. Heidarzadeh, H. Performance analysis of an HJ-IBC silicon solar cell in ultra-high temperatures: possibility of lower reduction efficiency rate. Silicon 12, 1369–1377 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-019-00230-5
  20. Abdallah, A. et al. Towards an optimum silicon heterojunction solar cell configuration for high temperature and high light intensity environment. Energy Procedia 124, 331–337 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.307
  21. Krč, J., Smole, F. & Topic, M. One-dimensional semi-coherent optical model for thin film solar cells with rough interfaces. Inform. MIDEM 32, 6–13 (2002). http://www.midem-drustvo.si/Journal%20papers/MIDEM_32(2002)1p6.pdf
  22. Lokar, Z. et al. Coupled modelling approach for optimization of bifacial silicon heterojunction solar cells with multi-scale interface textures. Opt. Express 27, A1554–A1568 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.0A1554
  23. Holman, Z. C. et al. . Current losses at the front of silicon heterojunction solar cells. IEEE J. Photovolt. 2, 7–15 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2011.2174967
  24. Holman, Z. C. et al.. Infrared light management in high-efficiency silicon heterojunction and rear-passivated solar cells. J. Appl. Phys. 113, 013107 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4772975
  25. Palik, E. D. Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids. (Academic Press, Elsevier, 1997).
  26. Kanevce, A. & Metzger, W. K. The role of amorphous silicon and tunnelling in heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cells. J. Appl. Phys. 105, 094507 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3106642
  27. Procel, P. Opto-electrical modelling and optimization study of a novel IBC c-Si solar cell. Prog. Photovolt. 25, 452–469 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2874
  28. Procel, P., Yang, G., Isabella, O. & Zeman, M. Theoretical evaluation of contact stack for high efficiency IBC-SHJ solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 186, 66–77 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.06.021
  29. Shu, Z., Das, U., Allen, J., Birkmire, R. & Hegedus, S. Experimental and simulated analysis of front versus all-back-contact silicon heterojunction solar cells: effect of interface and doped a-Si:H layer defects. Prog. Photovolt. 23, 78–93 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2400
  30. Richter, A., Glunz, S. W., Werner, F., Schmidt, J. & Cuevas, A. Improved quantitative description of Auger recombination in crystalline silicon. Phys. Rev. B 86, 165202 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.165202
  31. Filipic, M., Smole, F. & Topic, M. Optimization of Interdigitated Back Contact Geometry in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell. in 14th International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD 14) 161–162 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/NUSOD.2014.6935406
  32. Lombardi, C., Manzini, S., Saporito, A. & Vanzi, M. A physically based mobility model for numerical simulation of nonplanar devices. IEEE T. Comput. Aid. D. 7, 1164–1171 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1109/43.9186
  33. Bludau, W., Onton, A. & Heinke, W. Temperature dependence of the band gap of silicon. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 1846–1848 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1663501
  34. Riesen, Y., Stuckelberger, M., Haug, F.-J., Ballif, C. & Wyrsch, N. Temperature dependence of hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cell performances. J. Appl. Phys. 119, 044505 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4940392
  35. Tauc, J. Optical properties and electronic structure of amorphous Ge and Si. Mater. Res. Bull. 3, 37–46 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(68)90023-8
  36. Zanatta, A. R. Revisiting the optical band gap of semiconductors and the proposal of a unified methodology to its determination. Sci. Rep. 9, 11225 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47670-y
  37. Taguchi, M., Maruyama, E. & Tanaka, M. Temperature dependence of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47, 814–818 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.47.814
  38. Cattin, J. Influence of the Thicknesses of The Amorphous Silicon Layers on The Efficiency of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells for Various Climates. in 27th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference (PVSEC-27) (2017). https://pvsec-27.com/wp-content/themes/pvsec27/abstract/pages/abst/10389.pdf
  39. Cattin, J. Characterisation of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Beyond Standard Test Conditions. (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 2020).
  40. Klein, A. et al. transparent conducting oxides for photovoltaics: manipulation of fermi level, work function and energy band alignment. Materials 3, 4892–4914 (2010). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma3114892
  41. Bivour, M., Schröer, S. & Hermle, M. Numerical analysis of electrical TCO / a-Si:H(p) contact properties for silicon heterojunction solar cells. Energy Procedia 38, 658–669 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.330
  42. Bivour, M. Silicon heterojunction solar cells: Analysis and basic understanding. (Fraunhofer Verlag, Freiburg, 2017).
  43. Sachenko, A. V. et al. The temperature dependence of the characteristics of crystalline-silicon-based heterojunction solar cells. Tech. Phys. Lett. 42, 313–316 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063785016030305
  44. Saive, R. S-shaped current–voltage characteristics in solar cells: A Review. IEEE J. Photovolt. 9, 1477–1484 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2019.2930409
  45. Palma, A., Godoy, A., Jiménez-Tejada, J. A., Carceller, J. E. & López-Villanueva, J. A. Quantum two-dimensional calculation of time constants of random telegraph signals in metal-oxide-semiconductor structures. Phys. Rev. B 56, 9565–9574 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.56.9565
  46. Jiménez-Molinos, F., Gámiz, F., Palma, A., Cartujo, P. & López-Villanueva, J. A. Direct and trap-assisted elastic tunneling through ultrathin gate oxides. J. Appl. Phys. 91, 5116–5124 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1461062
  47. Procel, P. et al.The role of heterointerfaces and subgap energy states on transport mechanisms in silicon heterojunction solar cells. Prog. Photovolt. 28, 935–945 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3300
  48. Lin, L. & Ravindra, N. M. Temperature dependence of CIGS and perovskite solar cell performance: an overview. SN Appl. Sci. 2, 1361 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-3169-2
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jošt Balent
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marko Topič
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janez Krč
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

