Applied sciences

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Content

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 3

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Abstract

The work considers a one-dimensional time series protocol packet intensity, measured on the city backbone network. The intensity of the series is uneven. Scattering diagrams are constructed. The Dickie Fuller test and Kwiatkowski-Phillips Perron-Shin-Schmitt test were applied to determine the initial series to the class of stationary or nonstationary series. Both tests confirmed the involvement of the original series in the class of differential stationary. Based on the Dickie Fuller test and Private autocorrelation function graphs, the Integrated Moving Average Autoregression Model model is created. The results of forecasting network traffic showed the adequacy of the selected model.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tansaule Serikov
1
Аinur Zhetpisbayeva
1
Ainur Аkhmediyarova
2
Sharafat Mirzakulova
3
Aigerim Kismanova
1
Aray Tolegenova
1
Waldemar Wójcik
4

  1. S.Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
  2. Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  3. Turan University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  4. Lublin University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The quick leakage alarm and the accurate concentration prediction are two important aspects of natural gas safety monitoring. In this paper, a rapid monitoring method of sensor data sharing, rapid leakage alarm and simultaneous output of concentrations prediction is proposed to accelerate the alarm speed and predict the possible impact of leakage. In this method, the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory is used to fuse the trend judgment and the CUSUM (cumulative sum) and the Gauss-Newton iteration is used to predict the concentration. The experiment system based on the TGS2611 natural gas sensor was built. The results show that the fusion method is significantly better than the single monitoring method. The alarm time of fusion method was more advanced than that of the CUSUM method and the trend method (being averagely, 10.4% and 7.6% in advance in the CUSUM method and the trend method respectively). The relative deviations of the predicted concentration were the maximum (13.3%) at 2000 ppm (parts per million) and the minimum (0.8%) at 6000 ppm, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rongli Li
1
Yuexin Fan
2

  1. Faculty of Sanjiang University, Nanjing, China
  2. Faculty of Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Abstract

Advancement in medical technology creates some issues related to data transmission as well as storage. In real-time processing, it is too tedious to limit the flow of data as it may reduce the meaningful information too. So, an efficient technique is required to compress the data. This problem arises in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalogram (EEG), and other medical signal processing domains. In this paper, we demonstrate Block Sparse Bayesian Learning (BSBL) based compressive sensing technique on an Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. The efficiency of the algorithm is described using the Mean Square Error (MSE) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) value. Apart from this analysis we also use different combinations of sensing matrices too, to demonstrate the effect of sensing matrices on MSE and SSIM value. And here we got that the exponential and chi-square random matrices as a sensing matrix are showing a significant change in the value of MSE and SSIM. So, in real-time body sensor networks, this scheme will contribute a significant reduction in power requirement due to its data compression ability as well as it will reduce the cost and the size of the device used for real-time monitoring.
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Authors and Affiliations

Vivek Upadhyaya
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammad Salim
1

  1. Malaviya National Institute of Technology, India
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Abstract

The purpose of the article is a comparison between DC/DC topologies with a wide input voltage range. The research also explains how the implementation of GaN E‑HEMT transistors influences the overall efficiency of the converter. The article presents a process of selection of the most efficient topology for stabilization of the battery storage voltage (9 V – 36 V) at the level of 24 V, which enables the usage of ultracapacitor energy storage in a wide range of applications, e.g., in automated electric vehicles. In order to choose the most suitable topology, simulation and laboratory research were conducted. The two most promising topologies were selected for verification in the experimental model. Each of the converters was constructed in two versions: with Si and with GaN E-HEMT transistors. The paper presents experimental research results that consist of precise power loss measurements and thermal analysis. The performance with an increased switching frequency of converters was also examined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mikołaj Koszel
1
Piotr Grzejszczak
1
Bartosz Nowatkiewicz
2
Kornel Wolski
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Control and Industrial Electronics, Poland
  2. Wibar Technology Ltd., Poland
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Abstract

A novice advanced architecture of 8-bit analog to digital converter is introduced and analyzed in this paper. The structure of proposed ADC is based on the sub-ranging ADC architecture in which a 4-bit resolution flash-ADC is utilized. The proposed ADC architecture is designed by employing a comparator which is equipped with common mode current feedback and gain boosting technique (CMFD-GB) and a residue amplifier. The proposed 8 bits ADC structure can achieve the speed of 140 megasamples per second. The proposed ADC architecture is designed at a resolution of 8 bits at 10 MHz sampling frequency. DNL and INL values of the proposed design are -0.94/1.22 and -1.19/1.19 respectively. The ADC design dissipates a power of 1.24 mW with the conversion speed of 0.98 ns. The magnitude of SFDR and SNR from the simulations at Nyquist input is 39.77 and 35.62 decibel respectively. Simulations are performed on a SPICE based tool in 90 nm CMOS technology. The comparison shows better performance for this proposed ADC design in comparison to other ADC architectures regarding speed, resolution and power consumption.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anil Khatak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Manoj Kumar
2
Sanjeev Dhull
3

