Nauki Humanistyczne i Społeczne

LINGUISTICA SILESIANA

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LINGUISTICA SILESIANA | 2025 | vol. 46 | No 1

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Abstrakt

This article advances a specific approach to the categories of count and mass nouns in English. The proposal is to treat them as prototype categories, that is, as revealing the prototype effects (e.g. Geeraerts 2006 [1989]). The article aims to check whether such an approach is viable, and what consequences it would have, e.g. which nouns would instantiate the prototypes, and which would be marginal for the categories. This is done through an analysis of 30 count and 30 mass nouns that are used in over 1,700 utterances produced by native speakers of English.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Grzegorz Drożdż
1

  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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Abstrakt

With the occurrence of Machine Translation (MT) tools, their reduced efficiency was observed; hence, rules for translation evaluation were introduced among professionals. This paper examines the issue of Google Translate’s (GT’s) performance in the translation of legal texts from English into Polish based on an excerpt from The Louisiana Civil Code, which is studied in terms of errors made by GT and quality improvement in the post-editing (PE) process based on a manual evaluation metric chosen. In a comparative study, possible GT errors were classified in order to carry out PE and streamline legal MT while maintaining quality.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Edyta Źrałka
1

  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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Abstrakt

The present paper examines references to medical doctors in the history of English. Particular attention will be given to less formal expressions to trace the changing attitudes towards those involved in the healing art. Also, we will take a look at different ways of forming the terms under scrutiny, including the most productive word building processes (e.g. derivation, compounding, abbreviation) and formations characteristic of non-standard medical vocabularies. The study is based on the lexical material collected from dictionaries (the Historical Thesaurus of English (HTE), Thesaurus of Old English (TOE), Bosworth Toller's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (B-T), Middle English Dictionary (MED), Oxford English Dictionary (OED), and Green’s Dictionary of Slang (GDS)).

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marta Sylwanowicz
1

  1. University of Warsaw, Poland
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Abstrakt

The aim of the paper is a linguistic analysis of mechanisms responsible for construing and communicating emotions inherent in a text as reversed. The focus is on the phenomenon of modification of the emotional potential (germ. Emotionspotential) in a way that the recipient perceives one of the activated emotions as transformed into a different one. The method used in our research is the DIMEAN model proposed by Warnke and Spitzmüller (2008).

The research material consists of selected song lyrics in English and in German where emotional load is either reversed from negative to positive or vice versa. We posit that in construing emotions as reversed, conceptual metaphors play a salient role with other linguistic/discursive factors reinforcing the effect of the use of metaphors.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Magdalena Zyga
1

  1. Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Poland
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Abstrakt

This paper constitutes the first part of a research project aimed at examining the use of primary interjections in Shakespeare’s plays from the perspective of their pragmatic functions. The project is structured in three successive phases, beginning with the comedies and followed by analyses of the tragedies and historical plays. Each phase will explore how interjections function pragmatically within their respective dramatic contexts, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of Shakespeare’s use of these expressive linguistic elements across different genres. The paper surveys the pragmatic functions of primary interjections occurring in Shakespeare’s comedies, placed against the context of general discussion on the pragmatic functions of interjections and their use in theatre plays.
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Bibliografia

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CORPUS:

  1. Shakespeare, W. 2005. The Complete Works. S. Wells, G. Taylor (eds.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Drzazga
1

  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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Abstrakt

Introductory it is an important persuasive device in academic prose. This study analysed the variability of this structure in 200 public health research articles across the Introduction-Method-Result-Discussion part-genres. Occurrences of introductory it were analysed for their section-specific frequency, matrix predicate semantics, syntactic composition, and inclusion of modifying features. The results show both similarities and differences across the sections, reflecting their individual communicative purposes. For example, while all sections favour adjectives and mental and communication verbs as matrix predicates, the Methods section has a high proportion of predicates expressing dynamic and deontic modality. The findings advance our understanding of the rhetorical mechanics of academic prose, highlighting the strategic use of introductory it to fulfil section-specific functions. Pedagogically, the study offers practical insights for academic writers and educators who can use the structure to enhance disciplinary argumentation, rhetorical effectiveness and genre awareness in research writing.
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Bibliografia