We developed a three-stage, amplifying, tunable diode laser system that comprises a master laser in a Littrow configuration, frequency-stabilized by dichroic atomic vapour laser lock, acousto-optic frequency shifter, injection-locked slave laser, and tapered amplifier. The slave amplifies the injected frequency-shifted master beam while suppressing (within 0.5  %) the strong dependence of its intensity on the acousto-optic frequency shifter carrier frequency, thus acting as a strongly saturated optical limiting amplifier with constant output power. The resulting beam is then amplified in a tapered amplifier. The system provides an output power above 700 mW at a wavelength of 780 nm, with a time-averaged linewidth of 0.6 MHz, and a frequency drift below 2 MHz/h. Dichroic atomic vapour laser lock enables frequency stabilization in the range of 400 MHz around D2 lines of rubidium. The mode-hop-free tuning range amounts to 2 GHz. Determined by the acousto-optic frequency shifter model used, the fine-tuning range (precision of few tens kHz) spans 70 MHz. A description of the system was presented and its performance was tested. The basic components have been designed in our laboratory.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Welch, D. F. A brief history of high-power semiconductor lasers. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6, 1470–1477 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1109/2944.902203
  2. Wieman, C. E & Hollberg, L. Using diode lasers for atomic physics. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 1–20 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1142305
  3. Galbács, G.  A review of applications and experimental improvements related to diode laser atomic spectroscopy. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 41, 259–303 (2006) . https://doi.org/10.1080/05704920600620378
  4. Mroziewicz, B. External cavity wavelength tunable semiconductor lasers: a review. Opto-Electron. Rev. 16, 347–366 (2008). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11772-008-0045-9
  5. Nasim, H. & Jamil, Y. Recent advancements in spectroscopy using tunable diode lasers. Laser Phys. 10, 043001 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/1612-2011/10/4/043001
  6. MacAdam, K. B., Steinbach A. & Wieman, C. A narrow-band tunable diode laser system with grating feedback and a saturated absorption spectrometer for Cs and Rb. Am. J. Phys. 60, 1098–1111 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1119/1.16955
  7. Merimaa, M. et al. Compact external-cavity diode laser with a novel transmission Opt. Commun. 174, 175–180, (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00654-9
  8. Laurila, T., Joutsenoja, T., Hernberg, R. & Kuittinen, M. Tunable external-cavity diode laser at 650 nm based on a transmission diffraction grating. Appl. Opt. 41, 5632–5637 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.005632
  9. Hoppe, M. et al. Construction and characterization of external cavity diode lasers based on a microelectromechanical system device. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 25, 2700109 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2019.2912059
  10. Hieta, T., Vainio, M., Moser, C. & Ikonen, E. External-cavity lasers based on a volume holographic grating at normal incidence for spectroscopy in the visible range. Opt. Commun. 282, 3119–3123 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2009.04.047
  11. Luvsandamdin, E. et al. Micro-integrated extended cavity diode lasers for precision potassium spectroscopy in space. Opt. Express. 22, 7790–7798 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.007790
  12. Rauch, S. & Sacher, J. Compact Bragg grating stabilized ridge waveguide laser module with a power of 380 mW at 780 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27, 1737–1740 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2015.2438545
  13. Allard, F., Maksimovic, I., Abgrall, M. & Laurent, Ph. Automatic system to control the operation of an extended cavity diode laser. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 54–58 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1634359
  14. Gilowski, M. et al. Narrow bandwidth interference filter-stabilized diode laser systems for the manipulation of neutral Opt. Commun. 280, 443–447 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2007.08.043
  15. Thompson, D. J. & Scholten, R. E. Narrow linewidth tunable external cavity diode laser using wide bandwidth Rev. Sci. Instrum 83, 023107 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3687441
  16. Yang, W., Joshi, A., Wang, H. & Xiao, M. Simple method for frequency locking of an extended- cavity diode Appl. Opt. 43, 5547–5551 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.43.005547
  17. Li, H. & Telle, H. R. Efficient frequency noise reduction of GaA1As semiconductor lasers by optical feedback from an external high-finesse resonator. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 25, 257–264 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1109/3.18538
  18. Hayasaka, K. Frequency stabilization of an extended-cavity violet diode laser by resonant optical feedback. Opt. Commun. 206, 401–409 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030- 4018(02)01446-3
  19. Vassiliev, V. V. et al. Narrow-line-width diode laser with a high-Q microsphere Opt. Comm. 158, 305–312 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(98)00578-1
  20. Liang, W. et al. Whispering-gallery-mode-resonator-based ultranarrow linewidth external- cavity semiconductor Opt. Lett. 35, 2822–2824 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.35.002822
  21. Ricci, et al. A compact grating-stabilized diode laser system for atomic physics. Opt. Commun. 117, 541–549 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(95)00146-Y
  22. Arnold, A. S., Wilson, J. S. & Boshier, M. G. A simple extended-cavity diode laser. Rev. Instrum. 69, 1236–1239 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1148756
  23. Harvey, K. C. & Myatt, C.  J. External-cavity diode laser using a grazing-incidence diffraction grating. Lett. 16, 910–912 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.16.000910