  1. Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana, India
  2. Faculty of USICT, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
  3. Faculty of ECE, GJUS&T, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Abstract

This paper describes a novel Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter using Chebyshev approximation and Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) modeling technique. The developed 3rd order filter structure uses an inductive iris and an inductive post station in a way it resonates in Ka frequency band serving wireless applications. The paper presents in details steps of the filter design formed by specific analytical equations to extract its different synthesizable parameters including coupling matrix, quality factor and initial geometric dimensions. The ideal frequency response of the filter is determined from an equivalent circuit that uses localized elements developed by AWR Microwave Software. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is then employed to model the proposed filter structure and optimize its initial parameters until meeting the target specifications initially fixed in order to provide a high frequency response for the proposed filter design. Finally, the obtained results display a good performance for the proposed filter design and demonstrate a high usefulness for the employed technology that allows a low design volume.
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Bibliography

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[10] X.-P. Chen and K. Wu, “Substrate integrated waveguide filter: Basic design rules and fundamental structure features,” IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 108–116, Jul./Aug. 2014.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mehdi Damou
1
Yassine Benallou
1
Boualem Mansouri
1
Keltouma Nouri
1
Mohammed Chetioui
2
Abdelhakim Boudkhil
2

  1. Laboratory of Technology of Communication, Faculty of Technology, University of Dr. Tahar Moulay of Saida, Algeria
  2. Laboratory of Telecommunications, Faculty of Technology, University of Abu Bakr Belkaid of Tlemcen, Algeria
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Abstract

This paper is focused on multiple soft fault diagnosis of linear time-invariant analog circuits and brings a method that achieves all objectives of the fault diagnosis: detection, location, and identification. The method is based on a diagnostic test arranged in the transient state, which requires one node accessible for excitation and two nodes accessible for measurement. The circuit is specified by two transmittances which express the Laplace transform of the output voltages in terms of the Laplace transform of the input voltage. Each of these relationships is used to create an overdetermined system of nonlinear algebraic equations with the circuit parameters as the unknown variables. An iterative method is developed to solve these equations. Some virtual solutions can be eliminated comparing the results obtained using both transmittances. Three examples are provided where laboratory or numerical experiments reveal effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yelena Kulakova
1
Waldemar Wójcik
2
Batyrbek Suleimenov
1
Andrzej Smolarz
2

  1. Satbaev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  2. Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

The paper suggests an improved method of active power distribution among the gas-diesel generators operating in parallel; the method involves the control of torque and the angular positions of their rotors. The use of the suggested approach to the solution of the active power distribution task in the presence of instability of drive motor speed provides the increase of autonomous power system operation efficacy and rising the power unit’s performance. The authors analyzed the causes of generation of low-frequency fluctuations of generator drive engine speed; in autonomous electric power systems, gas diesel generators are increasingly used as such generator drive engines. It is suggested to use the developed method and structure of the optical device for control of rotation period and the measurement of the generator rotor angle position characterized with high accuracy, as the sensor. The authors developed a schematic diagram of active power distribution among the generators operating in parallel, which uses the cross feedback for gas-powered diesel engine shafts momentum and the generator rotor angle position. They obtained experimental results confirming the efficiency of the suggested active power distribution method and its practical implementation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Abdullah M. Eial Awwad
1
Mahmoud M. S. Al-Suod
1
Alaa M. Al-Quteimat
1
O.O. Ushkarenko
2
Atia AlHawamleh
1

  1. Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, Jordan
  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Mykolaiv, Ukraine
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Abstract

Head movement is frequently associated with human motion navigation, and an indispensable aspect of how humans interact with the surrounding environment. In spite of that, the incorporation of head motion and navigation is more often used in the VR (Virtual Reality) environment than the physical environment. This study aims to develop a robot car capable of simple teleoperation, incorporated with telepresence and head movement control for an on-robot real-time head motion mimicking mechanism and directional control, in attempt to provide users the experience of an avatar-like third person’s point of view amid the physical environment. The design consists of three processes running in parallel; Motion JPEG (MJPEG) live streaming to html-Site via local server, Bluetooth communication, and the corresponding movements for the head motion mimicking mechanism and motors which acts in accordance to head motion as captured by the Attitude Sensor and apparent command issued by the user. The design serves its purpose of demonstration with the usage of basic components and is not aimed to provide nor research with regards to user experience.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tan Jia Wee
1
Herman Wahid
1