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  4. Bruce, I. 2009. Results sections in sociology and organic chemistry articles: A genre analysis. English for Specific Purposes 28: 105-124.
  5. Casal, J.E., and X. Lu, X. Qiu, Y. Wang, G. Zhang 2021. Syntactic complexity across academic research article part genres: A cross-disciplinary perspective. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 52: 1-12.
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  41. Zhang, G. 2015. It is suggested that… or it is better to…? Forms and meanings of subject it-extraposition in academic and popular writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes 20: 1-13.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tatiana Szczygłowska
1

  1. University of Bielsko-Biala, Poland
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Abstrakt

Pole sport is gaining popularity and is contributing to the emerging subfield of sport linguistics. This study examines the language of the Polish pole sport community, focusing on the frequency of English lexical borrowings compared to native Polish equivalents. Results show that 57.3% of respondents recognize and use English terms, while 55.5% use Polish equivalents, indicating synonymous rather than preferential use. Additionally, the community demonstrates linguistic creativity by coining multiple alternative terms. These findings highlight a lack of linguistic unification within the community, likely due to the recency of the phenomenon.
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Bibliografia

  1. Anwar, N., and B. Anwar 2021. Attitude markers in sports news: A corpus-based study of native and non-native discourse. Journal of Corpus Linguistics 3: 1-21.
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  10. Kapusta, K. 2023. Ocena wpływu treningów pole dance na wybrane funkcje motoryczne oraz urazowość kończyn górnych u kobiet. Master’s thesis, Jagiellonian University.
  11. Kazibudzka, M. 2023. Rodzaje i częstotliwość kontuzji u kobiet trenujących pole dance. Master’s thesis, Jagiellonian University.
  12. Krystek, A. 2016. Empowerment (Upodmiotowienie) kobiet na przykładzie zajęć pole dance w krakowskich studiach tańca – ujęcie kulturowe. Bachelor’s thesis, Jagiellonian University.
  13. Kwan, S. 2017. When is contemporary dance? Dance Research Journal 49: 38-52.
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  32. Zabawa, M. 2010. The influence of English on the Polish language of internet message boards: Investigating the role of individual differences and the context. Linguistica Silesiana 31: 219-233.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Julia Seweryn
1

  1. Jagiellonian University
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Abstrakt

The present article aims to investigate the pragmatic-discursive value of Spanish canonical phraseological units (PUs). Based on a two-level metapragmatic model of phraseological meaning proposed by Timofeeva (2008, 2012, 2018), we analyze the contextual dependency of selected PUs, namely their inference within a larger utterance. In other words, we focus on the discursive behavior of PUs according to their inherent semantic complexity. Our object of study will be, on the one hand, PUs whose evaluative implicatures present a fixed character, that is, they impose their semantic load on the host utterance and thus respond to the pattern of conventional implicatures (CIs). On the other hand, we will analyze PUs whose evaluations can be affected by contextual circumstances despite showing a certain degree of conventionalization and, as a result, acquire characteristics of generalized conversational implicatures (GCIs). Finally, we will investigate PUs that develop particularized implicatures (PCIs), i.e. those generated in a given context and not necessarily based on the first level of phraseological meaning.
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Bibliografia