  24. Stry, S. et al. Widely tunable diffraction limited 1000 mW external cavity diode laser in Littman/Metcalf configuration for cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. B 85, 365–374 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-006-2348-1
  25. Nilse, L., Davies, H. J. & Adams, C. S. Synchronous tuning of extended cavity diode lasers: the case for an optimum pivot point. Appl. Opt. 38, 548–553 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.38.000548
  26. Saliba, S. D., Junker, M., Turner, L. D. & Scholten, R. E. Mode stability of external cavity diode lasers. Appl. Opt. 48, 6692–6700 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.48.006692
  27. Petridis, C., Lindsay, I. D., Stothard, D. J. M. & Ebrahimzadeh, M. Mode-hop-free tuning over 80 GHz of an extended cavity diode laser without antireflection coating. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 3811– 3815 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1405783
  28. Hult, J., Burns, I. S. & Kaminski, C. F., Wide-bandwidth mode-hop-free tuning of extended- cavity GaN diode lasers. Appl. Opt. 44, 3675–3685 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.44.003675
  29. Vassiliev, V. V., Zibrov, S. A. & Velichansky, V. L. Compact extended-cavity diode laser for atomic spectroscopy and metrology. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 013102 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2162448
  30. Führer, T., Stang, D. & Walther, T. Actively controlled tuning of an external cavity diode laser by polarization spectroscopy. Opt. Express 17, 4991–4996 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.004991
  31. Repasky,  S., Nehrir, A. R., Hawthorne, J.  T., Switzer, G. W. & Carlsten, J. L. Extending the continuous tuning range of an external-cavity diode laser. Appl. Opt. 45, 9013-9020 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.009013
  32. Boshier, M. G., Berkeland, D., Hinds, E. A. & Sandoghdar, V. External-cavity frequency- stabilization of visible and infrared semiconductor lasers for high resolution spectroscopy. Comun. 85, 335–359 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(91)90490-5
  33. Dutta, S., Elliott, D. S. & Chen, Y. P. Mode-hop-free tuning over 135 GHz of external cavity diode lasers without antireflection coating. Appl. Phys. B 106, 629–633 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-011-4841-4
  34. Zhu, Y., Liu Z., Zhang, X., Shao, S. & Yan, H. Dynamic mode matching of internal and external cavities for enhancing the mode-hop-free synchronous tuning characteristics of an external-cavity diode laser. Appl. Phys. B 125, 217 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-019-7335-4
  35. Lotem, H., Pan, Z. & Dagenais, M. Tunable external cavity diode laser that incorporates a polarization half-wave plate. Appl. Opt. 31, 7530–7532 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.31.007530
  36. Saliba, S. D. & Scholten, R. E., Linewidths below 100 kHz with external cavity diode Appl. Opt. 48, 6961–6966, (2009). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.48.006961
  37. Genty, G., Gröhn, A., Talvitie, H., Kaivola, M. & Ludvigsen, H. Analysis of the linewidth of a grating-feedback GaAlAs laser. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 1193–1198 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1109/3.880660
  38. Loh, H. et al. Influence of grating parameters on the linewidths of external-cavity diode lasers. Appl. Opt. 45, 9191–9197 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.009191
  39. Talvitie, H., Pietiläinen, A., Ludvigsen, H. & Ikonen, E. Passive frequency and intensity stabilization of extended-cavity diode lasers. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 1–7 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1147810
  40. Turner, L. D., Weber, K. P., Hawthorn, C. J. & Scholten, R. E. Frequency noise characterization of narrow linewidth diode lasers. Opt. Comm. 201, 391–397 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(01)01689-3
  41. Bennetts, S. et al. External cavity diode lasers with 5 kHz linewidths and 200 nm tuning range at 1.55 μm. Opt. Expr. 22, 10642–10654 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.010642
  42. Sahagun, D., Bolpasi, V. & von Klitzing, W. A simple and highly reliable laser system with microwave generated repumping light for cold atom experiments. Opt.Commun. 290, 110–114 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2012.10.013
  43. Cook, E. C., Martin, P. J., Brown-Heft, T. L., Garman, J. C. & Steck, D. A. High-passive-stability diode-laser design for use in atomic-physics experiments. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 043101 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3698003
  44. Libbrecht, K. G. & Hall, J. A low-noise high-speed diode laser current controller. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 2133–2135 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1143949
  45. Lazar, J., Jedlička, P., Čip, O. & Ružička, B. Laser diode current controller with a high level of protection against electromagnetic interference. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 3816–3819 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1593783
  46. Erickson, C. J., Zijll, M. V., Doermann, G. & Durfee, D. S. An ultra-high stability, low-noise laser current driver with digital control. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 073107 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2953597
  47. Taubman, M. S. Low-noise high-performance current controllers for quantum cascade Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 064704 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3600602
  48. Meyrath, T. P. An analog current controller design for laser diodes. Atom Optics Laboratory Center for Nonlinear Dynamics University of Texas at Austin, https://atomoptics-nas.uoregon.edu/ta_circuit/meyrath_laser_diode.pdf (2003), (Accessed: 30th July 2021).
  49. Madhavan Unni, P. K., Gunasekaran, M. K. & Kumar, A. ±30 μK temperature controller from 25 to 103 °C: Study and analysis. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 231 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1529299