  1. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, School of Electrical Engineering, UTM Skudai, Malaysia
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Abstract

As we enter the 5G (5th-Generation) era, the amount of information and data has become increasingly tremendous. Therefore, electronic circuits need to have higher chip density, faster operating speed and better signal quality of transmission. As the carrier of electronic components, the design difficulty of high-speed PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is also increasing. Equal-length wiring is an essential part of PCB design. But now, it can no longer meet the needs of designers. Accordingly, in view of the shortcomings of the traditional equal-length wiring, this article proposes two optimization ways: the ”spiral wiring” way and the ”double spiral wiring” way. Based on the theoretical analysis of the transmission lines, the two optimization ways take the three aspects of optimizing the layout and wiring space, suppressing crosstalk and reducing reflection as the main points to optimize the design. Eventually, this article performs simulation and verification of schematic diagram and PCB of the optimal design by using HyperLynx simulation software. The simulation results show that these two ways not only improve the flexibility of the transmission line layout, but also improve the signal integrity of the transmission lines. Of course, this also proves the feasibility and reliability of the two optimized designs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kaixing Cheng
1
Zhongqiang Luo
1
Xingzhong Xiong
1
Xiaohan Wei
1

  1. Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, China
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Abstract

It is shown that a number of equivalent choices for the calculation of the spectrum of a sampled signal are possible. Two such choices are presented in this paper. It is illustrated that the proposed calculations are more physically relevant than the definition currently in use.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Borys
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Marine Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
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Abstract

This paper presents unsupervised change detection method to produce more accurate change map from imbalanced SAR images for the same land cover. This method is based on PSO algorithm for image segmentation to layers which classify by Gabor Wavelet filter and then K-means clustering to generate new change map. Tests are confirming the effectiveness and efficiency by comparison obtained results with the results of the other methods. Integration of PSO with Gabor filter and k-means will providing more and more accuracy to detect a least changing in objects and terrain of SAR image, as well as reduce the processing time.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jinan N. Shehab
1
Hussein A. Abdulkadhim
1

  1. University of Diyala, College of Engineering, Dept. of Communication Engineering, Iraq
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Abstract

The major difference between a continuous mode optical regenerator (CMOR) and a burst mode optical regenerator (BMOR) is that a BMOR is capable of handling large variations in the input power which makes it useful in optical packet switched and optical burst switched networks. This is due to the optical limiting amplifier (OLA) present in the BMOR. Using computer modelling, the impact of using different OLA non-linear transfer functions on the output bit error rate of a system consisting of a cascade of 2R BMORs has been investigated. The effect of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise introduced in the inter-regenerator links has also been taken into consideration. Also, a brief review of existing OLA designs is presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yash Deodhar
1
Jeeru Jaya Sankar Reddy
1
Priyanka Desai Kakade
2
Rohan Kakade
3

  1. Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104
  2. Department of Electronics And Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India-576104
  3. Loughborough University, United Kingdom
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Abstract

Future wireless communication networks will be largely characterized by small cell deployments, typically on the order of 200 meters of radius/cell, at most. Meanwhile, recent studies show that base stations (BS) account for about 80 to 95 % of the total network power. This simply implies that more energy will be consumed in the future wireless network since small cell means massive deployment of BS. This phenomenon makes energy-efficient (EE) control a central issue of critical consideration in the design of future wireless networks. This paper proposes and investigates (the performance of) two different energy-saving approaches namely, adaptive-sleep sectorization (AS), adaptive hybrid partitioning schemes (AH) for small cellular networks using smart antenna technique. We formulated a generic base-model for the above-mentioned schemes and applied the spatial Poisson process to reduce the system complexity and to improve flexibility in the beam angle reconfiguration of the adaptive antenna, also known as a smart antenna (SA). The SA uses the scalable algorithms to track active users in different segments/sectors of the microcell, making the proposed schemes capable of targeting specific users or groups of users in periods of sparse traffic, and capable of performing optimally when the network is highly congested. The capabilities of the proposed smart/adaptive antenna approaches can be easily adapted and integrated into the massive MIMO for future deployment. Rigorous numerical analysis at different orders of sectorization shows that among the proposed schemes, the AH strategy outperforms the AS in terms of energy saving by about 52 %. Generally, the proposed schemes have demonstrated the ability to significantly increase the power consumption efficiency of micro base stations for future generation cellular systems, over the traditional design methodologies.
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Authors and Affiliations