  1. Alvarado Ortega, M.B. 2006. ¿Son las fórmulas rutinarias enunciados independientes?. In T.L. Face and C.A. Klee (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 8th Hispanic Linguistic Symposium, 214-220. Cascadilla Proceedings Project: Sommerville. MA.
  2. Berbeira Gardón, J.L. 2008. Hacia un estudio léxico-pragmático de la gramaticalización: convencionalización de inferencias y conceptos ad hoc. In M.L. Mora Millán (ed.), Cognición & Lenguaje. Estudios en homenaje a José Luis Guijarro Morales, 19-44. Cádiz: University of Cádiz.
  3. Company y Company, C. 2004. ¿Gramaticalización o desgramaticalización? Reanálisis y subjetivización de verbos como marcadores discursivos en la historia del español”. Revista de Filología Española 84(1): 29-66.
  4. Corpas Pastor, G. 1996. Manual de Fraseología Española. Madrid: Gredos.
  5. Corpas Pastor, G. 2001. Corrientes actuales de la investigación fraseológica en Europa. Liburukia 46(1): 21-49.
  6. Dickens, Ch. 2004. David Copperfield. London: Penguin Books.
  7. García Hernández, B. 1997-1998. Semántica léxica. significado primario y significados secundarios. Voces 8-9: 293-318.
  8. Ibarretxe-Antuñano, I., and J. Valenzuela 2012. Lingüística Cognitiva. Barcelona: Anthropos.
  9. Mena Martínez, F. 2003. En torno al concepto de desautomatización fraseológica: aspectos básicos [available at http://www.tonosdigital.com/ojs/index.php/tonos/article/view/516,
  10. accessed: 15/05/2023].
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  14. Szyndler, A. 2014b. Zoomorfismos fraseológicos del español y del polaco: un estudio contrastivo desde el punto de vista de la lingüística cultural. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
  15. Szyndler, A. 2018. Un breve estudio de las unidades fraseológicas irónicas. In J. Bień, B. Brzozowska- Zburzyńska, A. M. López González and W. Nowikow (eds.), Lingüística hispánica en Polonia: tendencias y direcciones de investigación, 295-308. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
  16. Timofeeva, L. 2005. La ironía en las unidades fraseológicas. Interlingüística 16(2): 1069-1077.
  17. Timofeeva, L. 2007. Sobre la traducción de la fraseología: un enfoque pragmático. Interlingüística 17: 1029-1038.
  18. Timofeeva, L. 2008. Acerca de los aspectos traductológicos de la fraseología española [available at https://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/7707/1/tesis_doctoral_larissa_timofeeva.pdf , accessed: 16/05/2023].  
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DICTIONARIES:

  • CREA. Corpus de referencia del español actual [Banco de datos de la Real Academia española, available at  https://corpus.rae.es/creanet.html, accessed: 18/12/2024].
  • DDFH = Buitrago, A. 2005. Diccionario de dichos y frases hechas. Madrid: Espasa Calpe.
  • DDFH2= Salanova Arnal, J. A. 2010.  Diccionario de dichos y frases hechas. Zaragoza: Casa El Molino.
  • DLE= Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española, available at: https://dle.rae.es/, accessed: 16/12/2024].
  • DFDEA= Seco, M., Andrés, O. and Ramos, G. 2006. Diccionario fraseológico documentado del español actual. Madrid: Santillana.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Agnieszka Gwiazdowska
1

  1. University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Abstrakt

The present paper examines pronunciation tendencies observed in the articulation of vowels and consonants in modern political speeches by German Chancellor Olaf Scholz. It investigates which phonetic style of standard German pronunciation these speeches can be classified under, based on their segmental characteristics. The data were collected through the acoustic analysis of two speeches delivered by Olaf Scholz in the context of Putin’s attack on Ukraine. The analysis focuses on features such as the realization or elision of the schwa sound, the associated modification processes, and the articulation of the phoneme /r/ in content and function words. Our results showed that, in the analyzed speeches, the schwa sound is elided not only after a plosive, fricative, and lateral but also, to a large extent, after a nasal and a vowel. Moreover, this elision leads to the formation of partial and total contact assimilations according to the place of articulation and nasality, which occur with high frequency and intensity in both unstressed function words and accented content words.

The analysis of the realization of the phoneme /ʁ/ revealed that, even in the official context of political speech, the consonantal realization variant as a uvular fricative [ʁ] predominantly occurs in the onset of potentially stressed syllables. In addition, the number of positions in which elision and vocalization of the phoneme /ʁ/ dominate is increasing. This applies both to the position after long and short vowels as well as to the syllable onset of the unstressed syllable <-ren>, which can influence the phonetic characteristics of the preceding vowels.

The observed tendencies are characteristic of a speech style with reduced articulation precision and represent phonostylistic features of spontaneous speech. On the other hand, these tendencies suggest a certain softening of the German pronunciation norm, as the boundaries between the phonetic styles of formal and spontaneous speech are becoming more fluid. Moreover, such assimilation phenomena could give political speeches a more natural and authentic sound.
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Bibliografia