  50. Libbrecht, K. G. & Libbrecht, A. W. A versatile thermoelectric temperature controller with 10 mK reproducibility and 100 mK absolute accuracy. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 126107 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3274204
  51. Millett-Sikking, A., Hughes, I. G., Tierney, P. & Cornish, S. L. DAVLL lineshapes in atomic rubidium. Phys. B 40, 187–198 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/40/1/017
  52. Krzemień, L. et al. Laser frequency stabilization by magnetically assisted rotation spectroscopy. Opt. Commun. 284, 1247–1253 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2010.11.024
  53. Black, E. D. An introduction to Pound–Drever–Hall laser frequency stabilization. Am. J. Phys. 69, 79–87 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1286663
  54. Appel, J., MacRae, A. & Lvovsky, A. I. A versatile digital GHz phase lock for external cavity diode Meas. Sci. Technol. 20, 055302 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-233/20/5/055302
  55. Chéron, B., Gilles, H. Hamel, J., Moreau, O. & Sorel, H. Laser frequency stabilization using Zeeman effect. J. Physique III France 4, 401–406 (1994). (in French) https://doi.org/10.1051/jp3:1994136
  56. Corwin, K. L., Lu, Z.-T., Hand, C. F., Epstein, R. J. & Wieman, C. E. Frequency-stabilized diode laser with the Zeeman shift in an atomic vapor. Appl. Opt. 37, 3295–3298 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.37.003295
  57. Pustelny, S., Schultze, V., Scholtes, T. & Budker, D. Dichroic atomic vapor laser lock with multi-gigahertz stabilization range. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 063107 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4952962
  58. Wąsik, G., Gawlik, W., Zachorowski, J. & Zawadzki, W. Laser frequency stabilization by Doppler-free magnetic dichroism. Appl. Phys. B 75, 613–619 (2002).https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-002-1041-2
  59. Harris, M. L., Cornish, S. L., Tripathi, A. & Hughes, I. G. Optimization of sub-Doppler DAVLL on the rubidium D2 line. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41, 085401 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/41/8/085401
  60. Marchant, A. L. et al. Off-resonance laser frequency stabilization using the Faraday Opt. Lett. 36, 64–66 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.36.000064
  61. Walpole, J. N. Semiconductor amplifiers and lasers with tapered gain regions. Opt. Electron. 28, 623–645 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00411298
  62. Jechow, A. et al. 1 W tunable near diffraction limited light from a broad area laser diode in an external cavity with a line width of 1.7 MHz. Opt. Commun. 277, 161–165 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2007.05.003
  63. Bayram, S. B. & Coons, R. W. Operation of a frequency-narrowed high-beam quality broad- area laser by a passively stabilized external cavity technique. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 116103 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2804015
  64. Sell, J. F., Miller, W., Wright, D., Zhdanov, B. V. & Knize, R. J. Frequency narrowing of a 25 W broad area diode laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 051115 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3079418
  65. Goyal, A. K., Gavrilovic, P. & Po, H. Stable single-frequency operation of a high-power external cavity tapered diode laser at 780 nm. Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1296–1298 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.119876
  66. Wakita, A. & Sugiyama, K. Single-frequency external-cavity tapered diode laser in a double- ended cavity configuration. Rev. Instrum. 71, 1–4 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1150150
  67. Chi, M. et al. Tunable high-power narrow-linewidth semiconductor laser based on an external-cavity tapered amplifier. Opt. Express 13, 10589–10596 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1364/OPEX.13.010589
  68. Voigt, D., Schilder, E. C., Spreeuw, R. J. C. & van Linden van den Heuvell, H. B. Characterization of a high-power tapered semiconductor amplifier system. Appl. Phys. B 72, 279–284 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s003400100513
  69. Lang, R. Injection locking properties of a semiconductor laser. IEEE J. Quantum. Electron. 18, 976–983 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.1982.1071632
  70. Blin, S. et al. Phase and spectral properties of optically injected semiconductor lasers. C. Phys. 4, 687–699 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1631-0705(03)00083-5
  71. Shvarchuck, I., Dieckmann, K., Zielonkowski, M. & Walraven, J. T. M. Broad-area diode-laser system for a rubidium Bose−Einstein condensation experiment. Appl. Phys. B 71, 475–480 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s003400000395
  72. Sasaki, K., Yoneyama, T., Nakamura, T., Sato, S. & Takeyama, A. Semiconductor laser based, injection locking maintaining broad linewidth generated by a direct current modulation of a master laser. Sci. Instrum. 77, 096107 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2349595
  73. Wilson, A. C., Sharpe, J. C., McKenzie, C. R., Manson, P. J. & Warrington, D. M. Narrow- linewidth master-oscillator power amplifier based on a semiconductor tapered amplifier. Appl. Opt. 37, 4871–4975 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.37.004871
  74. Nyman, R. A. et al. Tapered-amplified antireflection-coated laser diodes for potassium and rubidium atomic-physics experiments. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 033105 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2186809
  75. Xiong, Y., Murphy, S., Carlsten, J. L. & Repasky, K. Design and characteristics of a tapered amplifier diode system by seeding with continuous-wave and mode-locked external cavity diode laser. Opt. Eng. 45, 124205 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2404925
  76. Bolpasi, V. & von Klitzing, W. Double-pass tapered amplifier diode laser with an output power of 1 W for an injection power of only 200 μw. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 113108 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3501966