MHD Nour Hindia
1
Faizan Qamar
2
Henry Ojukwu
1
Rosilah Hassan
3
Kaharudin Dimyati
1

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  2. Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
  3. Network and Communication Technology (NCT) Lab, Centre for Cyber Security, Fakulti Teknologi & Sains Maklumat (FTSM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
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Abstract

Compared with traditional cellular networks, wireless ad hoc networks do not have trusted entities such as routers, since every node in the network is expected to participate in the routing function. Therefore, routing protocols need to be specifically designed for wireless ad hoc networks. In this work, we propose an authenticated routing protocol based on small world model (ARSW). With the idea originating from the small world theory, the operation of the protocol we proposed is simple and flexible. Our simulation results show the proposed ARSW not only increases packet delivery ratio, but also reduces packet delivery delay. In particularly, Using authentication theory, the proposed ARSW improves communication security.
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Authors and Affiliations

Daxing Wang
1
Leying Xu
1

  1. College of Mathematics and Finance, Chuzhou University
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Abstract

The ergodic channel capacity of wireless optical multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with pulse position modulation (PPM) is investigated. The combined effects of atmospheric turbulence, atmospheric attenuation, pointing error and channel spatial correlation are taken into consideration. The expression of ergodic channel capacity is derived, and is further performed by Wilkinson approximation method for simplicity. The simulation results indicated that the strong spatial correlation has the greatest influence on the ergodic channel capacity, followed by pointing errors and atmospheric turbulence. Moreover, the ergodic channel capacity growth brought by space diversity only performs well under independent and weakly correlated channels. Properly increasing the size and spacing of the receiving apertures is an effective means of effectively increasing the ergodic channel capacity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Minghua Cao
1
Yue Zhang
1
Zhongjiang Kang
1
Huiqin Wang
1

  1. School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
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Abstract

Wireless sensor network is a dynamic field of networking and communication because of its increasing demand in critical Industrial and Robotics applications. Clustering is the technique mainly used in the WSN to deal with large load density for efficient energy conservation. Formation of number of duplicate clusters in the clustering algorithm decreases the throughput and network lifetime of WSN. To deal with this problem, advance distributive energy-efficient adaptive clustering protocol with sleep/wake scheduling algorithm (DEACP-S/W) for the selection of optimal cluster head is presented in this paper. The presented sleep/wake cluster head scheduling along with distributive adaptive clustering protocol helps in reducing the transmission delay by properly balancing of load among nodes. The performance of algorithm is evaluated on the basis of network lifetime, throughput, average residual energy, packet delivered to the base station (BS) and CH of nodes. The results are compared with standard LEACH and DEACP protocols and it is observed that the proposed protocol performs better than existing algorithms. Throughput is improved by 8.1% over LEACH and by 2.7% over DEACP. Average residual energy is increased by 6.4% over LEACH and by 4% over DEACP. Also, the network is operable for nearly 33% more rounds compared to these reference algorithms which ultimately results in increasing lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Network.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shankar D. Chavan
1
Shahaji R. Jagdale
1
Dhanashree A. Kulkarni
1
Sneha R. Jadhav
1

  1. Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pimpri, Pune
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Abstract

In this paper, an asynchronous demodulation method for a four-single sideband (SSB) signal arranged on the frequency axis is developed to support burst mode transmission in a mobile radio path and to achieve greater data throughputs. When a reduced pilot carrier is placed at the center of the 4-SSB signal, it is guarded by lower and upper sidebands, that is, this scheme is classified into a tone-in-band (TIB) system. Digital signal processing (DSP) processors are useful for implementing a Hilbert transform. However, we have for a long time neglected introducing it into the demodulation process of SSB signals.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kazuhiro Daikoku
1