  1. Boersma, P., and D. Weenik Praat: doing phonetics by computer. URL: http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/ [Zugriff am 01.02.2025].
  2. Dahmen, S., C. Weth 2018. Phonetik, Phonologie und Schrift. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh.
  3. Eichinger, L. 2018. Keine Grammatik der politischen Sprache. In F. Annamaria und I. Trost (Hrsg.), Sprachgebrauch in der Politik. Grammatische, lexikalische, pragmatische, kulturelle und dialektologische Perspektiven, 35-54. Berlin: de Gruyter. S.
  4. Felder, E. 1995. Kognitive Muster der politischen Sprache. Frankfurt am Main: Lang.
  5. Girnth, H. 2015. Sprache und Sprachverwendung in der Politik. Berlin / Boston: Walter de Gruyter.
  6. Hakkarainen, H.J. 1995. Phonetik des Deutschen. München: Fink.
  7. Hall, T.A. 2011. Phonologie: eine Einführung. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  8. Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. 2007. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  9. Machelett, K. 1994. Das Lesen von Sonagrammen in der Phonetik. München: LMU.
  10. Neumann, A. 2004. Sprachliche Kommunikation im Wahlkampf: Phonetische Merkmale des politischen Diskurses. Abschlussarbeit zur Erlangung des Magister Artium im Fachbereich Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität.
  11. Niehr, Th. 2021. Politischer Sprachgebrauch. Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature 45(1): 75-85.
  12. Nycz, K., Z. Tęcza 2023. Phonostilistische und regionale Variation der deutschen Aussprache in den orthoepischen Nachschlagewerken der dritten Generation. Lexikos 33(1): 166-183.
  13. Rues, B., B. Bedecker, E. Koch, U. Wallraff and A.P. Simpson 2009. Phonetische Transkription des Deutschen. Ein Arbeitsbuch. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
  14. Skoczek, R. 2010. Zu phonostilistischen Elementen des Gesprächs in dem reproduzierenden Sprechen. Eine instrumental-auditive Analyse. Text und Stil. Studien zur Text- und Diskursforschung. S. 303 – 313.
  15. Skoczek, R. 2022. Implikationen zur Vermittlung der phonostilistischen Differenzierung der bundesdeutschen Standardaussprache im Fach DaF. Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław 22(II): 415-433.
  16. Solska, T. 2021. Die Realisierung der Plosive in den Nationalvarietäten des Deutschen in Deutschland, Österreich und in der Schweiz. Linguistica Pragensia 31(1): 74-89.
  17. Solska, T., O. Borovska, K. Poseletska, N. Vyshyvana 2022. Untersuchung zu der Realisierung des Phonems /r/ im unbetonten wortfinalen Silbenanlaut in der modernen deutschen Spontanrede. Linguistica Silesiana 43: 7-23.
  18. Staffeldt, S. 2010. Einführung in die Phonetik, Phonologie und Graphematik des Deutschen. Ein Leitfaden für den akademischen Unterricht. Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag.
  19. Steriopolo, E. 2004. Theoretische Grundlagen der deutschen Phonetik. Winnyts’a: Nowa Knyha.
  20. Steriopolo, O. 2013. Neuere Entwicklungsprozesse in der Phonetik des Deutschen. Germanistik in der Ukraine 8: 114-130.
  21. Tworek, A. 2018. Artikulatorische Vielfalt des /r/-Phonems im heutigen Standarddeutschen. Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature 42(1): 125-137.
  22. Volfovska, O. 2021. Prosodische Parameter der politischen Rede aus pragmatischer Sicht. Journal for Central European German Studies/Zeitschrift für Mitteleuropäische Germanistik 7(1): 95-110.
  23. Wiese, R. 2011. Phonetik und Phonologie. Paderborn: Wilhelm Fink.
  24. Zabuzhanska, I., and T. Yamchynska 2022. Communicative silence in political discourse: A case study on American and Ukrainian presidential speeches. Lege artis. Language yesterday, today, tomorrow. The journal of University of SS Cyril and Methodius in Trnava. Trnava VII (2): 208-224.

WÖRTERBÜCHER:

  • Duden. Das Aussprachewörterbuch. 2015. Berlin: Dudenverlag.
  • Krech, E.-M., E. Stock, U. Hirschfeld and L.Ch. Anders 2009. Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch. Berlin; New York: Walter de Gruyter.  