  77. Kangara, J. C. B. et al. Design and construction of cost-effective tapered amplifier systems for laser cooling and trapping experiments. Am. J. Phys. 82, 805–817 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1119/1.4867376
  78. Hawthorn, C. J. Weber, K. P. & Scholten, R. E. Littrow configuration tunable external cavity diode laser with fixed direction output beam. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 4477–4479 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1419217
  79. Kowalski, K. DLC 300 Laser Controller. Operating Manual. Institute of Physics PAS. http://info.ifpan.edu.pl/ON-2/on22/MOT/current_controller.html (Accessed: 30th July 2021)
  80. Kowalski, K. LTC302 Temperature Controller. Operating Manual. Institute of Physics PAS. http://info.ifpan.edu.pl/ON-2/on22/MOT/temperature_controller.html (Accessed: 30th July 2021)
  81. Yashchuk, V. V., Budker, D. & Davis, J. R. Laser frequency stabilization using linear magneto- optics. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 341–346 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1150205
  82. Beverini N., Maccioni, E., Marsili, P., Ruffini, A. & Sorrentino. F. Frequency stabilization of a diode laser on the Cs D2 resonance line by the Zeeman effect in a vapor cell. Appl. Phys. B 73, 133– 138 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s003400100618
  83. Donley, E. A., Heavner, T. P., Levi, F., Tataw, M. O. & Jefferts, S. R. Double-pass acousto-optic modulator Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 063112 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1930095
  84. de Carlos-López, E., López, J. M., López, S., Espinosa, M. G. & Lizama, L. A. Note: Laser frequency shifting by using two novel triple-pass acousto-optic modulator configurations. Rev. Instrum. 83, 116102 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4758998
  85. Buchkremer, F. B. J., Dumke, R., Buggle, Ch., Birkl, G. & Termer, W. Low-cost setup for generation of 3 GHz frequency difference phase-locked laser light. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 3306–3308 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1287633
  86. Yun, P., Tan, B., Deng, W. & Gu, S. High coherent bi-chromatic laser with gigahertz splitting produced by the high diffraction orders of acousto-optic modulator used for coherent population trapping Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 123104 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3665986
  87. Gunawardena, M., Hess, P., W. Strait, J. & Majumder, P. K. A frequency stabilization technique for diode lasers based on frequency-shifted beams from an acousto-optic modulator. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 103110 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3006386
  88. Liu, Z. & Slavik, R., Optical injection locking: from principle to applications. J. Lightw. Technol. 38, 43–59 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2019.2945718
  89. Lau, E. K., Wong, L. J. & Wu, M. C. Enhanced modulation characteristics of optical injection- locked lasers: A tutorial. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15, 618–633 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2014779
  90. Vainio, M., Merimaa, M. & Nyholm, K. Modulation transfer characteristics of injection-locked diode Opt. Commun. 267, 455–463 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.06.054
  91. Gertsvolf, M. & Rosenbluh, M. Injection locking of a diode laser locked to a Zeeman frequency stabilized laser oscillator. Opt. Commun. 170, 269–274 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00470-8
  92. Smith, D. A. & Hughes, I. G. The role of hyperfine pumping in multilevel systems exhibiting saturated absorption. Am. J. Phys. 72, 631 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1652039 
  93. Siddons, P., Adams, C. S., Ge, C. & Hughes, I. G Absolute absorption on rubidium D lines: comparison between theory and experiment. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41, 155004 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/41/15/155004
  94. Haldar, M. K., Coetzee, J. C. & Gan, K. B. Optical frequency modulation and intensity modulation suppression in a master–slave semiconductor laser system with direct modulation of the master laser. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 41, 280–286 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2004.841501
  95. Fragkos, A., Bogris, A., Syvridis, D. & Phelan, R. Amplitude noise limiting amplifier for phase encoded signals using injection locking in semiconductor lasers. J. Lightw. Technol. 30, 764–771 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2011.2178816
  96. Lin, P.-Y., Shiau, B.-W., Hsiao, Y.-F. & Chen, Y.-C. Creation of arbitrary spectra with an acousto-optic modulator and an injection-locked diode laser. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 083108 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3626903
  97. Haverkamp, M., Kochem, G. & Boucke, K. Single mode fiber coupled tapered laser module with frequency stabilized spectrum. Proc. SPIE 6876, 68761D1-11 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.764801
  98. Taskova, E., Gateva, S., Alipieva, E., Kowalski, K., Głódź, M. & Szonert, J. Nonlinear Faraday rotation for optical limitation. Appl. Opt. 43, 4178–4181 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.43.004178
  99. Deninger, A., Kraft, S., Lison, F. & Zimmermann, C. Rubidium spectroscopy with 778- to 780- nm distributed feedback laser diodes. Proc. SPIE 5722, 5722–61 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.590386
  100. Wells, S. R., Miyabe, M. & Hasegawa, S. Design, construction, and characterization of a single unit external cavity diode laser coupled tapered amplifier system for atomic physics. Opt. Laser Technol. 126, 106118 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106118
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Szonert
1
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Głódź
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Kowalski
1