  1. Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract

The high-speed of train (HST) in combination with the high carrier frequency of HST systems leads to the severe inter carrier interference (ICI) in the HST orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (HST-OFDM) systems. To avoid the complexity in OFDM receiver design for ICI eliminations, the OFDM system parameters such as symbol duration, signal bandwidth, and the number of subcarriers should be chosen appropriately. This paper aims to propose a process of HSTOFDM system performance investigation to determine these parameters in order to enhance spectral efficiency and meet a given quality-of-service (QoS) level. The signal-to-interferenceplus- noise ratio (SINR) has been used as a figure of merit to analyze the system performance instead of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as most of recent research studies. Firstly, using the nonstationary geometry-based stochastic HST channel model, the SINR of each subcarrier has been derived for different speeds of the train, signal bandwidths, and number of subcarriers. Consequently, the system capacity has been formulated as the sum of all the single channel capacity from each sub-carrier. The constraints on designing HST-OFDM system parameters have been thoughtfully analyzed using the obtained expressions of SINR and capacity. Finally, by analyzing the numerical results, the system parameters can be found for the design of HSTOFDM systems under different speeds of train. The proposed process can be used to provide hints to predict performance of HST communication systems before doing further high cost implementations as hardware designs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Do Viet Ha
1
Trinh Thi Huong
1
Nguyen Thanh Hai
1

  1. Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Transport and Communications (UTC), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstract

This paper describes successfully formed ohmic contacts to p-type 4H-SiC based on titanium-aluminum alloys. Four different metallization structures were examined, varying in aluminum layer thickness (25, 50, 75, 100 nm) and with constant thickness of the titanium layer (50 nm). Structures were annealed within the temperature range of 800°C - 1100°C and then electrically characterized. The best electrical parameters and linear, ohmic character of contacts demonstrated structures with Al layer thickness equal or greater than that of Ti layer and annealed at temperatures of 1000°C or higher.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Martychowiec
1
Norbert Kwietniewski
1
Kinga Kondracka
1
Aleksander Werbowy
1
Mariusz Sochacki
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Unintentional islanding detection is one the mandatory criterion that must be met by PV inverters before connecting them into the grid. Acceptable time for inverter for islanding detection is less than 2 seconds. In this paper voltage parameters after islanding occurrence and before turning off the inverter are analyzed. In order to simulate islanding state and perform measurements the testing system was build. Three different commercial PV inverters were tested. Measured signals were used to calculate voltage envelope, phasor, frequency and ROCOF. Collected data proved to be helpful to compere different inverters.
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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon Henryk Barczentewicz
1
Tomasz Lerch
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Bień
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The research of robotics needs a good and accurate control. The proposed concept is touch less and non-verbal communication with the use of leap motion controller. The concept has two major parts: first part is “device perceive hand finger moments and send signal”, second part is robotic hand interfaced with PIC microcontroller which receives signal and controls robotic hand. The paper aims to link virtual environment with real time environment. The virtual environment is consisting of leap motion controller and laptop, real time environment is consisting of microcontroller and robotic arm. In real time environment parodist is converts into virtual environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

R. Satheeshkumar
1
R. Arivoli
1

  1. Annamalai University, India
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Abstract

In this article, we propose a new stopping criterion for turbo codes. This criterion is based on the behaviour of the probabilistic values alpha 'α' calculated in the forward recursion during turbo decoding. We called this criterion Sum-α. The simulation results show that the Bit Error Rates BER are very close to those of the Cross-Entropy CE criterion with the same average number of iterations.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Aissa Ouardi
1

  1. Laboratory Technology of Communication, Department of Electronics, University of Saida Dr. Moulay Tahar, Saida, Algeria
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Abstract

With the continuous advances in mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs), the research community has responded to the challenges and constraints in the design of these networks by proposing efficient routing protocols that focus on particular performance metrics such as residual energy utilization, mobility, topology, scalability, localization, data collection routing, Quality of Service (QoS), etc. In addition, the introduction of mobility in WSN has brought new challenges for the routing, stability, security, and reliability of WSNs. Therefore, in this article, we present a comprehensive and meticulous investigation in the routing protocols and security challenges in the theory of MWSNs which was developed in recent years.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ahmed Al-Nasser
1
Reham Almesaeed
1
Hessa Al-Junaid
1

  1. University of Bahrain College of Information Technology, Bahrain
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Abstract