QUELLENVERZEICHNIS:

  • Europa-Rede des Bundeskanzlers Olaf Scholz an der Karls-Universität am 29. August 2022 in Prag „Europa ist unsere Zukunft – und diese Zukunft liegt in unseren Händen“ URL: https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/schwerpunkte/europa/scholz-rede-prag-karls-uni-2079410 [Zugriff am 01.02.2025].
  • Regierungserklärung in der Sondersitzung zum Krieg gegen die Ukraine vor dem Deutschen Bundestag am 27. Februar 2022 in Berlin URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YS_-QJhOTA&ab_channel=Bundesregierung [Zugriff am 01.02.2025].
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tetiana Solska
1
Olena Borovska
1
Kateryna Poseletska
1
Nataliia Vyshyvana
1

  1. Staatliche Pädagogische Mychajlo-Kozjubynskyj-Universität Winnyzja
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Abstrakt

Research within Distributed Morphology has pointed to a strong correlation between the productivity of a word formation process and the structural complexity of its derivatives. This study sets to shed new light on this issue, analyzing nominal compounds in English and Polish from the point of view of how their productivity translates into the ability of the elements within the compound to undergo modification, with particular focus placed on non-heads. It is shown that the link between productivity and syntactic complexity is weaker than what has been assumed, with semantic compositionality being of greater importance to whether elements in compounds can be further modified. Non-head modification is common in synthetic and endocentric nominal compounds in English and the study reveals that non-heads in English exocentric compounds can also be complex (as long as they are semantically transparent), even though exocentric compounding is not a productive pattern in English. It is also shown that non-heads in Polish compounds can also be complex as long as they are semantically transparent (irrespective of whether the pattern is productive).
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Bibliografia

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Sebastian Wasak
1

  1. John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
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Abstrakt

The aim of this paper is to provide a brief study of online threats in adolescent cyberbullying. Cyberbullying refers to different forms of repeated and intentional electronic aggression. Online threats constitute an important mechanism of electronic abuse.

The paper opens with a brief introduction into the issues of cyberbullying and the speech act of threat. Subsequently, a practical study on the database of 255 cyberabuse testimonies published on https://cyberbullying.org/stories is carried out.

The aim of the analysis is to determine the presence of online threats in adolescent cyberbullying, the types of threats and the verbs of harm by which the threats were expressed.

The results of the analysis confirm the presence of online threats in adolescent cyberbullying. The most numerous category reported in the database included death threats, followed by threats of physical violence. The most common verb of harm in the dataset was the verb kill, with other verbs significantly less represented.

The analysis of the dataset reveals online threats in adolescent cyberbullying as made in a direct and unrestrained way.

The results of the study also show online threats in adolescent cyberbullying as complex lexical and conceptual events, often perpetrated in connection with other forms of abuse and having important detrimental consequences for the victims.

While acknowledging limitations of the present study, this paper also points to a number of practical benefits coming from further investigations into online threats in adolescent cyberbullying.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Łukasz Matusz
1

  1. University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

Zasady etyki publikacyjnej

Ethical principles



Editors of “Linguistica Silesiana”, to maintain high-quality published articles and scientific integrity, preserve and enforce ethical principles, regarding both authors and editors of scientific publications, as well as reviewers.


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Recenzenci

The Linguistica Silesiana peer-referees 2017-2020

  • Beata Abdallah-Krzepkowska
  • Magdalena Bartłomiejczyk
  • Magdalena Bator
  • Monika Bielińska
  • Bogusław Bierwiaczonek
  • Krzysztof Bogacki
  • Jan Čermák
  • Bożena Cetnarowska
  • Magdalena Charzyńska-Wójcik
  • Grzegorz Drożdż
  • Radosław Dylewski
  • Henryk Fontański
  • Danuta Gabryś-Barker
  • Piotr Gąsiorowski
  • Łukasz Grabowski
  • Ireneusz Kida
  • Robert Kiełtyka
  • Marcin Krygier
  • Marcin Kuczok
  • Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik
  • Czesław Lachur
  • Andrzej Łyda
  • Ewa Miczka
  • Ewa Myrczek-Kadłubicka
  • John G. Newman
  • Mikołaj Nkollo
  • Jerzy Nykiel
  • Ewa Piechurska-Kuciel
  • Tadeusz Piotrowski
  • Adam Pluszczyk
  • Andrzej Porzuczek
  • Hans Sauer
  • Czesława Schatte
  • Piotr Stalmaszczyk
  • Monika Sułkowska
  • Konrad Szcześniak
  • Krystyna Warchał
  • Halina Widła
  • Krzysztof Witczak
  • Adam Wojtaszek
  • Marcin Zabawa

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