  1. Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Filter bank multicarrier waveform is investigated as a potential waveform for visible light communication broadcasting systems. Imaginary inter-carrier and/or inter-symbol interference are causing substantial performance degradation in the filter bank multicarrier system. Direct current-biased optical filter bank multicarrier modulation overcomes all the problems of direct current-biased optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation approaches in terms of speed and bandwidth. However, it also wastes a lot of energy while transforming a true bipolar signal into a positive unipolar signal by adding direct current-bias. In this paper, a flip-filter bank multicarrier-based visible light communication system was introduced to overcome this problem. In this system, a bipolar signal is converted to a unipolar signal by isolating the positive and negative parts, turning them to positive and then delivering the signal. Also, a new channel estimation scheme for a flip-filter bank multicarrier system is proposed which improves the channel estimation performance compared to that of each of the conventional schemes. The proposed system performance is measured in terms of bit error rate, normalized mean squared error, and constellation diagram. The superiority of the proposed scheme over other conventional structures has been successfully verified by MATLAB 2020b simulation experiments results. These results are evaluated under indoor visible light communication standard.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Kumar, S. & Singh, P. Filter bank multicarrier modulation schemes for visible light communication. Pers. Commun. 113, 2709–2722 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07347-6
  2. Wang, J. Y. et al. Performance analysis and improvement for secure vlc with slipt and random terminals. IEEE Access 8, 73645–73658 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988470
  3. Chen, R. et al. Visible light communication using DC-biased optical filter bank multi-carrier modulation. in 2018 Global LIFI Congress (GLC) 1–6 (2018). https://doi.org/10.23919/GLC.2018.8319094
  4. Al Hammadi, A., Sofotasios, P. C., Muhaidat, S., Al-Qutayri, M. & Elgala, H. Non-orthogonal multiple access for hybrid VLC-RF networks with imperfect channel state information. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 70, 398–411 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2020.3044837
  5. Tanaka, Y., Komine, T., Haruyama, S. & Nakagawa, M. Indoor visible communication utilizing plural white LEDs as lighting. in 12th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) F81–F85 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2001.965300
  6. Mohammed, N. A., Elnabawy, M. M. & Khalaf, A. A. M. PAPR reduction using a combination between precoding andnon-linear companding techniques foraco-ofdm-based VLC systems. Opto-Electron. Rev. 29, 59–70 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.135829
  7. Qasim, A. A., Abdullah, M. F. L. & Talib, R. Adaptive DCO-FBMC in visible light communication. in IOP Conferene: Material Science and Engineering 812018 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/767/1/012018
  8. Kumar, S. & Singh, P. Spectral efficient asymmetrically clipped hybrid FBMC for visible light communication. J. Opt. 2021, (2021). https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8897928
  9. Abouldahab, M. A., Fouad, M. M. & Roshdy, R. A. A proposed preamble based channel estimation method for FBMC in 5G wireless channels. in 35th IEEE National Radio Science Confernce (NRSC) 140–148 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/NRSC.2018.8354382
  10. Roshdy, R. A., Aboul-Dahab, M. A. & Fouad, M. M. A modified interference approximation scheme for improving preamble based channel estimation performance in FBMC system. J. Comput. Networks Commun. 12, 19–35 (2020). https://doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2020.12102
  11. Sun, J. et al. Channel estimation approach with low pilot overhead in FBMC/OQAM Systems. Commun. Mob. Comput. 2021, 5533399 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5533399
  12. Liu, W., Schwarz, S., Rupp, M. & Jiang, T. Pairs of pilots design for preamble-based channel estimation in OQAM/FBMC systems. IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. 10, 488–492 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3035388
  13. El-Ganiny, M. Y., Klialaf, A. A. M., Hussein, A. I. & Hamed, H. F. A. A preamble based channel estimation methods for FBMC waveform: A comparative study. Procedia Comput. Sci. 182, 63–70 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.02.009
  14. Kong, D. et al. Preamble-based MMSE channel estimation with low pilot overhead in MIMO-FBMC systems. IEEE Access 8, 148926–148934 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3015809
  15. Hu, S. et al. Training sequence design for efficient channel estimation in MIMO-FBMC systems. IEEE Access 5, 4747–4758 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2688399
  16. Wang, H. Sparse channel estimation for MIMO-FBMC/OQAM wireless communications in smart city applications. IEEE Access 6, 60666–60672 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875245
  17. Lélé, C., Javaudin, J. P., Legouable, R., Skrzypczak, A. & Siohan, P. Channel estimation methods for preamble-based OFDM/OQAM modulations. Trans. Telecommun. 19, 741–750 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.1332
  18. Du, J. & Signell, S. Novel preamble-based channel estimation for OFDM / OQAM systems. in 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications 1–6 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2009.5199226
  19. Kofidis, E. & Katselis, D. Improved interference approximation method for preamble-based channel estimation in FBMC/OQAM. in European Signal Processing Conference 1603–1607 (2011). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.42712
  20. Wang, H., Du, W. & Xu, L. Novel preamble design for channel estimation in FBMC/OQAM systems. KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst. 10, 3672–3688 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3837/tiis.2016.08.014
  21. Kashani, M. A. & Kavehrad, M. On the performance of single- and multi-carrie modulation schemes for indoor visible light communication systems. in 2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) 2084–2089 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2014.7037115
  22. Rehman, S. U., Ullah, S., Chong, P. H. J., Yongchareon, S. & Komosny, D. Visible light communication: A system perspective—Overview and challenges. Sensors 19, 1153 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051153
  23. Al-Ahmadi, S., Maraqa, O., Uysal, M. & Sait, S. M. Multi-user visible light communications: State-of-the-art and future directions. IEEE Access 6, 70555–70571 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2879885
  24. Shalaby, E. M., Dessouky, M. & Hussin, S. Performance evaluation of UFMC-based VLC systems using a modified SLM technique. Opto-Electron. Rev. 29, 85–90 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.135832
  25. Hussin, S. & Shalaby, E. M. Performance analysis of DFT-S-OFDM waveform for Li-Fi systems. Opto-Electron. Rev. 29, 167–174 (2021). https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2021.139753
  26. Qasim, A. A., Mohammedali, H. N., Abdullah, M. F. L., Talib, R. & Dhaam, H. Z. Enhanced Flip-FBMC visible light communication model. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci. 23, 1783–1793 (2021). https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1783-1793
  27. Elgala, H., Mesleh, R., Haas, H. & Pricope, B. OFDM visible light wireless communication based on white LEDs. in IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) 2185–2189 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2007.451
  28. Yesilkaya, A., Karatalay, O., Ogrenci, A. S. & Panayirci, E. Channel estimation for visible light communications using neural networks. in International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) 320–325 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2016.7727215
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed Y. El-Ganiny
1
Ashraf A. M. Khalaf
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aziza I. Hussein
3
ORCID: ORCID
Hesham F. A. Hamed
4