This article reviews chosen topics related to the development of Information Quantum Technologies in the major areas of measurements, communications, and computing. These fields start to build their ecosystems which in the future will probably coalesce into a homogeneous quantum information layer consisting of such interconnected components as quantum internet, full size quantum computers with efficient error corrections and ultrasensitive quantum metrology nodes stationary and mobile. Today, however, the skepticism expressing many doubts about the realizability of this optimistic view fights with a cheap optimism pouring out of some popular press releases. Where is the truth? Financing of the IQT by key players in research, development and markets substantially strengthens the optimistic side. Keeping the bright side with some reservations, we concentrate on showing the FAST pace of IQT developments in such areas as biological sciences, quantum evolutionary computations, quantum internet and some of its components.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Nałęcz-Charkiewicz
1
Jana Meles
1
Wioleta Rzęsa
1
Andrzej A. Wojciechowski
1
Eryk Warchulski
1
Kacper Kania
1
Justyna Stypułkowska
1
Grzegorz Fluder
1
Ryszard S. Romaniuk
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The recent decades have seen the growth in the fields of wireless communication technologies, which has made it possible to produce components with a rational cost of a few cubic millimeters of volume, called sensors. The collaboration of many of these wireless sensors with a basic base station gives birth to a network of wireless sensors. The latter faces numerous problems related to application requirements and the inadequate abilities of sensor nodes, particularly in terms of energy. In order to integrate the different models describing the characteristics of the nodes of a WSN, this paper presents the topological organization strategies to structure its communication. For large networks, partitioning into sub-networks (clusters) is a technique used to reduce consumption, improve network stability and facilitate scalability.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sarang Dagajirao Patil
1
Pravin Sahebrao Patil
2

  1. NES Gangamai College of Engineering, Nagaon, Dhule, Maharashta, India
  2. Dept. of E&C Engineering SSVPSBSD College of Engineering Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract

Leaf - a significant part of the plant, produces food using the process called photosynthesis. Leaf disease can cause damage to the entire plant and eventually lowers crop production. Machine learning algorithm for classifying five types of diseases, such as Alternaria leaf diseases, Bacterial Blight, Gray Mildew, Leaf Curl and Myrothecium leaf diseases, is proposed in the proposed study. The classification of diseases needs front face of leafs. This paper proposes an automated image acquisition process using a USB camera interfaced with Raspberry PI SoC. The image is transmitted to host PC for classification of diseases using online web server. Pre-processing of the acquired image by host PC to obtain full leaf, and later classification model based on SVM is used to detect type diseases. Results were checked with a 97% accuracy for the collection of acquired images.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hiren Mewada
1
Jignesh Patoliaya
2

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Kobhar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabai
  2. Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, India
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Abstract

The continuous real-time monitoring of diverse physical parameters using biosignals like ECG and EEG requires the biomedical sensors. Such sensor consists of analog frontend unit for which low noise and low power Operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is essential. In this paper, the novel chopper-stabilized bio-potential amplifier is proposed. The chopper stabilization technique is used to reduce the offset and flicker noise. Further, the OTA is likewise comprised of a method to enhance the input impedance without consuming more power. Also, the ripple reduction technique is used at the output branch of the OTA. The designed amplifier consumes 5.5 μW power with the mid-band gain of 40dB. The pass-band for the designed amplifier is 0.1Hz to 1KHz. The input impedance is likewise boosted with the proposed method. The noise is 42 nV/√H z with CMRR of 82 dB. All simulations are carried out in 180nm parameters.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ankit Adesara
1
Amisha Naik
1

  1. Nirma University, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Surat, India
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Abstract

This paper is focused on multiple soft fault diagnosis of linear time-invariant analog circuits and brings a method that achieves all objectives of the fault diagnosis: detection, location, and identification. The method is based on a diagnostic test arranged in the transient state, which requires one node accessible for excitation and two nodes accessible for measurement. The circuit is specified by two transmittances which express the Laplace transform of the output voltages in terms of the Laplace transform of the input voltage. Each of these relationships is used to create an overdetermined system of nonlinear algebraic equations with the circuit parameters as the unknown variables. An iterative method is developed to solve these equations. Some virtual solutions can be eliminated comparing the results obtained using both transmittances. Three examples are provided where laboratory or numerical experiments reveal effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Tadeusiewicz
1
Marek Ossowski
1
Marek Korzybski
1

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Control Engineering, Lodz, Poland
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Abstract

The article presents the methodology for measuring verification of the phenomenon of fades in the DAB+ SFN. The verification is related to comparing the characteristics of the fades determined theoretically with the occurring fades in the real environment of a large city. The conditions favorable for the occurrence of fading are presented and by selecting the appropriate propagation analysis tool, the places where the occurrence of fading is most likely were selected. In these places an analysis of the characteristics of fades was carried out and the conditions for their verification were determined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Igor Michalski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ryszard J. Zielinski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National Institute of Telecommunications, Poland
  2. Wroclaw University ofScience and Technology, Poland

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