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Technological Institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Sharqia, Egypt
  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
  3. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Effat University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  4. Department of Telecommunications Engineering, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt

Instructions for authors

Guide for Authors

https://www.editorialsystem.com/opelre/journal/for_authors/

OPTO-ELECTRONICS REVIEW is an open access journal. This involves the payment of an article publishing charge (APC) by the authors, their institution or funding body. We make the article freely available immediately upon publication on PAS Jornals platform (https://journals.pan.pl/opelre)

As of July 1st, 2024, there are changes in the fees for open access publications in Opto-Electronics Review: 2000 PLN (500 EUR) - up to 8 pages of the journal format and mandatory over-length charges of 200 PLN (50 EUR) per page (see the above link with instructions for Authors for details)

Articles submitted by June 30th, 2024: existing fee: 1750 PLN (or 400 EUR)

Articles submitted from July 1st, 2024: new fee: 2000 PLN (or 500 EUR) - a flat fee per paper up to 8 pages of the journal format (each additional page will be charged an additional 200 PLN or 50 EUR).

Additional info

Opto-Electronics Review was established in 1992 for the publication of scientific papers concerning optoelectronics and photonics materials, system and signal processing. This journal covers the whole field of theory, experimental verification, techniques and instrumentation and brings together, within one journal, contributions from a wide range of disciplines. Papers covering novel topics extending the frontiers in optoelectronics and photonics are very encouraged. The main goal of this magazine is promotion of papers presented by European scientific teams, especially those submitted by important team from Central and Eastern Europe. However, contributions from other parts of the world are by no means excluded.

Articles are published in OPELRE in the following categories:

-invited reviews presenting the current state of the knowledge,

-specialized topics at the forefront of optoelectronics and photonics and their applications,

-refereed research contributions reporting on original scientific or technological achievements,

-conference papers printed in normal issues as invited or contributed papers.

Authors of review papers are encouraged to write articles of relevance to a wide readership including both those established in this field of research and non-specialists working in related areas. Papers considered as “letters” are not published in OPELRE.

Opto-Electronics Review is published quarterly as a journal of the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers (SEP) and Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS) in cooperation with the Military University of Technology and under the auspices of the Polish Optoelectronics Committee of SEP.

Abstracting and Indexing:

Arianta

BazTech

EBSCO relevant databases

EBSCO Discovery Service

SCOPUS relevant databases

ProQuest relevant databases

Clarivate Analytics relevant databases

WangFang

additionally:

ProQuesta (Ex Libris, Ulrich, Summon)

Google Scholar

Policies and ethics:

The editors of the journal place particular emphasis on compliance with the following principles:

Ethical policy of Opto-Electronics Review

The ethical policy of Opto-Electronics Review follows the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity and is also guided by the core practices and policies outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Authors must be honest in presenting their results and conclusions of their research. Research misconduct is harmful for knowledge.

Research results

Fabrication, falsification, or selective reporting of data with the intent to mislead or deceive is unethical, as is the theft of data or research results from others. The results of research should be recorded and maintained to allow for analysis and review. Following publication, the data should be retained for a reasonable period and made available upon request. Exceptions may be appropriate in certain circumstances to preserve privacy, to assure patent protection, or for similar reasons.

Authorship

All those who have made a significant contribution should be given chance to be cited as authors. Other individuals who have contributed to the work should be acknowledged. Articles should include a full list of the current institutional affiliations of all authors, both academic and corporate.

Competing interests

All authors, referees and editors must declare any conflicting or competing interests relating to a given article. Competing interests through their potential influence on behavior or content or perception may undermine the objectivity, integrity, or perceived value of publication.

Peer Review

We are committed to prompt evaluation and publication of fully accepted papers in Opto-Electronics Review’s publications. To maintain a high-quality publication, all submissions undergo a rigorous review process.

Characteristics of the peer review process are as follows:

• Simultaneous submissions of the same manuscript to different journals will not be tolerated.

• Manuscripts with contents outside the scope will not be considered for review.

• Opto-Electronics Review is a single-blind review journal.

• Papers will be refereed by at least 2 experts as suggested by the editorial board.

• In addition, Editors will have the option of seeking additional reviews when needed. Authors will be informed when Editors decide further review is required.

• All publication decisions are made by the journal’s Editor-in-Chief based on the referees’ reports. Authors of papers that are not accepted are notified promptly.

• All submitted manuscripts are treated as confidential documents. We expect reviewers to treat manuscripts as confidential material.

• Editors and reviewers involved in the review process should disclose conflicts of interest resulting from direct competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with any of the authors, and remove oneself from cases in which such conflicts preclude an objective evaluation. Privileged information or ideas that are obtained through peer review must not be used for competitive gain.

• A reviewer should be alert to potential ethical issues in the paper and should bring these to the attention of the editor, including any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which the reviewer has personal knowledge. Any statement, observation, derivation, or argument that had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation.

• Personal criticism is inappropriate.

Plagiarism

Reproducing text from other papers without properly crediting the source (plagiarism) or producing many papers with almost the same content by the same authors (self-plagiarism) is not acceptable. Submitting the same results to more than one journal concurrently is unethical. Exceptions are the review articles. Authors may not present results obtained by others as if they were their own. Authors should acknowledge the work of others used in their research and cite publications that have influenced the direction and course of their study.

Plagiarism is not tolerated. All manuscripts submitted to Opto-Electronics Review will be checked for plagiarism (copying text or results from other sources) and self-plagiarism (duplicating substantial parts of authors’ own published work without giving the appropriate references) using the CrossCheck database (iThenticate plagiarism checker).

Duplicate submission

Simultaneous submissions of the same manuscript to different journals will not be tolerated. The submitted article will be removed without consideration.

Corrections and retractions

All authors have an obligation to inform and cooperate with journal editors to provide prompt retractions or correction of errors in published works.

• The journal will issue retractions if:

• There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of misconduct (e.g., data fabrication or honest error - miscalculation or experimental error);

• The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-referencing, permission or justification (i.e., cases of redundant publication);

• It constitutes plagiarism;

• It reports unethical research.

• The journal will issue errata, if:

• A small portion of an otherwise reliable publication proves to be misleading (especially because of honest error);

• The author list is incorrect.

Other forms of misconduct include failure to meet clear ethical and legal requirements such as misrepresentation of interests, breach of confidentiality, lack of informed consent and abuse of research subjects or materials. Misconduct also includes improper dealing with infringements, such as attempts to cover up misconduct and reprisals on whistleblowers.

The primary responsibility for handling research misconduct is in the hands of those who employ the researchers. If a possible misconduct is brought to our attention, we will seek advice from the referees and the Editorial Board. If there is the evidence, we will resolve the matter by appropriate corrections in the printed and online journal; by refusing to consider an author's future work and by contacting affected authors and editors of other journals.

Human and Animal Rights

If the work involves the use of human subjects, the author should ensure that the work described has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans; Uniform Requirements for manuscripts submitted to Biomedical journals. Authors should include a statement in the manuscript that informed consent was obtained for experimentation with human subjects. The privacy rights of human subjects must always be observed.

All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines and should be carried out in accordance with the EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, and the authors should clearly indicate in the manuscript that such guidelines have been followed.

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more